Uganda Journal of Agricultural Science (UJAS)
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The impact of price and market liberalization policies on Uganda’s coffee supply response
No full textEconometric modelling using time series data on production and yields for the period 1970-93 was used to evaluate farmers’ supply response shown by price elasticities. The findings of the study revealed that pre- and post-liberalisation short-run output supply eiasticities(SRE) for Robusta coffee at 0.189 and 0.201 respectively, were not significantly different. Post-liberalisation SRE at 0.644 was significantly higher than the pre-liberalisation SRE at 0.465 for Arabica coffee. Pre- and post-liberalisation long-run elasticities(LRE) were 0.526 and 0.541 for Robusta coffee, and 0.722 and 0.988 for Arabica coffee, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between elasticities before and after the liberalisation policies based on yield data of both Robusta and Arabica coffee. The policies had a positive and significant impact on Arabica coffee output. It was recommended that the price and market liberalisation policies be upheld. Yield and area LRE revealed that yield rather than area will increase Uganda’s future coffee supply. Therefore appropriate mechanisms for adoption of improved coffee production technologies should be put in place by concerted
efforts of Ministries and Organisations involved in the industry
Potential for community- based forest resource management in Uganda: The case of non-gazetted forests of Hoima and Masindi Districts, western Uganda
Get PDFUganda’s forest resources are important for the country’s growth and development. Though there is in place a mechanism for controlled use of gazetted forests, lack of an organised management institution has left common pool non-gazetted communal forest resources at the helm of uncontrolled use. The study covered the districts of Hoima and Masindi where non-gazetted communal forest resources are abundant. The overall objective of this study was to identify a tenure system that can lead to sustainable use of communal forest and tree resources by the local people and seek people’s attitudes towards increased involvement in the management of natural resources in their localities. The respondents in both Masindi and Hoima overwhelmingly rejected the idea of leasing the forests. Loss of access rights to the resource was cited as a major reason for rejecting this form of tenure. The communities preferred to own the resource in common, thus advocating for a common property tenure. It was therefore recommended that non-gazetted forest resources be left to the local user groups to manage through a locally composed and constituted community association with assistance from the Forest Department
Performance of cotton under varied plant densities and spatial arrangements
Get PDFCotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Cv. SATU 85, was grown at five row spacings, three intra-row spacings and thinned to either one or two plants per stand at Serere Agricultural and Animal Production Research Institute (SAARI), Uganda during the 1993 and 1994 cotton seasons. Plants spaced widely within the rows produced more monopodia, sympodia and bolls per plant, but fewer per m2. Fewer fruiting bodies aborted with the widely spaced rows. Leaf area indices (LAI) were highest with narrowly spaced plants and LAI decreased with increased row and intra-row widths. Total seed cotton yields from the row spacings of 60, 75 and 90 cm did not differ significantly but yield was higher and lower respectively, with 105 cm and 45 cm row spacings. Graded (“sail”) seed cotton yield was not significantly affected by row spacing. Seed cotton yield, both total and graded, decreased as intra-row spacing increased
Reaction of backcross maize populations to Turcicum leaf blight
Get PDFFive maize cultivars, Longe 1, EV8349-SR, EV Jos (moderately resistant), Gusau TZB-SR and EV8429-SR (susceptible)
were crossed to Population 42, a cultivar with high level of resistance to Exserohilum turcicum, causal agent of turcicum leaf blight. Parental, BC2and BC2 populations were inoculated at knee-high stage and evaluated for their reaction to turcicum leaf blight and yield performance at two locations of Uganda, Namulonge and Kabanyolo. EV8428-SR and KWCA were included as susceptible and local checks, respectively. Except for yield and apparent infection rates (r), differences among populations were significant (P < 0.05). The BC] and BC2 generally had less disease than the parental cultivars, but the results were not consistent. Longel BC], EV8349-SR BC2 and EV8429-SR BC2 yielded >7,000 kg ha-1, while KWCA, the recommended commercial cultivar, yielded 6618 kg ha-
Qualitative assessment of the impact of soil erosion on the water resources in Uganda
Get PDFThe present water resources situation in Uganda with respect to sediment loads and siltation and in relation to land use practices, is virtually unknown due to lack of quantitative data. Information on the detrimental impact of soil erosion on water bodies is qualitative. Our experience during a study tour of a number of districts in the southern part of the country suggested that this information often was an overstatement of the extent of soil erosion as well as its impact, representing people’s perceptions of these problems. The study area was divided into regions of very high to low erosion potential based on the scoring of physical characteristics and land management practices. This can only serve as precursor to generating quantitative data through appropriate assessment methods in order to determine the extent and causes of soil erosion and its impact on the water resources
Growth and yield performance of some chickpea cultivars in central Uganda
