Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA
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Probing Prompting Improves Junior High School Students' Mathematical Reasoning During the Implementation of Community Activities Restrictions
Abstract: This research aims to determine the effect of using the probing-prompting technique in significantly improving students' mathematical reasoning abilities in class and to determine students' responses to the application of the probing-prompting technique in mathematics learning during the implementation of restrictions on community activities (PPKM). In this research, quasi-experimental research was used, a Nonequivalent Control Group Design research design. The research was conducted in the odd semester of the 2021-2022 academic year with a population of all class VIII students. The experimental class that received mathematics learning using the Probing Prompting learning model experienced a significant increase with a positive response in mathematics learning during the implementation of restrictions on community activities (PPKM) with a value of 0.70 in the high improvement category. Meanwhile, the control class with the usual learning model experienced an increase of 0.41 with a moderate increase. Keywords: ordinary learning, ppkm, probing prompting, reasoning Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan teknik probing-prompting dalam peningkatan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa dikelas secara signifikan dan untuk mengetahui respon siswa terhadap penerapan teknik probing-prompting dalam pembelajaran matematika pada masa pemberlakuan pembatasan kegiatan masyarakat (PPKM). Dalam penelitian ini digunakan penelitian kuasi eksperimen, desain penelitian Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Penelitian dilakukan pada semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2021-2022 dengan populasi dalam seluruh siswa kelas VIII. Kelas eksperimen yang mendapat pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Probing Prompting mengalami peningkatan signifikan dengan respon yang positif dalam pembelajaran matematika pada masa pemberlakuan pembatasan kegiatan masyarakat (PPKM) dengan nilai sebesar 0,70 kategori peningkatan tinggi. Sedangkan kelas kontrol dengan model pembelajaran biasa mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0,41 dengan peningkatan sedang. Kata kunci: pembelajaran biasa, penalaran, ppkm, probing prompting DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jpmipa/v24i4.pp810-82
Implementation of a Stem-Integrated PJBL Model to Improve Science Processes and Learning Outcomes
Abstract: This project-based learning research aims to provide alternative problem-solving in the Biochemistry II course to improve students' scientific process abilities and learning outcomes in solving a problem. Quantitative data on student learning outcomes C4, C5, and C6 for protein synthesis material taught using the PjBL model. Quantitative data in the pretest and posttest found for the average, and then the increase from the pretest to the posttest is seen to conclude. Implementing the STEM-based Project Based Learning (PjBL) model can be carried out well at 74% in the implemented category. At the second meeting, the percentage was 85% in the implemented category. At the third meeting, the percentage was 93% in the immensely successful category. If averaged, the average percentage of implementation of the STEM-based learning project model is 84% in the implemented category. Implementing the STEM-based Project Based Learning (PjBL) model can improve students' learning outcomes and science process skills. Keywords: stem integration pjbl model, proses sains, and learning outcomes. Abstrak: Penelitian pembelajaran berbasis proyek ini bertujuan untuk memberikan alternatif penyelesaian pemasalahan pada matakuliah Biokimia II untuk meningkatkan kemampuan proses sains dan hasil belajar mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan suatu permasalahan.. Data kualitatif ini diambil dari video kegiatan mahasiswa dan waktu presentasi proyek. Data kuantitatif, yaitu data hasil belajar mahasiswa C4, C5 dan C6 untuk materi sintesis protein yang diajar dengan model PjBL.Data kuantitatif berupa pretest dan posttest dicari rata-ratanya kemudian dilihat peningkatannya dari pretest ke posttes untuk menarik kesimpulan. Pelaksanaan model Project Based Learning (PjBL) berbasis STEM dapat terlaksana dengan baik sebesar 74% dengan kategori terlaksana. Pada pertemuan ke dua jumlah persentasinya 85% dengan kategori terlaksana. Pada pertemuan ketiga jumlah persentasinya adalah 93% dengan kategori sangat terlaksana. Jika dirata-ratakan maka diperoleh rata-rata persentasi pelaksanaan model Projek besed learning berbasis STEM Sebebsar 84% dengan kategori terlaksana. Implementasi model Project Based Learning (PjBL) berbasis STEM dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar dan keterampilan proses sains mahasiswa. Kata kunci: model pjbl terintegrasi stem, the science process, dan hasil belajar. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jpmipa/v24i3.pp640-64
