Journal of Placemaking and Streetscape Design
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Green transformation of airport architecture through biophilic design: A comparative study of Changi, Munich, and Banyuwangi
No full textBackground: Modern airports play a vital role in the global transportation network, but they also contribute greatly to the environmental crisis due to high energy consumption and carbon emissions. This study examines the transformation of green architecture through the application of biophilic design as a mitigation strategy at three international airports (Changi, Munich, and Banyuwangi). Methods: A comparative case study approach with mixed methods (architectural observation, document analysis, and user surveys) was used to evaluate the integration of biophilic elements in an effort to improve energy efficiency, resource management, and adaptation to local climatic and cultural conditions. Findings: The results of the study show that the adaptation of biophilic design that takes into account local wisdom and local climate is able to optimize the performance of the airport environment, significantly reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions, and improve the psychological comfort of users. In addition, the application of natural elements such as indoor gardens, artificial waterfalls, green roofs, and natural ventilation is proven to create a healthier and more attractive space atmosphere. Conclusion: These findings enrich the discourse on sustainable architecture, affirm the relevance of biophilic design in facing the challenges of the global environmental crisis, and provide practical recommendations for the development of more environmentally friendly transportation infrastructure. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study offers originality by demonstrating how biophilic design, grounded in local wisdom and climatic context, can transform large-scale airport infrastructure into sustainable, human-centered public spaces with strong cultural identity, while simultaneously enhancing ecological performance and user well-being
Gender–responsive public space: An inclusivity perspective toward sustainable urban development
Get PDFBackground: Gender-inclusive public spaces play a crucial role in supporting social interaction, safety, and economic participation for diverse user groups, particularly women and vulnerable communities. In the Indonesian urban context, the integration of gender–responsive architectural principles in public space design remains uneven and is often constrained by normative and policy-oriented approaches. This study aims to identify key principles of gender–responsive architecture and examine their relevance to social and economic impacts in public spaces. Methods: This research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach using document analysis. Data were collected from international guidelines, national policies, and academic literature related to gender–responsive planning, inclusive design, and public space development. The documents were selected based on relevance and credibility, and analyzed using thematic coding to identify recurring architectural principles and their associated social and economic implications. Findings: The findings reveal several core principles of gender–responsive architecture in public spaces, including accessibility, safety, visibility, spatial legibility, and universal design. These principles are closely associated with positive social outcomes such as increased sense of safety, social interaction, and inclusiveness, as well as economic impacts through the activation of informal economic activities, micro-enterprises, and community-based creative initiatives. Conclusion: The study concludes that gender–responsive architectural principles provide an essential framework for creating inclusive and human-centered public spaces in Indonesia. By systematically linking design principles with social and economic outcomes, this research contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of gender-inclusive public space development. Novelty/Originality of this article: This article offers an original contribution by systematically synthesizing gender–responsive architectural principles and explicitly linking them to social and economic impacts in Indonesian public spaces, thereby advancing human-centered public space design and placemaking evaluation within urban streetscape and public realm studies
Energy-positive green space: Designing carbon-neutral community architecture in edge environments
Get PDFBackground: Urban edge zones—the transitional areas between dense urban cores and peri-urban landscapes—often face rapid development pressure, environmental vulnerability, and uneven access to public space. Although energy-positive and carbon-neutral design strategies are increasingly discussed, their integration with participatory placemaking remains underexamined, particularly at community scale in edge contexts. Methods: This study adopts a qualitative design-research case study in Amsterdam Noord, combining site-based environmental observation (e.g., solar exposure, wind behavior, vegetation, and use patterns) with iterative participatory co-design workshops. The architectural proposal was developed through low-tech, human-centered methods, emphasizing passive design optimization, low-embodied-carbon material strategies, and on-site renewable energy integration. Findings: Community input consistently prioritized shaded gathering areas, accessible green space, edible gardens, ecological pathways, and flexible multipurpose zones, which directly shaped spatial organization and environmental strategies. The proposed community green structure achieved a projected 12% operational energy surplus through integrated passive measures and photovoltaic-based generation. Survey findings further indicated high satisfaction with the co-design process, strong recognition of environmental friendliness, increased sustainability awareness, and broad support for applying similar participatory approaches in future projects. Conclusion: This study suggest that energy-positive, carbon-neutral community architecture can be effectively developed in urban edge environments when environmental logic is embedded within participatory, context-sensitive placemaking. This integrated approach supports both measurable environmental performance and social outcomes such as ownership, trust, and long-term stewardship. Novelty/Originality of this article: This research contributes a replicable participatory design model for energy-positive green-space architecture tailored to urban edge conditions, demonstrating how technical sustainability goals can be advanced together with community-led placemaking outcomes
Policy optimization in providing green open spaces by urban government: A comparative study in streetscape design approaches
