Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews
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Analysis in Materials Science by Predicting Concrete Compressive Strength Using Machine Learning
Full text linkFuture developments in materials science engineering will be greatly influenced by the application of machine learning for determining the properties of concrete, especially its compressive strength. This research predicts the compressive strength of concrete with eight independent variables, including cement, blast furnace slag, fly ash, water, superplasticizer, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and age using supervised machine learning (ML) techniques of linear regression (LR) and light gradient boosting machine (LGBM). The ML models are fed a total of 1030 datasets using a 70:30 split ratio for training and testing. Performance metrics like R2 , MAE, MSE, and RMSE are used to assess how well the ML models are in making predictions. From the research, the LR model (R2 value of 0.607) is less effective than the LGBM model (R2 value of 0.920) in predicting compressive strength. Furthermore, feature importance predicted by LGBM shows that the cement content (2331), fine aggregate (2200), and coarse aggregate (2076) all significantly influence the prediction of concrete compressive strengt
Meta-cognition-Driven Problem Solving in Physics Education
Full text linkBackground: Meta-cognition, introduced by John H. Flavell, involves awareness and regulation of cognitive processes. In physics education, it plays a critical role in improving problem-solving skills through strategies like planning, monitoring, and evaluation.
Purpose: This study examines how meta-cognitive strategies enhance problem-solving skills in physics, exploring their impact on fostering critical thinking and reflective learning.
Methods: The research synthesizes literature and educational practices, analyzing targeted interventions to improve meta-cognitive awareness. Steps of problem-solving include understanding the problem, recalling knowledge, planning, monitoring, and evaluating.
Results: Findings indicate that meta-cognitive strategies enhance students’ ability to tackle complex physics problems,fostering self-regulation and critical thinking.
Conclusions: The integration of meta-cognitive strategies in physics classrooms empowers students to achieve effective and meaningful learning outcomes. Educators are encouraged to adopt these strategies to promote reflective and critical learning
Rare Earth Doped Nanophosphors: A Detailed Systematic Review of Recent Progress
No full textBackground: Rare Earth Doped Nanophosphors, with their distinct properties compared to bulk materials, have become a significant focus in nanotechnology research. Various synthesis methods, including solid-state reaction, sol-gel, and combustion, have been explored. However, challenges such as high processing temperatures, extended durations, and issues like luminescence degradation or agglomeration persist, highlighting the need for optimized approaches.
Purpose: This study systematically reviews the characteristics of nanophosphors synthesized using the combustion method, providing a comprehensive overview.
Methods: This review systematically analyzes nanophosphors synthesized via the combustion method. The methodology involves evaluating the effects of key synthesis parameters, such as fuel type, oxidizer flow rates, and precursor solution concentration, on particle characteristics. The combustion method’s ability to provide a high-temperature environment and produce hollow-free nanophosphors is highlighted, offering insights into the tunability of size, morphology, and luminescence properties.
Results: The review examines the impact of dopant type, mole percentage, and codopants on the photoluminescence intensity of nanophosphors. It was observed that while dopant concentration does not alter the shape, morphology, or emission spectra, these properties can be enhanced by incorporating fluxes. Additionally, the dopant’s mole percentage significantly influences the emission intensity of the phosphors.
