Uganda Journal of Agricultural Science (UJAS)
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Agronomic and economic benefits of primary and secondary micronutrients in selected fertilizer applications in rice production in Uganda
Get PDFTwo sets of trials were conducted during 2020 and 2021 in Amuru sub-county, Amuru District with the following objectives: Set 1 – to determine which secondary and micronutrient limit rice yield; and Set 2 – to compare the yield and economic benefits of applying rice specific NPK blend to application of NP as DAP and urea. Each farmer had one replicate, with other farmers serving as replications. There were 10 to 15 farmers per trial per season. There was a significant increase at p < 5% in grain yield of 2.6 t ha-1 above the control (1.7 t ha-1) with application of a combination of NP with K, Ca, Zn, B and Cu. Omitting either K, Ca, Zn, B or Cu on average resulted in a significant decrease in grain yield (0.74 t ha-1 vs. 4.3 t ha-1 - when all the nutrients were applied) at p < 5% level. The net benefit of adding K, Ca, Zn, B and Cu to NP was Uganda Shillings 1,602,000/=, 739,000/=, 834,315/=, 906,189/=, and 1,057,603/=, respectively. There was a significant increase in rice yield of 1.5 t ha-1 with a benefit to cost ratio of 2 with application of (125 kg DAP + 125 kg urea) ha-1 compared with 2.3 t ha-1 and a B/C of 2.3 with application of (250 kg rice specific NPK + 125 kg urea) ha-1, confirming that rice specific fertilizers are better than application of NP only. The study confirms that micronutrients limit crop yield in Uganda and should be included in balanced fertilizer formulations. Rice specific fertilizers are better than urea and DAP fertilizers recommended by MAAIF
Sustainable management of tropical grassland in the rain-shadow area of South India
Get PDFGrasslands are one of the major production systems in the worl
Ability of systemic insecticide dimethoate to prevent aphid colonisation and the spread of aphid transmitted viruses in Solanum tuberosum Lin.
No full textSeven potato (Solanum tuberosum Lin.) varieties previously indexed against potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), potato virus Y (PVY), potato virus S (PVS) and potato virus X (PVX) were grown in the fieid for two seasons at Namulonge representing warm, mid-altitude tropics and, for one season at Kalengyere representing cool highland areas. One set of the seven potato varieties was sprayed with dimethoate at a rate of 1.19 kg a.i. ha-1 at weekly intervals to prevent aphid infestation and spread of aphid transmitted viruses. The second set was not treated. Seed tuber indexing before planting showed the absence of aphid transmitted viruses (PLRV, PVY and PVS) in seed potato obtained from Kalengyere during both seasons. Weekly collection of aphids at both sites showcrl a predominance of Myzus persicae (Sul.), the principle vector of most potato viruses. Dimethoate controlled aphids at Kalengyere but not at Namulonge. As a result, seed potatoes obtained from Kalengyere and grown at Namulonge acquired the aphid-transmitled PLRV in the fint season of growth whether they were treated with the insecticide or not. However, all the varieties were free from PVY and PVS. At Kaleogyere, all the varieties grown in the field were free from aphid-borne viruses irrespective of the insecticide fre:ltment. These results indicate that there·is probably M. persicae resistance to dimethoate at Namulonge
Effects of plant morphology on vegetation resistance, resilience and tolerance in Mabira forest reserve
Get PDFA study was conducted in Mabira Forest Heserve between 1999 and 2001 to evaluate the J'csistance, tolerance and resilience of vegetation to human trampling. Trampling experiments were conducted in live lanes measuring 0.5 x 1.5 m in a Paspalum dominated grassland and a ]u.Hicia dominated secondary forest. Each lane •·cccived 25, 50, 200 and 500 tlasses. Measurements were taltcn em each lane on two adjaccnt30 x SO em sub-plots. The cover of each vascular plant species was cstimlltcd. The relative vegetation cove•· was computed as a measure of vegetation change. The hypothesis tested is that plant morphology is responsible fo1· val'ialions in vegetation response to different levels of trampling stress. The JusticiaSynedrel/a dominated herbaceous vegetation was more resistant, tolerant and resilient to IJ·ampling than the Paspalum dominated grassland. However there is a need to repeal the trampling experiment in situations with similar and or different vegetation types befo1·e the method can be adopted as a standard protocol for studying vcgellltion response to human trampling in forest recreation sites
Analysis Of Productivity And Risk Factors In Commercial Poultry Production In Osun State, Nigeria
Get PDFThe study examined the resource usc efficiency nnd occurrence of risk factors in poultry production in osun state, nigeria using the prouuction function nnd bayesian decision model analysis. Data were collected using a set of questionnaire from 200 poultry farmers selected from five local government areas of the state using the multistage sampling technique. Findings showed that in egg production there was efficient allocation and utilization of resources in poultry production in the study area as shown by the returns to scale of 0.253 and elasticities of production of the factors most of which were in stage ii of the production surface. The factors nf feed and labour costs showed decreasing function to the facton and were in stage iii nf the production surface and thus inefficiently allocated. The identified major risk factors were that of diseased/parasites and feed poisoning with posterior probabilities of occurrence of 0.787 and 0.212 respectively. These risks are preventable risks if there are efficient management practices
Effect of supplementing crossbred lactating dairy cows fed elephant grass based diets with Ia blab hay and a concentrate
