Uganda Journal of Agricultural Science (UJAS)
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Gonadotropin and gonado-bormone concetrations in the pygmy goat during transition from anestrus to breeding activity
Get PDFBlond samples obtained from two mature and two prepubertal female pygmy goats during anestrus up to four days after first overt estrus were assayed for· gonadotropins and gonado-hormones by radioimmunoassay (RIA) techniques. The prepubertal goats were aged 211 and 214 days respectively. All animals showed behavioral and endocrine changes that were characteristic of t he estab lishment of normal estr us cycles between the 18th and 30th of November. The two prepubertal does showed first overt estrus at the age of248 and 251 days, respectively. From progesterone concentration profiles, all animals were observed to have had a presumed ovulation without overt estrus at an average of 19.2 :!: 0.5 days before the first behavioral estrus. LH and FSH levels fluctuated randomly throughout anestrus; a two-to three fold increl\Se in their mean values was appa•·ent 5 days before the pre-ovu latory surge prior to the first presumed ovulation. The pattern of their secretion during the intenal from first Jlrcsumed ovulation to tlrst behavioral estrus was similar to that observed during anestrus; both were elevated on the day of first behavioral estrus. Progesterone levels were low during anestrus; their first elevation (from 0.5.:!: 0.08 to 2.3 + 0.4 ng/ml) occurred 2 days before the first presumed ovulation (day-23). Du ring the interval between the first presumed ovulation and first overt estrus, progesterone concentrations and pattern of secretion were characteristic of that observed during the normal cycle. Estradiol concentrations were varied during anestrus and the interval from first presumed ovulation to first overt estrus. Levels of estradiol were observed to be elevated a day before the LH/FSH preovulatory surges ofthc first pre. umcd ovulation and the first overt estrus, respectively
Immunization against east coast fever by infection and treatment method in Uganda
Get PDFEast Coast Fever (ECF) caused by Theileria parva is known in Uganda as the must important tick-horne disease of cattle fora long time. The 1}apcr describes research efforts conducted mainly in Kenya and Uganda towards the development andtesting of the infection and tre:ltment method of immunization against ECF. This method has now been introduced onprivate farms and it is accepted in Uganda
Traditiona l a groforestry systems, tree uses and management in northern Uganda
Get PDFA survey was conduct ed in Apac Dist rict, northern Uganda between Sep tember 1995 a nd December I 996 to assess t he t raditional agroforest ry systems, tree uses and management. Tree a nd sht·ub species in t he fa r ming syst ems wer e identified and fa rmers' indigenous knowledge of agrofor estry systems documented. Men (96%) headed most households.Both natura lly growing a nd pla nted tree speci es wc1·e found on farmland a nd t he fa rmers had clear r easons fo r p r otecting or planting the trees a nd sh r u bs on farms. H omcgardens had more trees than farmland situated away from the homesteads. Markhamia lu l etl (Bcnth.) K. Schum., Eucalyptus and Cassia tree spp. domina ted t h e zoned a r rangentcn ts while Ficus spp., Comhretum collin urn Fressen. and Lonclzocarpus laxijlorus Guill. & P err. naturallygr ew a mong cr ops ;~nd/or nea r homes tead s. T he lrecs and shr u bs provide fru its, shade, poles or firewood. Alt hough over 98% of the household heads interviewed were aware o f the adva ntages of p lanting t rees, 65 % p la n t ed t r ees.In adequate supply of seedlings, poor extension services, a nd lack ofland a s well as restr icted roles of women limited t ree-planting activities. There arc opportunities for im prov ing a nd in creasing agroforestJ;y in th er egion throughintegrated r esearch, adoption of better land management techniq ues and p lanting oftrees /shrub species desired byfa rmcrs.An in-depth study of fa rmers' indigen ous knowledge in protec ti ng, p la nting and mana ging trees would helpimprove the existing agroforestry systems
Screening Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merril) lines for morphological resistance to the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Get PDFA study was carried out during the first and second seasonsofl997 at Namnlonge Agricultural and Animal Production Research Institute {NAAR I) to determine whether there were some soybean varieties in the NAARI germplasm which were resistant to the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula and to establish the basis of morphological resistance to this stink bug. Some morphological characteristics ofthe soybean plant were considered for the study. During the first season, the soybean genotypes NG ll-36/93A, NC J 1-9/93A and NG2-19/92A '''ere significantly less infested by the stink bugs, while NG9-5/92A and NG I-23/92A were the most infested. In the second season, the most infested genotypes were NG 1-28/92A and NG9-5/92A. The correlation coefficients between the stink bugs and the selected soybean morphological characteristics were very low but significant at P = 0.05. This suggested that the resistance observed was not only attributed to morphological factors, but to many other factors probably bio-chemical factors causing antibiosis
Some Factors Affecting the Sustainability of Tick and Tick-Borne Disease Control in Uganda. 1. Malpractice Associated with Acaricide Use
Get PDFCountry-wide surveys were conducted in Uganda from 1996 to 2000 to understand the current ticks and tick-borne diseases (f &TBD) control practices and constraints to control, so as to develop appropriate intervention measures. The present paper reports on the malpractice associated with the use of acaricides, as one of the major factors affecting the sustainabilityofT&TBD control in Uganda. Six major types of malpractice were identified. These include delivery of acaricides, choice of acaricides, their dilution rates, methods of application, frequency of application, as well as storage and disposal. The possible causes of malpractice and their consequences are discussed. The need to rationalize T &TBD control is suggested and some key intervention strategies are recommended
Variability within the common bean phaseolus vulgaris germ plasm