Conclusions: This review analyzes over 45 papers from the last 15-20 years, focusing on rare-earth ion-doped nanophosphors synthesized using the combustion method. The study provides an in-depth examination of key characteristics such as particle size, crystalline size, surface morphology, and photoluminescence transitions
Numerical Simulation of Shell Model Single Particle Energy States using Matrix Numerov Method in Gnumeric Worksheet
Full text linkSingle particle energy states as described by the nuclear shell model are obtained for doubly magic nuclei using a Gnumeric worksheet environment. The Numerov method rephrased in matrix form is utilized to solve the Time-Independent Schrödinger Equation (TISE) within mean-field approximation, described by Woods-Saxon (WS) potential along with the spin-orbit term, to obtain the single-particle energies for both neutron and proton states. The WS model parameters are chosen from previous simulation results performed using matrix methods technique involving sine basis, where optimization was done w.r.t available experimental single-particle energies for 208Pb and 20Ca. In this paper, only the algorithm parameters, step size ‘h’ and matrix size ‘N’ are optimized to obtain the expected energy level sequence obtained using matrix methods. An attempt is made, by incorporating this tool within the framework of guided inquiry strategy (a constructivist approach to learning), to actively engage the students in assigning appropriate J π configurations for ground states of nuclei neighboring the doubly magic ones. It has been observed that the ground state configurations could be better predicted when energy level sequences are known for all nuclei as compared to what is usually obtained from that of 208Pb alone
Environmental Disclosure and Share Price Performance
No full textBackground: Businesses are working to create sustainability plans and give investors non-financial data reports that capture other aspects that aren’t covered in regular financial reports because they now have a broader perspective than just making a profit. This study underscores the importance of addressing the environmental and social disclosure and share price performance of firms in Nigeria.
Purpose: The objective of the study was to investigate whether environmental reporting, social reporting, governance reporting and environmental and social governance have significant effect on share price performance of listed conglomerate firms in Nigeria.
Methods: The secondary source of data collection was adopted in the study where the purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample size of ten (10) selected firms for the study. Least Square regression analysis was used in this study price performance of listed conglomerate firms in Nigeria.
Results: The findings revealed that social reporting have no significant effect on share price performance whileenvironmental reporting, governance reporting environmental and social governance has significant effect on share
Conclusions: It was concluded that the since environment where human being lives are being distorted with substances that are dangerous to his life, the need for sustainability has resulted in the appearance of various international organizations expressing a range of attitudes that guide and direct human dealings with the environment. Finally, it was recommended that there is need for investors and analysts to utilize indicators that factor the social and environmental issues into context prior to investment advice or decisions
Evaluation of Radioactivity in Tailings From Niobium Mining
Full text linkThis study evaluates the radioactivity of niobium tailings, based on barite and magnetite concentrates, collected from the exploration of niobium in Araxa city (MG), Brazil. The research is part of a study aimed at using mineral wastes as raw materials for production of cementitious mortars in construction industry. Initially, the samples were monitored using a GM type detector, Gamma spectrometry analysis using a NaI(Tl) detector registered the presence of 214Bi and 208Tl above the background radiation in both, samples. Using a HPGe detector, it was possible to calculate the concentrations of 226Ra and 228Ra in the barite and magnetite samples, the results were 0.24 ± 0.004 and 0.80 ± 0.003 Bq/g and 0.17 ± 0.01 and 0.87 ± 0.01 Bq/g respectively. The analyses of the results obtained from NAA techniques showed uranium concentration of 5 ± 1μg/g and 12 ± 2μg/g and thorium concentration of 70 ± 1 and 137 ± 2μg/g for barite and magnetite, respectively. The results show that the niobium tailings collected from the mining in Araxá does not represent a radioactivity risk of exposure dose to the public in accordance to the reference values of National Agency CNEN NN 3.01, 2014. Nevertheless, the presence of 226Ra should be investigated, as it is a source of radon gas exhalation, which can be a risk factor in using these mineral tailing as construction materials.
