Public Health Risk Assesment Journal
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METAPREV: Holistic empowerment program for nursing homes integrated with a website to reduce metabolic syndrome in the elderly
No full textBackground: Panti Werdha Hargo Dedali Surabaya is a social welfare institution for the elderly established in 1987, located at Jalan Manyar Kartika IX, Sukolilo, Surabaya, East Java. The institution faces serious challenges, where the initial screening of 29 elderly residents revealed a high incidence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) indicators, aggravated by the absence of a structured program supporting a healthy lifestyle. Methods: Its implementation methodology utilizes the CBPR approach, comprising: 1) Coordination with partners, 2) Validation of partner need, 3) Creation of intervention media, 4) Activity implementation, and 5) Evaluation and cadres. Findings: The results of the Metaprev program are highly significant: the elderly experienced an improvement in health categories, with an increase in MS knowledge (93%) and TOGA processing skills (98%), alongside the establishment of new routine exercises and yoga. The Metaprev Website now functions optimally as a user-friendly monitoring tool. Sustainability is ensured through the formation of 7 Meta SEHAT Cadres. Conclusion: The Metaprev program successfully reduced the risk of metabolic syndrome and empowered older adults through integrated health education, digital monitoring, and sustainability led by healthcare professionals. This comprehensive approach provides a replicable and effective model for improving geriatric preventive care and promoting healthy aging in social welfare institutions. Novelty/Originality of this article: Metaprev is proven effective in significantly improving the healthy lifestyle and reducing the rate of Metabolic Syndrome
Effectiveness of the 6-month BPaLM regimen in a patient with rifampicin-monoresistant tuberculosis
Get PDFBackground: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis and remains a global health problem, including in Indonesia. Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (TB) (RR-TB) is a form of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in which Mycobacterium tuberculosis only shows resistance to rifampicin, without resistance to isoniazid or other first-line drugs. The combination of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (TB RO) treatment regimens greatly influences the effectiveness of TB RO patient treatment management. The purpose of this study was to see the effectiveness of the 6-month BPaLM regimen in a patient with rifampicin-monoresistant tuberculosis in Sabu Raijua Regional Hospital, Sabu Raijua Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. Methods: This type of research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach to see the effectiveness of the 6-month BPaLM regimen in a patient with rifampicin-monoresistant tuberculosis at Sabu Raijua Regional Hospital in 1 case treated from the beginning of treatment (baseline), monthly follow-up and until the end of treatment. Findings: The study results show that the BPaLM regimen is highly effective in eradicating RR-TB in patients in areas with limited facilities, such as the 3T (terpencil, terluar, dan tertinggal/ disadvantaged, frontier, and outermost) areas. Multidisciplinary clinical, laboratory, and radiological monitoring are key to successful therapy, including early detection of side effects and ensuring adherence. Therefore, this 6-month BPaLM regimen is highly effective in assisting in the management of RR-TB treatment. Conclusion: In conclusion, the 6-month BPaLM regimen demonstrates high effectiveness in treating rifampicin-monoresistant tuberculosis (RR-TB), even in limited-resource settings such as disadvantaged, frontier, and outermost areas. Comprehensive multidisciplinary monitoring is essential to ensure treatment success and patient adherence. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides new evidence of the successful implementation of the 6-month BPaLM regimen for rifampicin-monoresistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) in a remote, limited-resource setting (disadvantaged, frontier, and outermost area), demonstrating its practicality and effectiveness beyond controlled or urban healthcare environments
Diagnostic accuracy of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for dengue virus detection in serum: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFBackground: Rapid and accurate diagnosis of dengue virus (DENV) infection remains a challenge in endemic areas. Current gold standard methods have several limitations and are often unsuitable for resource-limited settings. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) offers a rapid, cost-effective, and field-adaptable alternative. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of LAMP for detecting DENV infection in human serum samples. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Taylor & Francis, and Wiley databases up to July 2025. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated to assess the diagnostic performance of LAMP. Meta-DiSC 1.4 was used for analysis, and methodological quality was evaluated using the QUADAS-2 tool. Meta-regression was performed to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. Findings: Five studies involving 807 samples were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled meta-analysis results were as follows: sensitivity 0.83 (95% CI: 0.80–0.85), specificity 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91–0.98), PLR 14.31 (95% CI: 7.82–26.20), NLR 0.15 (95% CI: 0.07–0.31), and DOR 103.30 (95% CI: 23.13–461.42). The summary of AUC was 0.9633, indicating good diagnostic accuracy. Meta-regression showed no significant effect of study design, sample size, geographic region, cross-reactivity testing, or reference standard on diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion: LAMP provides a highly accurate and reliable method for DENV detection in human serum, suitable for both clinical and field use. Its routine implementation may improve dengue outbreak management and surveillance in endemic areas. Novelty/Originality of this article: This is the first meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of LAMP for DENV detection in human serum. By synthesizing evidence from multiple studies, it provides stronger statistical power than individual reports and highlights the robustness of LAMP across diverse settings
