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Alternatives au glyphosate en grandes cultures. Evaluation économique. Résumé exécutif
No full textAlternatives au glyphosate en grandes cultures. Evaluation économique. Résumé exécuti
Activity Report: PhD 2nd Year: Study of Qualimetry essentials applied to embedded software product and organization, with consideration to software entropy
No full textThe purpose of this report is to summarize the second year of research activity related to Yann Argotti’s PhD inside the RISC / ISI group at LAAS-CNRS. This PhD candidate is registered at EDSYS school and INSA Toulouse in “Computer science and embedded systems” specialization track. Claude Baron, RISC / ISI group responsible and Philippe Esteban, member of RISC / ISI group, are co-joint thesis directors. Thesis subject is “Study of Qualimetry essentials applied to embedded software product and organization, with consideration” This second year was the continuity of the first year during which an analysis of the thesis problematic was performed, identifying several road blockers that we started to address mainly from a theoretical point of view. So, this year we began to apply our contributions to qualimetry theory against automotive software development, demonstrating their applicability, interests, and benefits. Moreover, we synthetized the thesis progress over the production of two research papers, one submitted to IEEE Transaction of Software Engineering journal [1] which was unfortunately rejected, but with some constructive feedback, and one to ERTS 2020 conference [2] which was accepted and then presented on end of January 2020 (see Annex for a copy of both papers).In parallel, we initiated a new systematic literature review on quality models related to software product, process and project. The goal of this work is to perform a study not only to build a unique and precise landscape of quality models in this field, but also to create the necessary quality model substrate to decide which model(s) we must be using in order to complete the construction of our solution.Thus, and because this research work is incremental and multi-annual, the next parts of this report are a complement to the 1st year activity report and cover an update of goals we are targeting for this PhD work, an update of our research work organization and a review of our current achievements before concluding
COMPER-Une approche par compétences pour le diagnostic, la régulation et la personnalisation. Participation du Laboratoire LHUMAIN
No full textThe aim of the COMPER project is to design models and tools to implement a competency-based approach to support learning in a personalized way. Bringing together researchers in computer science, humanities and social sciences, teachers and educational designers, this project aims to propose a model for the representation of competency repositories that will make it possible to link the pedagogical activities proposed to learners to competencies, in order to develop a competency profile for each learner. These profiles will be used to personalize learning activities and learning paths, and to help learners to regulate their learning, including motivational levers. The project is based on 3 experimental fields of different levels (school and middle school, high school, university), involving competences of varied granularity in different disciplines, in order to evaluate the genericity of the models and tools proposed. The project's contributions aim to provide answers to three major research questions: - Will having a competency framework improve the visualization tools proposed for regulating learners' learning objectives, the self-training activities they will be able to use to achieve these objectives, the computerized processes for diagnosing their competencies and those for personalizing learning? - Will the exploitation of the learner's traces of activities make it possible to improve the whole learning process by providing increased assistance to the various actors? What forms of support can be built from the traces to promote understanding of learning processes, and improvement of proposed tools and processes (visualization, personalization)? - What will be the benefit for the learners of these different tools and processes, in terms of learning and gaining autonomy?Le but du projet COMPER est de concevoir des modèles et des outils permettant de mettre en oeuvre une approche par compétences pour accompagner l’apprentissage de manière personnalisée. Rassemblant des chercheurs en informatique, en SHS et des praticiens, ce projet vise à proposer un modèle de représentation de référentiels de compétences qui permettra de lier aux compétences les activités pédagogiques proposées aux apprenants, afin d’élaborer pour chacun d'eux un profil de compétences. Ces profils seront exploités pour personnaliser les activités et les parcours d’apprentissage, ainsi que pour aider l’apprenant à réguler son apprentissage, en incluant des leviers motivationnels. Le projet s’appuie sur 3 terrains d’expérimentations de niveaux différents (école et collège, lycée, université), mettant en jeu des compétences de granularité variée dans des disciplines différentes, afin d’évaluer la généricité des modèles et outils proposés. Les contributions du projet visent à apporter des éléments de réponse à trois grandes questions de recherche : - Le fait de disposer d’un référentiel de compétences apportera-t-il une amélioration aux outils de visualisation proposés pour la régulation des objectifs d’apprentissage des apprenants, aux activités d’auto-formation qu’ils pourront utiliser pour atteindre ces objectifs, aux processus informatiques de diagnostic de leurs compétences et à ceux permettant de personnaliser l’apprentissage ? - L’exploitation des traces d'activités de l’apprenant permettra-t-elle d’améliorer l’ensemble du processus d’apprentissage, en apportant une assistance accrue aux différents acteurs ? Quelles formes de soutien est-il possible de construire à partir des traces pour favoriser la compréhension des processus d’apprentissage, et l’amélioration des outils et processus informatiques (visualisation, personnalisation) proposés ? - Quel sera le bénéfice pour les apprenants de ces différents outils, en termes d’apprentissage et de gain d’autonomie
Unintended consequences of environmental policies: the case of set-aside and agricultural intensification
No full textSet-aside policies providing agronomic and ecological benefits have been mainstream practices in European agriculture. Because they may lead to intensification on cultivated land, they can however have mixed environmental effects. To evaluate the indirect impact of a set-aside policy on crop intensification, we consider two elasticity indicators with respect to set-aside subsidy: chemical input demand and intensity of input use. We estimate a structural, multi-output micro-econometric model on a panel of French farmers from 2006 to 2010, accounting for multivariate selection on crops and land use (corner solutions). We estimate both a parametric and a more robust semi-nonparametric estimator, to detect deviations from normality and homoskedasticity. Our results show that a set-aside subsidy can provide farmers with incentives to intensify their production, leading to potential adverse environmental effects
Modeling damage in strongly heterogeneous materials with phase field: construction of meso models and topology optimization
No full textSéminaire invité, University of warwick, U.K
Statistical properties of the gravitational force in a random homogeneous medium
No full textWe discuss the statistical distribution of the gravitational (Newtonian) force exerted on a test particle in a infinite random and homogeneous gas of non-correlated particles (stars, galaxies, ...) where the first configuration of particles in space is a Poisson distribution. The exact solution is known as the Holtsmark distribution at the limit of infinite system corresponding to the number of particle N within the volume and the volume go to infinity. The statistical behavior of the gravitational force for scale comparable to the inter-distance particle can be analyzed through the combination of the n-th nearest neighbor particle contribution to the total gravitational force, which can be derived from the joint probability density of location for a set of N particles. We investigate two independent approaches to derive the joint probability density of location for a set of N neighbors using integral forms and order statistics to give a general expression of such probability distribution with generalized dimension of space d
Les conséquences de la pandémie de Covid -19 sur la sphère socio-économique et environnementale : quelle place à l'utilité commune socle de l'agilité future ?
No full textRapport scientifique intégralLe Covid-19 est une crise sanitaire d'un genre nouveau, impactant la santé, le bien-être, l'économie mondiale. Cette pandémie est le plus grand défi pour la santé de l'humanité. La nature semble reprendre ses droits, la sphère socio-économique est ébranlée, la crise n'a probablement pas montré tous ses effets. Elle nous pousse à revoir toutes nos positions de départ, la manière de concevoir la solidarité, l'humilité, l'éducation, la discipline, l'interrelation , l'utilité commune et les biens communs. Ce contexte si inédit nous pousse t-il à devenir agile
Reconstruction de dépôts à l’intérieur de générateurs de vapeur à l’aide de courants de Foucault
No full text