Get PDFEight early-and five medium-maturing chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars were evaluated for growth and yield performance in the short rains of 1990 and long rains of 1991, at Makerere University Agricultural Research Institute, Kabanyolo (MUARIK). The performance of the cultivars varied with the seasons. Plant height, number of branches and pods plant-1, number of seeds and seed yield plant-1 and seed yield plot-1 differed significantly. Mean plot yields ranged from 0.261 to 1.227 kg in the short rains, and 0.417 to 1.241 kg in the long rains. The cultivars ICCX790197-3PLB-3PLB-BPLB, K850, and L550, were the highest yielding in the short rains, while cultivars L550, ICCL86105 and K850 were highest yielding in the long rains. Annigeri 1, Local check and ICC73008-8-1-1P-BP, were low yielding in both seasons. K850 showed the greatest stability in performance over the two seasons, suggesting that it could be successfully grown in diverse
ecological regions of the country
Intergrated management of land resources in eastern Africa: A review
Get PDFAn overall assessment of current resources in eastern Africa indicates that land degradation has reached a serious stage. This is reflected in the fast declining agricultural productivity, increasing hectarage of agricultural land yearly going out of crop production due to soil degradation and siltation ofdams and productive river valleys, and expansion of cultivation into adjacent forest and pasture lands. Most of the countries in the region do not yet have integrated land resource management policies and legislations that may lead to sustainable development and increased productivity of land resources that is compatible with sound environment management at regional, national and local levels. The World soils policy and National soil policies formulated by UNEP which are very closely linked with World Conservation Strategy and Agenda 21, have laid the basis for the formulation of land use policies, legislation and plan at all levels. To formulate meaningful land use plan at regional and local levels, the acquisition of land resource data base is essential. Intergrated management of land resources should be considered as an inportant step leading to sustainable development resources at all levels. The proposals for improved and strengthened planning, management and evaluation systems of land resources which include developing land resource data base, adopting appropriate farming systems for different agro-ecological zones, technology development and transfer, sustainable managment of plant nutrition and balancing ecological values and food production are some of the major steps recommended as an intergral part of the land resources management
Aspects of the Biology of the Carrot Aphid Chomaphis (dysaphis) foeniculus Theobald (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Uganda
Get PDFLaboratory and cage studies were conducted to assess the life-cyde and reproduction of the carrot aphid Chomaphis (Dysaphis) foeniculus Theobald (Homoptera: Aphididae) on carrots (Daucus carota L.). There were four instar stages, with a total developmental period of 6.3 days (range 6.1-7.2 days).Reproduction occurred in the first six days of adult life, and each female aphid produced an average of 17.1 nymphs (range 11-25). Significantly more nymphs (Ps0.05) were produced during the afternoon than the morning hours or night, and nymphal production was suppressed in cloudy overcast conditions. Because of the short developmental period and rapid reproduction after maturity, there was a relatively high rate of population build-up
A Comparative Study of the use of Dried Blood on Filter Papers and Serum Samples for Serodiagnosis of Anaplasmosis
Get PDFoai:ojs2.journal.naro.go.ug:article/2A study was conducted to compare the suitability of blood collected on filter papers with correspondingfluid serum samples in serodiagnosis of bovine anaplasmosis using DOT-ELISA, RCAT and Westernimunobtotting. Serum was obtained from blood collected by jugular venipuncture of288 heads ofcattle and stored at -70 °C. About 0.2 ml of the corresponding blood sample was applied and dried onfilter paper (Wbatman No.1) after collection in duplicates. One of the duplicates was stirred at roomtemperature and the other at 4°C. Subsequently, sera were eluted from the dried blood samples on thefilter paper with a solution of 1.8 ml PBS Tween 20% at pH of7.2 to give a dilution of 1:100. Antigenswere prepared as described by Montenegro-James et al (1988) and analysed by DOT-ELISA and Westernimmunoblot at dilutions ranging from 1:25 to 1:200. Results showed that dried blood samples onfilter paper were suitable for sero-epid€miological studies of bovine anaplasmosis and storage at roomtemperature for 6 months did not affect reactivity
A Comparison Among Various Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre) Clonal Materials and their Seedling Progenies at Different Levels of Nitrogen
Get PDFThe propagation and distribution of robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre), clonal selections in Uganda has been hampered by logistics. These clonal selections also exhibit a substantial degree of genotype-environmental interaction. Our objectives were to further elucidate the differences between these clones, the differences between individual clones and their corresponding seedling progenies and a farmer's elite entry and to define the nitrogen levels required for the optimal performance of the various clones and seedling progenies. A split-split plot, randomized complete block design with 4 replicates was used. Mean yield data for the years 1988 and 1989 are presented. There were significant differences in the response to nitrogen but a complete response curve was not established. Nevertheless, the data confirmed that it is highly profitable to apply nitrogen to robusta coffee. The differences between the yields of clonal cuttings and their corresponding seedling progenies were much higher for the erecta types of robusta coffee than for the nganda type. The nganda clones had a higher level of general combining ability than the erecta types. The correlations between the clonal parents and their corre[1]sponding seedling progenies were low for all entries but slightly higher for the nganda than for the erecta entries. Using clonal cuttings resulted in higher yields for the erecta entries compared to their corresponding seedling progenies. This was not necessarily so with the nganda material