Public Health Risk Assesment Journal
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Multifactorial analysis of diarrhea in children: Economic, environmental, and behavioral perspectives
Get PDFBackground: Diarrhea is a common illness among children, particularly in areas with inadequate environmental sanitation. This study seeks to examine the impact of economic status, environmental sanitation conditions, and defecation habits on the occurrence of diarrhea in children aged 5 to 11 years. Methods: The study employs an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach and includes 96 participants selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using univariate methods, bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test, and multivariate analysis with logistic regression. Findings: The findings revealed (1) a significant association between economic status and diarrhea incidence (p = 0.001); (2) a significant link between environmental sanitation and diarrhea cases (p = 0.000); (3) a notable relationship between defecation behavior and diarrhea incidence (p = 0.003); and a multivariate analysis confirmed a significant relationship between economic status, environmental sanitation, and defecation patterns with a p-value of 0.036. Conclusion: The goal is to gain deeper insights into the contributing factors of diarrhea and to support prevention and treatment strategies through economic development, sanitation awareness, and the promotion of healthy living. Novelty/Originality of this Article: This study offers an integrative analysis of economic, environmental, and behavioral factors affecting diarrhea in children, providing data-driven evidence to inform multifaceted public health interventions in sanitation-deficient areas
SMANTUB (anti tuberculosis smartwatch) integrated with spy-TBC: Early strategy for Tuberculosis eradication based on smartwatch and Aiot-Posbindu-PM-TBC (artificial intelligence of things post for infectious Tuberculosis)
Get PDFBackground: Progress in efforts to eradicate TB or Indonesia free from TB 2030 should be continued and appreciated in order to move towards a more advanced and visionary future. There is still no special application to overcome TB cases in Indonesia based on AIoT or the internet). The aim of this research is to provide an idea to eradicated TB throught health also social care with advanced technology also innovation. Methods: This article uses a literature review method and presents an innovative approach for eradicating tuberculosis through the PDCA cycle. The focus is on setting goals for progress and creating strategies to reach them. The research proposes a new innovation, Smantub, combined with technology to decrease TB cases. Findings: The "Smantub" smartwatch, integrated with Spy-TBC technology and powered by AIoT, is a cutting-edge tool for early prevention and management of tuberculosis (TB) in Indonesia. By utilizing Big Data, WebApp, and location tracking, as well as AIoT-Posbindu-PM-TBC, it can play a crucial role in reducing TB prevalence, which remains high in the country. The Smantub smartwatch aims to address health threats, prevent deaths, and control the spread of TB. With this innovative technology, Indonesia can work toward becoming TB-free by 2030, supported by the efforts of Jejamoe Café. Conclusion: Smartwatch “Smantub” can be used as a cutting-edge tool or technology in early and mature prevention efforts to reduce the prevalence of TB which is currently still high in Indonesia. Novelty/Originality of this article: Smantub helps overcome the problem of TB, especially in controlling the location of sufferers and controlling the prevention of transmission
The potential of ingestible sensors combined with family involvement interventions for medication supervision in Tuberculosis patients: A literature review
Get PDFBackground: Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne infectious disease that remains the second leading cause of death from infectious diseases globally. A major challenge in eliminating TB, despite it being preventable and curable, is the low adherence to treatment. This literature review aims to provide insights into the potential of ingestible sensors combined with family involvement interventions for medication supervision in TB patients, ensuring that medications are actually swallowed and addressing a key limitation of the previous DOT method. Methods: This study used a literature review method with the keywords "family engagement intervention", "digestible sensor", and "tuberculosis [MeSH]" to search databases such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, ResearchGate, and NCBI. Inclusion criteria included in vitro and in vivo experimental studies, cohort studies, comparative analysis studies, and reviews published in the last 10 years. Exclusion criteria included incomplete studies, inaccessible papers, and non-English/Indonesian texts. After applying these criteria, 35 journals and 1 book were selected for review and analysis. Findings: Ingestible sensors have shown over 80% effectiveness in monitoring medication adherence by providing real-time data for precise treatment adjustments. When combined with family involvement, these interventions address psychosocial barriers like stigma and lack of support, further improving adherence. This synergy significantly reduces non-compliance, prevents drug resistance, and enhances treatment outcomes for TB patients. Conclusion: Ingestible sensors combined with family involvement offer a more effective approach to TB treatment by ensuring medication is swallowed and providing psychosocial support, reducing risks of transmission, relapse, and drug resistance. However, equitable access and adequate infrastructure, supported by government and societal cooperation, are crucial for the successful implementation of this system globally. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study explores the innovative use of ingestible sensors combined with family involvement to improve TB treatment adherence, offering a novel contribution to TB management
Risk factor analysis and preventive health behavior in the control of blood glucose among patients with type II diabetes mellitus: A community-based cross-sectional study