The collaborative research and education system on poultry and eggs (CRESCOVA) to achieve balanced nutrition and prevent stunting
No full textBackground: Stunting remains one of Indonesia’s most critical public-health challenges, affecting child growth, cognitive development, and long-term human-capital productivity. Despite national efforts to accelerate stunting reduction, gaps persist in dietary diversity, nutrition literacy, and integration between health and agricultural sectors. Poultry and eggs—nutrient-dense, affordable, and widely acceptable—represent a strategic yet underutilized entry point for improving child nutrition. This study aims to synthesize interdisciplinary evidence and develop the CRESCOVA (Collaborative Research and Education System on Poultry and Eggs) framework as an innovative model that integrates nutrition education, small-scale poultry practices, and community empowerment to support Indonesia’s stunting-reduction agenda. Method: This research employed a qualitative descriptive literature-review design. A systematic search was conducted across Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, DOAJ, Google Scholar, FAO, WHO, UNICEF, World Bank, Kemenkes, and BKKBN repositories (2019–2025), supplemented with foundational meta-analyses. A total of 52 eligible sources were analyzed using narrative thematic synthesis, covering nutrition-sensitive agriculture, animal-source foods, community-based education, and cross-sector collaboration. Extracted themes were integrated to construct the CRESCOVA conceptual model and validated against national policies and global development frameworks. Finding: Results show consistent evidence that egg and poultry consumption significantly improves linear growth and dietary adequacy among children, while participatory nutrition education enhances caregiver behavior. Cross-sector interventions linking health, education, and agriculture demonstrate greater impact than fragmented programs. Based on these findings, the CRESCOVA model offers a scalable, context-appropriate framework that strengthens household capacity, promotes women’s empowerment, and aligns with SDG 2 and SDG 3 to improve food security and child nutrition outcomes. Conclusion: CRESCOVA provides a practical strategy to operationalize multisectoral stunting-reduction efforts through integrated education and poultry-based learning. Further field implementation and evaluation are recommended to assess feasibility across Indonesia’s diverse regions. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study introduces the CRESCOVA framework as a novel socio-technical intervention that specifically bridges the gap between nutrition-sensitive agriculture and public health education in the Indonesian context
Smart candy as a salivary pH indicator for early detection of dental caries risk in children with family-based preventive approach: A literature review
Get PDFBackground: Dental caries is a multifactorial pathological condition and highly prevalent non-communicable disease, particularly in children, with significant impacts on health and quality of life. Early detection remains challenging due to invasive, clinic-based methods that are often inaccessible to children. This literature review aims to explore the potential of smart candy as a salivary pH indicator combined with a family-based preventive, offering a child-friendly and community-based strategy to support early caries prevention in alignment with national and global oral health goals. Methods: This study utilized a literature review method with the keywords “dental caries in children”, “family-based preventive”, and “smart candy [MeSH]” to explore databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, and NCBI. Inclusion criteria included in vitro and in vivo experimental studies, cohort studies, comparative analysis studies, and reviews published in the last 10 years. Exclusion criteria included incomplete studies, inaccessible papers, and non-English or Indonesian texts. Based on these criteria, 50 references were selected including journals and books for review. Findings: Smart candy has shown the effectiveness as salivary pH-indicator tool that facilitates early detection of dental caries risk by providing real-time visual cues based on salivary pH changes. When integrated with a family-based approach, it helps overcome psychosocial barriers and improves adherence to preventive oral health behaviors in children. Conclusion: Smart candy is a child-friendly innovation that detects early dental caries through salivary pH-based visual cues, supporting preventive care and empowering families, especially in underserved areas. Despite challenges like regulation and supervision, government-backed community integration could boost its impact and support national and global oral health goals. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study explores smart candy as a child-friendly innovation for early caries detection. Combined with family-based prevention, it offers a new approach to reduce dental caries in children
Optimizing diabetic retinopathy therapy with precision medicine: Can we do that in Indonesia?