Get PDFLa blab {La blab purpureus {Sweet I) cv Rongai as a supplementary forage legume for lactatiug da iry cows (Fr!csian x Zebu) fed dephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) bas~d diets with and without a concentrate was evaluated. Crossbred (Friesian x Zebu) lactating da iry cows wit h live-weights of 405.5 (SD ±15) and 385.5 (SD ±15) and mean milk yields of 9.5 and 8.51itres respectively were used in two experiments a t Namulongc Agricu ltu ra l and Anima l Production Research Institute. Effect of supplementing lactating c.rosshrcd dairy cows fed on elephant grass based diets with labjab hay supplement on milk yield was ass essed in experiment 1. Addition oflab lah hay signifi can(ly increased elcpnant grass dry matter intake (DMI). The optimum supplement level was 3 kg day ' (as fed), beyond which there was a substitution effect. Sole feed ing on elephant grass resulted in lower (P9J.OS) total dry matter intake (TDMI) than when lablab hay supplement was included. Da ily milk yield was significantly (P~O.OS) increased by lablab hay supplementation up to 3 kg day-1• Butterfat content was not a ffected by supplementa tion. The effect of supplementing elephant grass fodder and 3 kg day- 1 of lablab hay as basal diets with a concentrate on th e performan ce ofl actating crossbr ed da iry cows was assessed in Experiment II. Concentrate supplementation impaired DMl of elephant grass but TDMI increased significantly (P~O.O S). Daily mill• yield was increased OS) by supplementing up 2 kg day1 of a concentrate but there was no fu rther increase (P~.05) with the level of3 kg day1• Butterfat content was not a ffected by concentrate supplementation. Satisfactory performan ce of lactating crossbred dairy cows fed elepbant grass fodder based diets can be obtained by supplementing \'l-ith lab lab hay and a concentra te
Farmers’ Compliance with Standard Silvicultural Practices and its Impact on the Performance of Pinus Spp. Woodlots in Rubanda District, South-Western Uganda
Get PDFThis study investigated farmers’ compliance to standard silvicultural practices and its impacts on the performance of Pinus spp in plantations in Rubanda District, South-western Uganda.A total of 122 pine plantations were randomly selected for intensive assessment. The findings revealed an average spacing of 2.90m, which significantly differs from the standard spacing of 3.0m for pine. Generally, stem density of pine plantations at various age categories such as 8 and 10 years was significantly higher than the recommended. The overall average pruning height of 3.26m as practiced by the farmers was significantly lower than 6.81m, the standard requirement of 50% average tree height (p≤ 0.05). In comparison, there were significant differences in average dbh in the three stem density categories. The increase in stem density caused a corresponding decline in dbh of trees in the pine plantations. Farmers with a pine crop of seven years and above with tree stock above the recommended stem density had incurred an average loss of 70.5m3 per hectare leading to an equivalent financial loss of UGX 3,525,000/= (USD 952.7) per hectare. Therefore, to avoid competition and unnecessary financial loss, adjustment of stem density by thinning as the pine plantation grows is strongly recommended
Evaluation of Partial Replacement of Fish Meal with Lablab Purpureus Seed Meal on the Performance of Broilers
Get PDFThis study investigated the use of Lablab purpureus seed meal as protein ingredientreplacing fish meal. One hundred eighty (180) broiler chicks were used in a complete randomizedblock design. Three treatments were used; A (fish meal, as control), B (30% fish replacement byroasted lablab with enzyme supplement) and C (45% fish replacement by roasted lablab with enzymesupplement). The parameters studied were; feed consumption, weight gain and feed conversion ratio(FCR). Results revealed significant (P<0.05) differences in feed intake, weight gain and feedconversion ratio among the treatments. Throughout the study, chicks registered high feed intake ondiet C and A while that in group B reported the least. Average weight gains were high for group Cand A while group B registered the lowest. Feed conversion ration; lowest for group C and highestin group B. Therefore, a better performance of broilers is enhanced consumption by high intake offeed, high weight gains and low FCR, 45% dietary fish meal can be replaced by Lablab purpureusseed meal with enzyme supplement in a compounded broiler finisher
An evaluation of some fungicides in the management of fruit and leaf spot (Phaeoramularia Angolensis) of citrus
Get PDFFour fungicide treatments viz Ben late (Benomyl), Cupravit (Copper oxychloride), Dithane M45 (Mancozeb), and Ben late alternated with Dithane M45 were applied to control P!laeoramularia angolensi~ In a block of the variety "Valencia" in the citrus orchard at Kiige, Uganda. No fungicide was applied to the control. Benlate, Cupravit and Benlate alternated with Dithane M45 kept the disease level to about 50% compared to the 90% disease in the control. Dithane M45 alone performed poorly with disease level of up to 80''/n. Therefore, the useofsuitablcfungicide can be effectively integrated in the overall disease control strategy
Agronomic description of new improved climbing bean varieties
Get PDFEleven genotypes including one local check (Kanyamunyu) were grown In a trial at Kachwekano and Namulonge in 1996a, 1996b and 1997b. The trial was arranged in a randomized complete block design rCJ)Iicated three times. Staking was carried out at v• stage and description was made for the following agronomic characters: disease infection, days to flowering, days to maturity, seed yield, seed size and cooking time. Genotypes U mubano, Ngwinurare, RWV 296 and Vuninkingi were identified for release as new bean cultivars in Uganda. Both genotypes are climbers and mature within 81-115 days. Depending on the growing conditions, the seed yield was 700 to 3800 kg/ha. Cooking time varied from 40-70 minutes depending on variety. Varieties with most preffered seed characteristics were Ngwinurarc and RWV 296. Variety Ngwinurare was repor1ed by lDEA project to posses attributes suitable for export market Varieties Umubano and Vuninkingi performed well in both low and high altitude environments