Get PDFBackground: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Disease is rapidly increasing in Indonesia. This disease is defined as either our random blood glucose level >200 mg/dL or fasting blood glucose level >126 mg/dL. Maintaining a controllable blood glucose level (either less than 200 mg/dL for random blood glucose level or less than 126 mg/dL for fasting blood glucose level) in Type II DM patients is obviously playing an important role to avoid any complications such as stroke disease, heart disease and kidney failure. The purpose of this research is to analyze the risk factors contributing to uncontrolled blood glucose in Type II DM patients who come to visit Alak Public Health Centre, city of Kupang. Methods: This research is a quantitative analytic study with cross sectional method, with a total sample of 68 respondents. The statistical analysis carried out by Computer Program is univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. Findings: The result of this research shows significant factors contributing to uncontrolled blood glucose level are Body Mass Index (BMI) p value=0.003, patients compliance (p value=0.003), Knowledge of DM (p value=0.011), Regular Physical Activity (p value=0.000), Food Order (p value=0.024), Smoking (p value=0.524) and family support (p value=0.077). The dominant factor which has more significant effect on uncontrolled blood glucose level in Type II DM patients is regular physical activity (p value=0.001). Conclusion: Uncontrolled blood glucose in Type II DM patients is strongly influenced by multiple behavioral and lifestyle factors, with regular physical activity being the most dominant. Strengthening patient education, compliance, and health promotion at the primary care level is essential to improve glycemic control and prevent complications. Novelty/Originality of this article: In order to maintain controlled blood glucose level in Type II DM patients it is suggested that all health workers in public health centre pay more promotive measure to risk factors affecting the bllood glucose in Type II DM patients with effective medias and methods
Quality of life of children with HIV/AIDS in meeting their developmental stages based on WHOQOL-100
Get PDFBackground: The number of HIV/AIDS children in Indonesia is rising, impacting their low quality of life. World Health Organization Quality of Life-100 (WHOQOL-100) is necessary to assess their life perceptions. Improving their quality of life requires a lifespan perspective to understand their development. This study aims to describe HIV/AIDS children's quality of life using WHOQOL- 100 and how it aligns with their developmental stages. Methods: This study employs a literature review method, as defined by Knopf (2006), to synthesize existing research on the quality of life of children with HIV/AIDS. It follows Neuman’s (2014) process of identifying, filtering, and analyzing relevant studies using WHOQOL-100 as a framework. The review focuses on journals from 2014-2024, selecting studies that involve children under 21, to draw broad conclusions and identify gaps in research. Findings: The findings reveal that children with HIV/AIDS have issues such as pain, poor nutrition, sleep problems, cognitive issues, low self-esteem, and caregiver burden. Early ART treatment, strategies against social stigma, good financial management, adequate healthcare access, and spiritual support are crucial for the children with HIV/AIDS. Inadequate caregiving, financial oversight, mismatched spiritual support, social stigma, and health issues hinder their development. Conclusion: Social support from caregivers and government health services play a crucial role in improving the quality of life for children with HIV/AIDS. However, not all children meet their developmental stages, highlighting the need for caregiver support, peer interactions, and consistent health services. Novelty/Originality of this Study: This study offers a unique perspective on the quality of life of HIV/AIDS-affected children in Indonesia by utilizing the WHOQOL-100 to explore how developmental stages influence their well-being, highlighting the importance of early treatment, caregiver support, and addressing social stigma in enhancing their quality of life
EmoTrack headset and smart application: An integrated solution for emotional regulation and mental health support in Indonesia’s 5.0 modernization era
Get PDFBackground: Mental health issues are increasingly prevalent in Indonesia, with limited resources, social stigma, and insufficient community awareness posing barriers to effective management. Methods: This study introduces the EmoTrack Headset-App, a novel, integrated self-therapy device combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and binaural beat technology to support mental health and emotional regulation. This solution enables real-time mental health monitoring and offers tailored interventions through a wearable headset linked to a smartphone application. Data collection involved a literature review and device prototyping to assess the feasibility and potential impact of EmoTrack. Findings: Results indicate that tDCS and binaural beats enhance emotional stability and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. Additionally, the app's community feature facilitates user engagement, helping to destigmatize mental health issues and encouraging shared experiences. Conclusions: The EmoTrack system has the potential to revolutionize mental health care by improving access to preventive and therapeutic support in Indonesia. Novelty/Originality of this article: This innovation uniquely combines tDCS and binaural beats within a single device, presenting a pioneering tool that addresses mental health and emotional regulation in a wearable, user-friendly format
Health risk assessment of indoor air quality and its association with sick building syndrome symptoms among workers
Get PDFBackground: Poor indoor air quality can harm human health. A closed indoor work environment and an inadequate ventilation system can increase the risk of sick building syndrome symptoms. This study aims to analyze the most significant risk factors with symptoms of sick building syndrome in workers at PT X. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional study design, and the data was processed with the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression tests with a sample of all production area workers at PT X. A total of 91 workers included in this study. Carbon monoxide, temperature, humidity, PM10 and formaldehyde were measured using a particle counter and wind speed was measured using an anemometer. Measurements were taken at 17 different points. Findings: The results showed that 85 out of 91 workers (93.4%) experienced symptoms of sick building syndrome. There is a relationship between temperature (p-value=0.013) and wind speed (p-value=0.031) symptoms of sick building syndrome. The most dominant variable is the formaldehyde (POR=0.457). Conclusion: It is concluded that the variables associated with symptoms of sick building syndrome are temperature and wind speed, with formaldehyde being the most dominant. The company is advised to monitor indoor air quality regularly and improve the ventilation system at the production area. Novelty/Originality of this Study: This study provides valuable insights into the relationship between environmental factors such as temperature, wind speed, and formaldehyde with sick building syndrome symptoms in a production environment, highlighting the need for regular indoor air quality monitoring and improved ventilation systems to safeguard worker health