Get PDFBackground: Green Open Space (GOS) in urban areas is experiencing a significant decline in quality and quantity due to rapid population growth and urbanization. This growth drives land conversion for urban infrastructure, including buildings, trade, industry, and residential areas. In Indonesia, the provision of GOS is mandated by Law Number 11 of 2020, which stipulates that urban areas must allocate 30% of their land for GOS (20% public and 10% private). Methods: This study employs both qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative method explores geographic and societal conditions, as well as policies, success stories, and challenges in providing Green Open Space (GOS) in Jakarta, Surabaya, and Samarinda. This involves a literature review of statistical data, prior research, and policy documents, as well as secondary data to analyze GOS conditions and needs based on regulations. Challenges in fulfilling GOS are categorized into technical, policy, and political aspects. The quantitative method uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to prioritize policies for achieving the 30% GOS target in the three cities. Findings: The study identified five key priorities for GOS policy implementation based on AHP calculations: Commitment of leaders and political actors, Stakeholder collaboration, Availability of green regulations, Community participation, and Private sector involvement. The research highlighted that cities with lower population densities, such as Samarinda, have a comparative advantage in achieving the 30% GOS target compared to denser cities like Jakarta and Surabaya. Furthermore, the study emphasized the role of heterogeneous community characteristics in shaping the effectiveness of GOS policies. Achieving sustainable urban development requires a strong commitment from policymakers and local communities. Novelty/Originality of This Article: This research provides a novel perspective on GOS policy optimization by integrating AHP analysis with urban land-use strategies. This research highlights the importance of contextual factors, such as population density and community heterogeneity, in successfully implementing GOS policies
Spatial planning based on urban waste-generating: A streetscape design perspective
Get PDFBackground: The concept of sustainable spatial planning can solve the limited land area of DKI Jakarta Province. The increasing amount of waste generation in DKI Jakarta Province and the increasing population will cause the Bantargebang TPST's capacity to be insufficient soon. This research aims to analyze the amount of waste generation in DKI Jakarta Province. Method: The quantitative research approach uses mixed methods, including literature review and descriptive and spatial statistics. The data is secondary data from the Environmental and Cleanliness Information System of the DKI Jakarta Province Environmental Service (SILIKA). Findings: The results show the distribution of waste generation, presented in the form of a GIS (Geographic Information System) map. The results of this research show that the increase in the population of DKI Jakarta Province impacts waste generation; waste generation in 2019 increased by 54% in 2021. Recapitulation of waste generation in DKI Jakarta Province in 2021 Measurement Period I, the highest in East Jakarta, 2247.39 tonnes, and the lowest in Central Jakarta, 787 tons of waste. Conclusions: The study highlights that population growth directly increases waste production, with East Jakarta producing the most waste in 2021. The study highlights the need for sustainable spatial planning to address land scarcity and waste management challenges in the region. Novelty/Originality of this Article: This study introduces a GIS-based spatial analysis of waste generation in DKI Jakarta, highlighting the direct impact of population growth on waste production and the urgent need for sustainable spatial planning to address land scarcity and waste management challenges
Green open space planning based on spatial justice in Jakarta: Study of child friendly integrated public spaces/RPTRA and general green open space
Get PDFBackground: Urbanization has significantly reduced green open spaces in Jakarta, impacting ecological balance and quality of life. While the importance of green open spaces for urban quality of life is well understood, comprehensive studies on spatial justice related to the distribution and accessibility of green open spaces in major cities like Jakarta are still limited. This study aims to assess the distribution, accessibility, and government budget allocation for public green open spaces in South Jakarta, with a focus on spatial justice and equitable access. Method: Using GIS software, this study assesses the distribution and accessibility of urban green spaces, conducts descriptive analysis on government budget allocation, and evaluates justice in public green space planning in South Jakarta. Findings: Despite the overall availability of green open space in South Jakarta meeting the standard of 0.2 m²/capita, the sub-districts of Pasar Minggu and Pesanggrahan still exhibit gaps in availability, and accessibility uneven trough all South Jakarta. Conclusion: Moreover, the budget allocated by the government for green spaces is relatively low compared to the total budget of DKI Jakarta. Green open space planning in the City of South Jakarta has not yet fully achieved spatial justice. This is influenced by the insufficient number, area and distribution to reach all regions and accommodate all levels of society. Novelty/Originality of This Article: This study highlights spatial injustice in the distribution and accessibility of green open spaces in South Jakarta using GIS analysis, revealing disparities despite meeting per capita standards and inadequate government budget allocation
Assessing the vulnerability of urban areas to the urban heat island phenomenon: Strategies for effective mitigation and sustainable urban planning
Get PDFBackground: Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a phenomenon that causes significant temperature differences between urban areas and surrounding suburban or rural areas. This phenomenon can be found even in medium to small-sized cities and is measured based on the temperature difference between urban and rural areas. Methods: This study employs a systematic literature review to analyze research on urban heat islands and applied mitigation strategies. The review follows a structured process, including selection criteria based on albedo, vegetation area, and anthropogenic factors, to identify and classify relevant case studies. The analysis focuses on three mitigation approaches: reducing urban albedo, increasing vegetation, and reducing anthropogenic heat emissions. Findings: In cities, urban heat islands are influenced by factors such as building density, the nature of roads and building surface materials that store heat, lack of green land, and activities carried out in urban areas. With high activity and population density, urban heat islands can cause temperature increases both locally and globally. The increase in temperature in the microclimate in urban areas triggers an increase in death rates due to heat waves, causes discomfort in human activities, and greatly impacts vulnerable groups. This phenomenon will become increasingly widespread due to urbanization which results in urban sprawl which expands urban areas. Conclusion: Urban vulnerability to urban heat islands requires interdisciplinary studies to analyse and develop effective mitigation. The mitigation carried out aims to reduce the negative impact of the urban heat island phenomenon. Novelty/Originality of this article: Three mitigation solutions that can be implemented are reducing urban albedo because albedo can reflect solar radiation, increasing urban vegetation to reduce heat in the surrounding area, and reducing anthropogenic heat emissions by reducing heat emissions from daily activities