Keywords: Radioactivity of niobium tailings, Araxa niobium exploitation, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Radioactive waste managemen
Effect of Various Reducing Agents On ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesis
No full textIn this study, ZnO nanoparticles are prepared by using sol-gel method. This method is used by many researchers because of its case of use, easily availability of apparatus, low cost and it is easy to perform. The aim of this research is to study the size of ZnO nanoparticles using different reducing agents like NaOH NH3OH or Triton X-100. The used chemicals are highly pure with AR grade. The precipitates were formed and annealed at a temperature of approx.10000C.The precipitate was collected and characterized by XRD analysis to calculate the crystalline size of the nanoparticles. Nanosized ZnO powder was successfully synthesized and XRD analysis reveal that crystalline size is independent of different reducing agents at 10000C. Also, the results obtained show that the sol-gel method can produce good-quality ZnO particles by using any reducing agents.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, sol-gel, XR
SELF GENERATING n-TUPLES
Full text linkBackground: The Pythagorean triple based on Pythagorean Theorem, were known in to ancient Babylon and Egypt. The interrelation of the three was known as far back as thousands of years, but it was Pythagoras who explicitly explained their equation.Purpose: Different methods have been put forth by the mathematicians for generation of Pythagorean’s triple and n-tuples but this paper provides a unique method how these get self-generated by use of simple algebraic expansions.Methods: An algebraic quantity (a+b) squared equals to (a-b) squared plus 4ab and if a or b is assigned such a value that makes 4ab a whole square, then (a+b), (a-b) and under root of 4ab turns Pythagorean’s triple. Similarly, utilizing such algebraic identities, Pythagorean’s quadruple up to n-tuples can be generated. If (a+b) is squared, it provides a squared plus b squared plus 2ab. If quantity 2ab is transformed to a whole square on account of assigning values to a or b, then Pythagorean’s quadruples are obtained. Results: Assigning specific values to the terms of simple algebraic identities results in the generation of Pythagorean triples and n-tuples.Conclusions: This paper presents empirical research in which algebraic identities are utilized, resulting in the self-generation of Pythagorean n-tuples. Specific formulas need not be applied, as basic algebraic identities are well known to scholars and students alike.
Keywords: Pythagorean’s triples, Quadruples, Quintuple
Estimation of Soil Porosity in Parts of Karnataka and Kerala by Gamma-Ray Attenuation Method
Full text linkBackground: Soil porosity () is a prime factor in environmental studies as pore spaces govern water and oxygen flow in the soil.Purpose: Soil porosity has an impact on the durability and structural performance of cement pastes, mortars, and concretes by affecting the strength and mass transport processes. An exemplary determination of this is essential due to the inevitability of this physical property in numerous fields of natural science. Methods: In this study gamma ray attenuation method was used for the examination.137Cs was used for the mass attenuation process. The mass attenuation coefficient of dry samples was calculated from the transmission measurements.Results: The porosity was obtained by using the values of mass attenuation, thickness of sample, soil particle density. Porosity for different thickness of the sample was calculated. The results of the five sample have variance which shows each sample was calculated. The results of the sample have its own characteristics. Conclusions: Porosity values succors one in constructions and agriculture. The result obtained is found to be satisfactory.
Keywords: Mass attenuation, prime factor in environmental studies, Gamma-Ray Attenuation, Soil porosity
An Intercomparison Exercise Between EGSnrc and MCNPX for Validation of New egs kerma User Code
No full textBackground: The “Case 1” exercise described in the TG report 195 of the American Association of Physicists inMedicine was used. This exercise aims to verify the material attenuation of a filter of aluminum and the half andquarter-value layer calculations.Purpose: The objective of this work was to perform an intercom-parison exercise using two Monte Carlo codes,MCNPX and EGSnrc, and its recently released egs kerma user code.Method: A collimated X-ray source was considered for two mono-energetic (30 and 100 keV) and two X-ray spectra(30 kVp Mo/Mo and 100 kVp W/Al) beams.Results: The HVL and QVL results obtained using both MC codes were compared to the results provided by the TG195. The average percentage deviations obtained between the results and the published by TG 195 were less than 1%for both sources.Conclusions: The results obtained between the MC codes were used to validate the newly released egs kerma usercode, which compared to cavity user code results have shown no differences.
Keywords: Computational Modelling, Monte Carlo Simulation, egs kerma, TG 195, EGSnrc, MCNPX