Analysis of waste generation characteristics as a reference for TPS 3R planning in community-based waste management efforts
Get PDFBackground: Waste management is a critical issue in Indonesia, particularly in rural areas like Pandansari Lor Village in Malang Regency. Improper waste disposal practices, such as open burning and dumping in rivers, pose environmental and health hazards. This study aims to analyze the waste generation characteristics in Pandansari Lor Village as a baseline for planning a community-based Reduce, Reuse, Recycl waste processing site/Tempat Pengolahan Sampah Reduce, Reuse, Recycle (TPS 3R). Method: A waste sampling method was conducted following the SNI 19-3964-1994 guidelines to measure the waste generation rate, density, and composition. Findings: Household waste data analysis shows that low-income households generate 39.1% of the total waste, while middle and high income households contribute 28.7% and 32.2%, respectively. The amount of waste per day was recorded at 9.73 kg on Friday for low income households, while for middle and high income households, the highest amount of waste occurred on Monday with 8.56 kg and 9.09 kg, respectively. Conclusion: These findings indicate fluctuations in waste generation patterns based on income levels, with certain days producing larger amounts of waste. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study proposes a 3R TPS model adapted to rural waste, focusing on organic waste composting and plastic recycling. This model is designed to increase community participation in waste management through community-based education and empowerment
The application of PPE at the Juanda meteorological station (BMKG)
Get PDFThe application of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) at the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) is an important step in maintaining employees’ safety and health in their work environment. Even though BMKG is not involved in heavy industrial activities, there are still potential hazards and risks that need to be addressed in carrying out meteorological, climatological, and geophysical tasks. This study aims to describe the importance of implementing PPE in the BMKG environment, especially the Aviation Meteorological Station, where we took a case study at the Juanda Meteorological Station. First, we identify potential hazards that may be faced by BMKG employees, such as radiation risk, potential for hazardous gas explosions or fires, extreme weather conditions, and risks of physical injury. In the face of these risks, the use of proper PPE can help protect employees from hazardous exposures, and gas explosions and prevent injury. Next, we discuss the factors that need to be considered in implementing PPE at the BMKG. This includes a comprehensive risk assessment, identification of appropriate PPE for specific hazards, training of employees on the use and care of PPE, and regular monitoring and maintenance of the PPE used. Therefore, by implementing the Occupational Health and Safety Management System, in this case, the application of PPE, BMKG can ensure that employees have a safe and healthy work environment, reduce the risk of work accidents, and comply with applicable regulations and standards related to work safety
The Impact of iron tablet administration and nutritional counseling: Hemoglobin level improvement in anemic pregnant women
Get PDFObjective: According to the 2013 Riskesdas, the prevalence of anemia in Indonesia was 37.1%. Data from the Pariaman City Health Office showed that the prevalence of anemia in 2014 was 43.1%. This study aims to determine the effect of iron (Fe) tablets and nutritional counseling on hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with anemia in the Pariaman City area in 2016. Methods: This study is a quantitative study using a quasi-experimental design. The study population consisted of third-trimester pregnant women with anemia, divided into two groups: the Fe tablet group (n=20) and the Fe tablet plus nutritional counseling group (n=20). Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the Dependent T-Test statistical test. Results: The results showed that the average knowledge score in the Fe group was 0.3, while in the Fe plus nutritional counseling group it was 1.4. The average change in knowledge scores between the two groups showed a significant increase (p=0.002). The average attitude score in the Fe group was 2.15, while in the Fe plus nutritional counseling group it was 2.75. The average change in attitude scores between the two groups was not significant (p=0.205). The average action score in the Fe group was 1.050, while in the Fe plus nutritional counseling group it was 2.7. The average change in action scores between the two groups showed a significant increase (p=0.002). The average difference in hemoglobin levels in the Fe group was 0.280, while in the Fe plus nutritional counseling group it was 0.690. The average change in hemoglobin levels between the two groups showed a significant increase (p=0.008). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the provision of Fe supplementation and nutritional counseling results in a higher increase in hemoglobin levels compared to Fe tablets alone. It is hoped that nutritionists in the field will be more active in providing nutritional counseling to pregnant women with anemia to increase their knowledge about anemia. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study proposes an integrated nutritional intervention model combining Fe tablets with a community-based interactive nutritional counselling program. This model can increase the effectiveness of anaemia control programs in pregnant women by combining supplementation and education