Building climate-resilient urban communities through public space adaptation
Get PDFBackground: Climate change poses critical challenges to urban communities, particularly in densely populated areas where the quality of life is highly vulnerable to environmental disruptions. This study aims to analyze the impacts of climate change on health, socio-economic, and environmental dimensions within urban neighborhoods while assessing the community’s adaptive capacity in responding to these challenges. Methods: A descriptive qualitative approach was employed through in-depth interviews, field observations, and analysis of secondary data from meteorological, statistical, and policy sources. Findings: The results reveal tangible consequences such as health risks from flooding and extreme heat, economic disruptions affecting small businesses, and environmental degradation that heightens disaster vulnerability. While public awareness of climate issues is relatively strong, adaptive capacity remains constrained by limited resources, insufficient climate education, and minimal participatory policy support. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for community-based adaptation strategies that integrate climate-sensitive urban design, enhanced climate literacy, participatory policy frameworks, and technology-driven innovations. Strengthening these aspects is crucial for fostering climate-resilient public spaces and promoting community well-being. Novelty/Originality of this article: Unlike studies that approach climate change from a broad regional perspective, this research emphasizes community-level resilience by integrating health, socio-economic, and environmental dimensions into the discourse of urban design and placemaking. The findings contribute context-specific strategies that bridge participatory planning, education, and technology with sustainable public space design to support low-carbon development and urban resilience
Balancing urban growth and environmental sustainability through spatial planning: A Policy and land use analysis
Get PDFBackground: Spatial planning is an essential component of regional development, particularly in areas that serve as centers of governance and economic activity. Challenges in sustainable spatial management arise as population growth increases the demand for public facilities, housing, and green open spaces. This study analyzes spatial planning policies with a focus on land use, infrastructure, and environmental impacts. Using a participatory approach, it aims to identify problems and explore potential strategies for more effective spatial planning development. Methods: This study applies a comprehensive literature review method, with data sourced from previous studies and land use maps. The discussion is presented descriptively, referencing relevant scientific literature and reliable sources. Findings: The results are expected to provide recommendations for sustainability-oriented decision-making and contribute to improving the quality of life of urban communities. These efforts are essential to balance development with environmental conservation while also enhancing the attractiveness of urban areas for investment and tourism. Conclusion: Analysis shows that residential land experienced a substantial increase, from 171.44 hectares to 348.17 hectares, reflecting high demand for housing driven by population growth and infrastructure development. Conversely, dry land decreased drastically from 1,566.23 hectares to 305.41 hectares, indicating significant conversion of land for non-agricultural purposes. The reduction of green open land and dry land poses serious risks to food security and environmental quality. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study emphasizes the importance of implementing sustainable spatial planning policies that balance infrastructure and residential development with ecological preservation and agricultural sustainability. With appropriate strategies, land use can be directed to support sustainable and resilient urban growth
Environmentally-conscious cities: Energy transformation through ecoregional planning and carbon trading for sustainable regional development
Get PDFBackground: The global climate crisis and dependency on fossil fuels pose serious threats to food, water, and energy security in Indonesia, particularly in ecologically and economically strategic regions such as Garut Regency. This research proposes an integrated strategy for sustainable regional development based on ecoregional planning and carbon trading, addressing spatial inequality, environmental degradation, and clean energy transformation. Methods: Spatial-territorial analysis and participatory cross-sectoral policy review serve as the primary methodology, supplemented by stakeholder interviews and geospatial assessments. Findings: The findings reveal significant renewable energy potential in Garut, including geothermal (PLTP Darajat), solar, micro-hydro, and biomass from agricultural waste. However, 52.57% land-use misalignment, a 42.46% decline in forest area, and water deficits in 19 sub-districts endanger ecosystem stability and local economic resilience. Strategic ecoregional planning, including environmental carrying capacity-based zoning, 45% protected area retention, and renewable energy integration into spatial plans, can reverse these negative trends. Implementation requires multi-sectoral collaboration involving government, private sector, and communities, supported by green technologies and innovative financing (APBD, KPBU, CSR). The environmental benefits encompass biodiversity conservation, enhanced climate resilience, and emission reductions toward the net-zero emissions 2045 target. Conclusion: This study concludes that Garut’s transformation into an energy-independent, socially equitable, and ecologically resilient region can serve as a national model for achieving the Golden Indonesia 2045 vision. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this article lies in proposing an integrated ecoregional planning and carbon trading framework as a scalable model for aligning spatial planning, renewable energy development, and socio-political risk management in regional sustainability transitions