Get PDFGenetic variability is the most important aspect in any crop breeding. Bean production in Uganda is characterized by much variation in environmental conditions, cropping systems, preferences and constraints. The breeding programme aims at improving national bean production through provision of superior varieties released periodically and also conserve genetic variability ex-situ. The modern agricultural tendency of exclusive use of widely adapted and widely diffused varieties enhances local adaptation and performance at the expense of genetic variability. Farmers' varietal selection criteria were found to be variable and partially responsible for genetic variability on-farm. However, with introduced improved cultivars narrowing of genetic variability on-farm may compromise production stability for farmers. The germ plasm collected over the past years represent the variation in morphological as well as agronomic traits within the varieties grown in various districts of the country. The implications of the above factors and the characterization of the available germ plasm form the discussion basis of this paper
Response of banana cultivars to banana weevil attack
Get PDFEast African Highland Bananas (EAHB) (Musa AAA, 'Matooke' group) are a major staple food in the East African region. However, banana weevil (Cosmopolites sorllidus) is a major production constraint to bananas and may cause damage levels of up to 100%. Pesticides can effectively control banana weevil but these are unaffordable by resource poor farmers, besides being environmentally unfriendly. The use of resistant cultivars therefore, may be a safer longterm intervention strategy for banana weevil control. An experiment was conducted to screen all the Musa germ plasm found in Uganda for response to banana weevil, and evaluate levels of susceptibility. Weevil damage levels indicating both peripheral and inner damage were scored at ha rvest and used in two multivariate analyses. Cluster analysis grouped the cultivars into three significantly different groups; resistant, intermediate and susceptible. Most of the East African Highland 'Matooke' cultivars were more homogenous in their response to banana weevil, with most of them falling into the intermediate group. One East African Highland cultivar Nalukira (a bee r type) was grouped among the resistant cultivars while three, N aka were, Namafura, and Ndiibwa balangira, were clustered as susceptible. Principal component analysis revealed almost similar results. Gonja (AAB-plantain) was the most susceptible, while Culcutta-4 (AA-wiJd type) was the most resistant. Culcutta-4 and FHIA-03 (AABB), which showed high resistance levels may be good sources of resistance genes for genetic improvement of la nd races for resistance to banana weevil
Assessment of Genetic Diversity for Stem Rust and Stripe Rust Resistance in an International Wheat Nursery Using Phenotypic and Molecular Technologies
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to assess diversity for stem rust and stripe rust resistancein an international wheat screening nursery under greenhouse conditions using pathotypes withknown avirulence/ virulence profiles. A set of 95 entries of an international wheat screening nurserycollected from material generated by staff of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre(CIMMYT) was tested against seven Australian Pgt and five Pst pathotypes through artificialinoculation under the greenhouse conditions using standard procedures. Ten all-stage stem rustresistance genes (Sr8a, Sr8b, Sr9b, Sr12, Sr17, Sr23, Sr24, Sr30, Sr31 and Sr38) and seven all-stagestripe rust resistance genes (Yr3, Yr4, Yr6, Yr9, Yr17, Yr27 and Yr34) were postulated either singlyor in combinations based on seedling responses of test entries against pathotypes differing invirulence for commonly deployed genes. Sr30 and Sr38 were the most common stem rust resistancegenes in this nursery. The Sr38-linked stripe rust resistance gene Yr17 was present in high proportion.The presence of rust resistance genes Sr24, Sr31/Yr9, Sr38/Yr17 and Yr4 were confirmed using theclosely linked molecular markers. The adult plant resistance (APR) genes Sr2 and Lr34/Yr18/Sr57were detected using linked molecular markers csSr2 and csLV34, respectively. Genotypes carryingcombinations of stem rust and stripe rust resistance were identified for use as donor sources inbreeding programs
A visual scale of loss assessment for dried sweet potato chips due to Araecerus fasciculatus Degeer (Coleoptera: Antbribidae) infestation on-farm
Get PDFA visual scale of damage was established on dried sweet potJJto chips infested by Araeceru.s ja)·ciculatus under prevailingambient conditions in the laboratory. The dried chips had been stored for the duration of one week to six months. Fiveclasses of chip damage, including theil· end-uses, were identified. The classes ranged from 1-5, where Class ) chips wereundamaged and Class S the most severely damaged. Severity of damage was established at 0, 0.06, 0.23, 0.60 and 0.74 holesper- em' ior the damage class categol'ics 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Weight losses were estimated at 0, 19.2, 20.6, 61-fi anc85.1% for damage classes I, 2, 3, 4 aud 5 •·espectivery. The eud-use of chips in each ciass category declined drastically wit!;increasing levels <•f a a mage. Reference photographs of each class category were obtained. The need for a visuai scale ofloss assessment for dried sweet potafo in storage is apprais:;c
Growth and phytoremediative capacity of Eleusine indica in a typical farmland soil under previous exposure to organochlorine pesticide
Get PDFThis study investigated the growth and phytoremediative response of Eleusine indica in a typical farmland soil that had been exposed to organochlorine pesticides. Different soil treatments were obtained by mixing pesticide polluted soil (P) with control soil (C) in ratios, 1P:99C, 5P:95C, 50P:50C, 25P:75C, 75P:25C, 100P and 100C. Three-leaf tillers of the test plant were sown in all the treatments for 3 months. The results revealed that there were no significant differences in all plant morphological parameters measured between plants in P impacted soils and C-soil. All the pH values were acidic, although an increase in pH and decrease in conductivity was observed with the introduction of the test plant. There was reduction in total pesticide residual (TPR) contents in the soil as a result of the plant activities. Significant reduction in q – BHC, α – chlordane and ϒ – chlordane was observed in the P1:C99 soil mix; a 90% remediation efficiency (1.663 mg kg-1 ) was registered in the all treatments. This study thus presents E. indica as a potential concentrationdependent phytoremediator of pesticide, with no significant morphological changes