Development and Effectiveness of Golwan Interactive Multimedia as Teaching Material for Animal Classification Based on Food
Abstract: Human behavior is increasingly changing along with the massive development of technology to the point that it can change how we communicate. Unfortunately, many teachers are still not proficient in using technology, making learning feel less concrete and exciting for students. The aims of this research are to develop interactive media based on Ispring, to describe the feasibility of the Golwan learning application, to describe the practicality of interactive media based on Ispring and the use of the additional website 2 apk android builder application as the final result of this learning application. This research method uses MDLC (multimedia Development Life Cycle) with six stages: concept, design, material collection, creation, testing, and distribution, by using data collection instruments in the form of questionnaires, unstructured interviews, and documentation. And the test subjects were for fourth-grade students at SDN 2 Karangsuwung. The research results state that Android-based interactive multimedia applications are suitable for use. By fulfilling the media expert test percentage of 83%. The percentage of assessment by material experts was obtained at 90%. The percentage assessment of prospective use is 91%. Response from potential users with limited testing got a percentage of 90%. What is classified as interactive multimedia (Golwan) is declared appropriate or very good as a learning media tool. Keywords: interactive multimedia, classifying animals based on their food, ispring, website 2 apk android builder Abstrak: Tingkah laku manusia kian berubah seiring masifnya perkembangan teknologi sampai bisa mengubah cara berkomunikasi dan cara mengajar di kelas. Sayangnya masih banyak guru yang belum mahir dalam penggunaan teknologi. Menjadikan pembelajaran dirasa kurang konkrit dan menarik bagi peserta didik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan media interaktif berasis Ispring, mendeskripsikan kelayakan aplikasi pembelajaran Golwan mendeskripsikan kepraktisan media interaktif berbasis Ispring serta penggunaan aplikasi tambahan website 2 apk android builder sebagai hasil akhir aplikasi pembelajaran ini. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan MDLC (multimedia Development Life Cycle) dengan enam tahapan : konsep, desain, pengumpulan materi, pembuatan, pengujian, pendistribusian. Dengan menggunakan instrumen pengumpulan data berupa angket, wawancara tidak terstruktur, dokumentasi. Dan subjek uji coba kepada siswa kela IV di SDN 2 Karangsuwung. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa aplikasi multimedia interaktif berbasis android layak untuk dipergunakan. Dengan memenuhi presentase uji ahli media sebesar 83%. Penilaian presentase uji ahli materi sebesar 90%. Penilaian presentase dari calon penggunaan sebesar 91%. Serta respon dari calon pengguna yang dilakukan dengan uji terbatas mendapatkan presentase 90%. Yang diklasifikasikan bahwa multimedia interaktif (Golwan) dinyatakan Layak atau sangat baik sebagai sarana media pembelajaran. Kata kunci: Multimedia interaktif, pengolongan hewan berdasarkan makananya, Ispring, website 2 apk android builder DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jpmipa/v24i4.pp769-78
Implementation of the Connected Mathematics Project Learning Model on Students' Mathematical Problem Solving Abilities