Get PDFBackground: Diabetes is one of the most common diseases in the world, including in Indonesia. High blood sugar levels in diabetics can cause various complications, one of which is diabetic retinopathy. The treatment used in diabetic retinopathy does not fully provide the desired therapeutic effect in all patients. Therefore, a study was conducted on the prescription drug approach to optimize diabetic retinopathy therapy. Methods: This narrative review was conducted by searching articles that discuss three main focuses, including (1) why precision medicine (PM) can be implemented in diabetic retinopathy (DR); (2) the application, benefits, and components of PM for DR; and (3) challenges in its implementation in Indonesia. The included articles are articles published in national and international journals between 2014 and 2025. Findings: This study reveals that diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes whose development can be influenced by genetic and environmental factors of the patient. Precision medicine can be applied in determining the best therapy for diabetic retinopathy by analyzing the clinical condition history, molecular and biochemical biomarkers of patients using artificial intelligence or machine learning. Conclusion: optimization of diabetic retinopathy therapy can be done with a precision medicine approach by analyzing genetic factors and patient environmental factors. However, there are still some challenges in its application in Indonesia including health service disparities, regulatory issues, technology, costs, and human resources. To develop precision medicine in Indonesia, Indonesia should develop equitable distribution in health services, conduct policy and research more on DM and PM, and collaborate with other countries. This narrative review has several limitations: literature search was limited to 3 database sources, we did not assess the quality of the articles, and implementation steps and solutions for PM implementation in Indonesia are only discussed in general, not specifically for DR. Future research can be carried out by discussing in more depth the specific steps of PM implementation for DR. Novelty/Originality of this article: Although personalized medicine has been in the spotlight in the global. Novelty/Originality of this article: Although personalized medicine has been in the spotlight in the global medical world, its specific application in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy in a country with limited resources and diverse demographics such as Indonesia is still not widely explored. The originality lies in adapting precision medicine as a high-tech solution for diabetic retinopathy, which is one of the public health challenges
Effectiveness of herbal toothpaste with Ambon Banana tree sap extract (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum) on inhibiting the growth of streptococcus mutans serotype-d (omz-176) bacteria
Get PDFBackground: This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of Ambon banana stem sap extract against Streptococcus mutans serotype-d (OMZ-176) and to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of toothpaste formulated with Ambon banana stem sap extract, along with its antibacterial activity against S. mutans serotype-d (OMZ-176). Methods: This study involved the extraction of Ambon banana stem sap, its phytochemical and antibacterial testing, and the formulation of herbal toothpaste. Quality tests included homogeneity, viscosity, pH, foaming, and spreadability. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and ANOVA to assess effectiveness and product quality. Findings: The research employed an experimental method on a laboratory scale. Ambon banana stem sap extract inhibited the growth of S. mutans at concentrations of 600 mg/mL and 700 mg/mL, with inhibition zone diameters of 9.405 ± 0.0613 mm and 10.623 ± 0.0044 mm, respectively. Toothpaste containing Ambon banana stem sap extract at a concentration of 600 mg/mL exhibited characteristics of a creamy color, thick consistency, homogeneity, a pH of 9.4, foam height of 0.8 cm, viscosity of 196.58 dPa·s, and a spreadability of 3.65 cm. Meanwhile, toothpaste with a 700 mg/mL extract concentration had a brownish color, thick consistency, homogeneity, a pH of 9.43, foam height of 0.5 cm, viscosity of 196.65 dPa·s, and a spreadability of 3.38 cm. Both toothpaste formulations at 600 mg/mL and 700 mg/mL were effective in inhibiting the growth of S. mutans, with inhibition zone diameters of 13.6233 ± 0.8519 mm and 11.565 ± 0.8674 mm, respectively, categorized as strong inhibition. Novelty/Originality of this Study:This study presents an innovative approach to oral health by using Ambon banana stem sap as a fluoride alternative, showing strong antibacterial properties and offering a safer, natural option for effective oral care
Innovative utilization of chicken feet bones (Gallus gallus domesticus) and mung beans (Vigna radiata) in crackers: A sustainable nutritional approach to combat childhood malnutrition