Abstract: Low Mathematical Problem Solving Ability (MPSA) is a major problem in research. One learning model that supports increasing MPSA in learning is the Connected Mathematics Project (CMP) learning model. The aim of this research is to describe the implementation of the CMP learning model on students' MPSA. This type of research is quasi-experimental with a one group pretest posttest design. The research population was class VIII students' at MTsN 1 Padangsidimpuan consisting of 11 study groups. The research sample was students' from class VIII-11 with a total of 33 students'. The research instrument was the CMP learning management observation sheet and students' MPSA test. Analysis of data from observations was carried out descriptively and analysis of student MPSA data was carried out using inferential statistical tests using the paired t-test. The research results show that CMP learning management obtained an average score of 3.52 (good). Furthermore, analysis of the students' MPSA data shows a significance value of 0.00 which is smaller than the alpha level of 0.05 (there is a significant difference between the average pre-test and post-test scores). Furthermore, an n-gain value of 0.44 (Medium) was obtained. Thus it is concluded that the implementation of CMP learning on students' MPSA is effective. Keywords: implementation, CMP, problem solving, mathematics. Abstrak: Rendahnya Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika (MPSA) merupakan masalah utama dalam penelitian. Salah satu model pembelajaran yang mendukung peningkatan MPSA dalam pembelajaran adalah model pembelajaran Connected Mathematics Project (CMP). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi model pembelajaran CMP terhadap MPSA siswa. Jenis penelitian adalah quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan one group pretest posttest design. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIII MTsN 1 Padangsidimpuan yang terdiri dari 11 Rombongan belajar. Sampel Penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIII-11 dengan jumlah siswa 33 orang. Instrumen penelitian adalah lembar observasi pengelolaan pembelajaran CMP dan Tes MPSA siswa. Analisis data hasil observasi dilakukan dengan deskriptif dan analisis data MPSA siswa dilakukan dengan uji statistik inferensial uji paired t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengelolaan pembelajaran CMP memperoleh nilai rata rata 3,52 (baik). Selanjutnya analisi data MPSA siswa menunjukkan nilai signifikansi 0,00 lebih kecil dari taraf alpha 0,05 (terdapat perbedaan signifikan dari nilai rata rata pretes dan postes). Selanjutnya diperoleh nilai n-gain 0,44 (Sedang). Dengan demikian disimpulkan bahwa Implementasi pembelajaran CMP terhadap MPSA siswa adalah efektif. Kata kunci: implementation, CMP, pemecahan masalah, matematika.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jpmipa/v24i3.pp556-57
Analysis of Student’s Initial Concept on Genetic Material in Pontianak City
Abstract: This research aims to determine the initial concepts and knowledge source factors that have the greatest influence on student’s understanding on genetic material in Pontianak City. This is a descriptive research with a quantitative approach. Samples are 90 second-grade students at State High Schools in Pontianak City. The instruments used were a diagnostic test consisting of 25 multiple choice questions and a Response Certainty Index (CRI) as well as a genetic knowledge source questionnaire. The test results are analyzed by categorizing students' conceptual understanding based on correct or incorrect answers and low or high CRI scores which are then grouped into understanding the concept, not understanding the concept, guessing, and misconceptions. Student answers showed that only 29% understood the concept, 27% did not understand, 12% guessed, and 32% had misconceptions. School teachers are the highest source of knowledge at 79%, and the study group is the lowest at 22%. The percentage of students who understand the concept is lower than students who do not understand, guess and experience misconceptions, so teachers must handle class XII optimally, for example by planning the best learning models and media to overcome the low understanding of genetic concepts among students at school. Keywords: certainty of response index (CRI), genetics material, initial concept, student’s understanding. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsep awal dan faktor sumber pengetahuan yang mempunyai pengaruh paling besar terhadap pemahaman siswa pada materi genetika di Kota Pontianak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel adalah 90 orang siswa SMA Negeri kelas XI di Kota Pontianak. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes diagnostik yang terdiri dari 25 soal dan Indeks Kepastian Respon (CRI) serta angket sumber pengetahuan genetik. Hasil tes dianalisis dengan mengkategorikan pemahaman konsep siswa berdasarkan jawaban benar atau salah dan nilai CRI rendah atau tinggi yang kemudian dikelompokkan menjadi memahami konsep, tidak memahami konsep, tebakan, dan miskonsepsi. Jawaban siswa menunjukkan bahwa hanya 29% yang memahami konsep, 27% tidak memahami, 12% menebak, dan 32% mengalami miskonsepsi. Guru sekolah merupakan sumber pengetahuan tertinggi sebesar 79%, dan kelompok belajar terendah sebesar 22%. Persentase siswa yang memahami konsep lebih rendah dibandingkan siswa yang tidak memahami, menebak-nebak, dan mengalami miskonsepsi sehingga guru harus menangani kelas XII secara maksimal, misalnya dengan merencanakan model dan media pembelajaran terbaik untuk mengatasi rendahnya pemahaman konsep genetik siswa di sekolah. Kata kunci: certainty of response index (CRI), materi genetika, konsep awal, pemahaman siswaDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jpmipa/v24i3.pp627-63
Efectivity of a Hybrid Classroom-Based Reflective Microlearning Model for Prospective Physics Teachers
Abstract: Hybrid classes is combination of face-to-face learning and online learning, where some students attend physical classes while other take lessons online. This research aims to produce a reflective micro-learning model in hybrid classes that is valid, practical and effective for prospective Physics teachers. modifications to the Plomp model produced reflective Micro Teaching tools based on hybrid classes in the form of RPS, SAP, teaching materials and assessment instruments. Based on the N-Gain value in the Pre-Test and Post-test results, the Offline learning mode is 0.0010 (0.1%) and Online is 0.0392 (3.92%) Judging from the N-Gain value category and Effectiveness Interpretation Category means both learning modes are in the low and ineffective category. Online learning using Phet Colorado media has a greater N-Gain value so it can be concluded that the online learning mode using Phet Colorado is more effective than the offline learning mode using equipment in the Physics Laboratory. Keywords: reflective micro learning, hybrid classes, micro teaching Abstrak: Kelas hibrida mengacu pada kombinasi pembelajaran tatap muka dan pembelajaran daring, di mana sebagian siswa hadir di kelas fisik sementara siswa lainnya mengikuti pelajaran secara daring. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan model pembelajaran mikro reflektif pada kelas hybrid yang valid, praktis, dan efektif untuk calon guru Fisika. Penelitian pengembangan dengan modifikasi model Plomp menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran Micro Teaching reflektif berbasis kelas hybrid berupa RPS, SAP, bahan ajar dan instrumen penilaian. Berdasarkan nilai N-Gain pada hasil Pre-Test dan Post test moda pembelajaran Luring adalah 0,0010 (0,1%) dan Daring adalah 0,0392 (3,92%) Dilihat dari kategori nilai N-Gain dan Kategori Tafsiran Efektivitas N-Gain maka kedua moda pembelajaran berada pada kategori rendah dan tidak efektif. pembelajaran Daring dengan menggunakan media Phet Colorado memiliki nilai N-Gain yang lebih besar sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa moda pembelajaran daring dengan menggunan Phet Colorado lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan moda pembelajaran luring dengan menggunakan peralatan pada Laboratorium Fisika. Kata kunci: mikro reflektif, kelas hybrid, pembelajaran mikro DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jpmipa/v24i3.pp710-71
Analysis of Students’ Mathematical Reasoning Ability in the Context of Globalization and Sustainability Using the Project Based Learning Model
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to describe the steps for planning a project-based learning (PjBL) model in teaching Mathematics in grade X in the global context of Globalization and Sustainability and describe how students' mathematical reasoning abilities are after experiencing learning using the PjBL model. The type of research used in this research is design research. In this study, researchers designed a hypothetical learning trajectory (HLT) to teach Mathematics using the PjBL model in the context of planning to build a house. The stages of the research carried out were making the initial design, conducting design trials, and conducting retrospective analysis. The research subjects were six grade X students of private high schools in Yogyakarta who used the IB (International Baccalaureate) curriculum. The data collection instruments used by the researcher were field note sheets, written test sheets in the form of worksheets containing project questions, and structured interview sheets. From this study, the results obtained were that five students were able to use mathematical reasoning to complete the construction planning project of a house. Four students have been able to check the correctness of the solution and make conclusions. Keywords: globalization and sustainability, project-based learning, mathematical reasoning, project-based learning, house building projects. Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan langkah-langkah merencanakan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek dalam pembelajaran Matematika di kelas X pada konteks global Globalization and Sustainability dan mendeskripsikan bagaimana kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa setelah mengalami pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model PjBL. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian desain (design research). Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti mendesain hypothetical learning trajectory (HLT) untuk membelajarkan Matematika menggunakan model PjBL dengan konteks merencanakan pembangunan sebuah rumah. Tahap-tahap penelitian yang dilakukan adalah membuat desain awal, melakukan uji coba desain serta melakukan analisis retrospektif. Subjek penelitian adalah enam siswa kelas X SMA swasta di Yogyakarta yang menggunakan kurikulum IB (International Baccalaureate). Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan peneliti adalah lembar catatan lapangan, lembar tes tertulis yang berupa lembar kerja yang berisi pertanyaan proyek, dan lembar wawancara terstruktur. Dari penelitian ini, diperoleh hasil bahwa lima siswa sudah mampu menggunakan penalaran matematis untuk menyelesaikan pembuatan proyek perencanaan pembangunan sebuah rumah. Empat siswa sudah mampu untuk memeriksa kebenaran solusi dan membuat kesimpulan. Kata kunci: globalization and sustainability, pembelajaran berbasis proyek, penalaran matematis, projet-based learning, proyek pembangunan rumah. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jpmipa/v24i4.pp753-76
ICT-Based Statistical Learning Design to Train Middle School Students Higher Order Thinking Skills
Abstract: This research aims to develop a statistical learning design for ICT-based data presentation material to train HOTS skills for junior high school students using the Successive Approximation Model (SAM) development method. The research was conducted at a junior high school in the city of Surabaya with 33 class VIII students as research subjects. The assessment of the feasibility of the learning design was validated by 2 lecturers and 1 mathematics teacher. The validation results for the HOTS questions obtained an assessment result of 80.4% (feasible), the material received 80.9% (feasible), and the media 83.7% (very feasible) so that the design instrument could be declared suitable for use. The learning design used in the learning process got a result of 97.7% (very practical) in observing the implementation of learning and a result of 95.8% (very practical) in observing student activities. Based on these results, the learning design was practical to use. The learning process obtained student responses to learning tools showing 94% of students agreed that learning tools helped in the learning process, and student responses to ongoing learning activities showed 89.8% of students agreed that learning activities helped in understanding the material. The students' posttest results of 84.84% met the minimum standard score, because the results of student responses were positive and above 80% of students met the minimum standard score, learning was effective to use. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the learning design is valid, practical and effective to use. Keywords: high order thinking skill, information and communication technology, learning design. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan desain pembelajaran statistika materi penyajian data berbasis ICT untuk melatih keterampilan HOTS siswa SMP dengan metode pengembangan Successive Approximation Model (SAM). Penelitian dilakukan di SMP yang ada di Kota Surabaya dengan subjek penelitian siswa kelas VIII sebanyak 33 siswa. Penilaian kelayakan desain pembelajaran divalidasi oleh 2 dosen dan 1 guru matematika. Hasil validasi soal HOTS mendapatkan hasil penilaian 80,4% (layak), materi mendapatkan 80,9% (layak), dan media 83,7% (sangat layak) sehingga instrument desain dapat dinyatakan layak untuk digunakan. Desain pembelajaran digunakan dalam proses belajar mendapatkan hasil 97,7% (sangat praktis) pada pengamatan keterlaksanaan pembelajaran dan hasil 95,8% (sangat praktis) pada pengamatan aktivitas siswa, berdasarkan hasil tersebut desain pembelajaran praktis untuk digunakan. Proses pembelajaran mendapatkan respon siswa terhadap perangkat