Get PDFBackground: Malnutrition leads to weakened immunity, making children more susceptible to infectious diseases and affecting future generations if not promptly addressed. Chicken feet bones (Gallus gallus domesticus) are a food waste product rich in calcium, while mung beans (Vigna radiata) are high in vitamins and minerals, making them potential sources of additional nutrition. This study aims to investigate the processing of Hi-C Crackers using chicken feet bones and mung beans, analyze its macronutrient content qualitatively, and determine its calcium content qualitatively. Methods: This experimental research involved processing Hi-C Crackers and analyzing their nutritional composition qualitatively. Findings: Hi-C Crackers were successfully processed using a 2:1 ratio of chicken feet bones to mung beans. The macronutrient content was determined using qualitative reagent tests: Lugol's iodine test for carbohydrates (blue-black color), Biuret test for protein (purple color), and Benedict’s test for glucose (greenish-blue color). Calcium content was confirmed using ammonium oxalate and acetic acid reagents, producing a brownish-white precipitate. Conclusion: Hi-C Crackers is a nutritious snack with essential macronutrients and calcium. Novelty: This research introduces a new food innovation utilizing commonly discarded ingredients to combat malnutrition
The relationship between host behavior and environmental sanitation with the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers
Get PDFBackground: Diarrhea is a disease transmitted through water and is a major problem in developing countries, including Indonesia. This study aims to determine the relationship between host behavior and environmental sanitation with the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers in the working area of the Makrayu Health Center, Palembang City. Methods: This quantitative research uses a cross-sectional design with a total sample of 68 toddlers. Data analysis was performed univariately, bivariate using chi-square and multivariate multiple logistic regression prediction models. Findings: Based on data from the Makrayu Community Health Center, Palembang City, 2022, the prevalence of diarrhea in toddlers is 28.9%. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that the most significant variable on the incidence of diarrhea in children under five was the habit of washing hands (p-value 0.012) after controlling for the variables of processing, provision, and serving of food, quality of latrines, and waste disposal facilities. Host behavior and poor environmental sanitation can cause rapid transmission of diarrhea. Therefore, people are advised to pay attention to small things with big meanings by always practicing a clean and healthy life to avoid germs that cause disease. Conclusion: The analysis results show a relationship between the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers and food processing, provision and serving, hand washing habits, and garbage disposal facilities. In contrast, the source of clean water, latrines' quality, and garbage disposal have no significant relationship with the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers in the work area. Makrayu Health Center Palembang City. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study uniquely identifies handwashing behavior as the most influential factor in toddler diarrhea incidence after controlling for key environmental sanitation variables
Transformational leadership style to improve the performance of health workers at penfui health center and bakunase health center
Get PDFBackground: Transformational leadership style is a way used by a leader in influencing, directing, encouraging and controlling subordinates in order to achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively which has the ability to inspire and motivate followers for mutual success. Based on an initial survey conducted at the Bakunase Health Center and Penfui Health Center, it appears that the style used by leaders is the interaction of leaders with their subordinates, but the transformation style has not been applied optimally so that it can be seen from 10 health workers, 2 of them have low performance. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between transformational leadership style and the performance of health workers at Bakunase Health Center and Penfui Health Center. Methods: This study employs a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach, utilizing purposive sampling to select 100 healthcare workers. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. Findings: The findings reveal a significant relationship between transformational leadership and healthcare worker performance, with a p-value of 0.000 (p<0.05). These results indicate that transformational leadership is an essential factor in improving healthcare service quality and workforce efficiency. Conclusion: The study concludes that implementing transformational leadership practices can enhance nurse performance and healthcare service delivery. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this research lies in its empirical demonstration of the direct impact of transformational leadership on healthcare worker performance in a community health center setting, reinforcing the importance of leadership development in public health institutions