pembelajaran menunjukkan 94% siswa setuju bahwa perangkat pembelajaran membantu dalam proses pembelajaran, serta respon siswa terhadap kegiatan pembelajaran yang berlangsung menunjukkan 89,8% siswa setuju bahwa kegiatan pembelajaran membantu dalam memahamkan materi. Hasil posttest siswa 84,84% memenuhi standart nilai minimum, karena hasil respon siswa prositif dan diatas 80% siswa memenuhi standart nilai minimum maka pembelajaran efektif untuk digunakan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa desain pembelajaran valid, praktis, dan efektif untuk digunakan. Kata kunci: keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi, teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, desain pembelajaran. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jpmipa/v24i4.pp742-75
Karapan Sapi Madura: An Analytical Study toward Potential Local Wisdom as Teaching Materials of Newtons’s Laws of Motion
Developments in science and Indonesia continue to overgrow. One of them is proven by integrating knowledge through local wisdom in each of the studied knowledge. This study aims to explore and identify the potential of the local wisdom of Karapan Sapi Madura as teaching material on Newton's law material. This research uses qualitative descriptive type through Education analysis. Technique collection that data used is study literature, observation, and interviews. The results of this study present a linear study with knowledge of ethnoscience and ethnophysics on Karapan Sapi Madura. Besides that, study This study also found the potential for the local wisdom of the Madura Sapi Karapan to be used as teaching material on Newton's law material. In the future, local wisdom is expected of Karapan Sapi Madura that can be compiled in book form, e-books, or handouts that students and teachers can utilize to support learning physics by giving real examples and learning more meaning. In addition, it is also hoped that research related to wisdom locally is continuously developed and optimized for material learning, which is linear. Keywords: Indonesia local wisdom, physics learning, ethnophysics. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jpmipa/v24i2.pp406-41
Performance Assessment with Multiple Intelligence Differentiation to Measure Communication Skills: Application of Many Facet Rasch Model
Abstract: This research aims to determine the characteristics of the PABMMSB instrument. Comprising seven task types and assessment rubrics measuring communication skills across four indicators. Employing a Mixed Methods Exploratory Sequential: Instrument development model with purposive sampling, the study involved 39 prospective physics teacher students. Data was obtained from 5 types of assignments that were selected and then assessed by seven raters and the result was that IKK01 did not meet the ZStd score criteria with a value of -2.2. However, because the MnSq (0.82) and PtMea (0.59) values have met the criteria, the ZStd value can be ignored and IKK01 is still declared valid, and for IKK02, IKK03, and IKK04 all have met the criteria and all indicators tested have met the criteria and are declared valid to measure communication skills. Apart from that, a reliability value of 0.87 was obtained and was included in the Very Good criteria. Keywords: characteristics, performance assessment, multiple intelligences, communication skills, rasch model, facet. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik instrumen PABMMSB. Instrumen yang dikembangkan terdiri dari tujuh jenis tugas dan rubrik penilaian untuk mengukur keterampilan komunikasi dengan empat indikator. Penelitian ini menggunakan Mixed Methods Exploratory Sequential: Instrument development model dengan teknik purposive sampling. Uji coba dilakukan kepada 39 orang mahasiswa calon guru fisika didapatkan data dari 5 jenis tugas yang dipilih kemudian dinilai oleh tujuh orang rater dan didapatkan hasil bahwa IKK01 tidak memenuhi kriteria nilai ZStd dengan nilai -2.2. akan tetapi karena nilai MnSq (0.82) dan PtMea (0.59) sudah memenuhi kriteria maka nilai ZStdnya bisa diabaikan dan IKK01 tetap dinyatakan valid, dan untuk IKK02, IKK03, dan IKK04 semuanya telah memenuhi kriteria dan seluruh indikator yang di ujikan memenuhi kriteria dan dinyatakan valid untuk mengukur keterampilan komunikasi. Selain itu, didapatkan nilai reliabilitas sebesar 0.87 dan termasuk kedalam kriteria Bagus sekali. Kata kunci: karakteristik, penilaian kinerja, kecerdasan majemuk, keterampilan komunikasi, rasch model, facet. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jpmipa/v24i4.pp9232-94