JOOUST Repository (Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology)

ITB 1310

USER INTERFACE DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING

APB 1312

PRINCIPLES OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE

BAB 1448

SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

AAB1204

Utilization and Conservation of Animal Genetic Resources

ALS 3321

SOIL WATER AND PUBLIC HEALTH

AAB 3421

BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE

PNB 1306

SCIENTIFIC AND ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

BCA 2211

FUNDAMENTALS OF OFFICE MANAGEMENT

ICB 1214

 
 
 
JARAMOGI OGINGA ODINGA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 
SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS AND INNOVATIVE SYSTEMS 
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR SCIENCE IN 
SECURITY AND FORENICS 
2
nd
 YEAR 2
nd
 SEMESTER 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR 
MAIN CAMPUS 
MAIN PAPER 
 
COURSE CODE: ICB 1214 
COURSE TITLE: COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND NETWORKING LAB 
EXAM VENUE:  CL3    STREAM: 
DATE:      16/4/2025    EXAM SESSION: 9.00-11.00 
TIME: 2.00 HOURS 
 
INSTRUCTIONS: 
1. Answer Question 1 (Compulsory) and ANY other two questions 
2. Candidates are advised not to write on the question paper 
3. Candidates must hand in their answer booklets to the invigilator while in the 
examination room 
 
 
 
 
SECTION A 
1. Explain what a wireless mesh network is and state two advantages it offers over traditional 
wired networks.          (3marks) 
2. Compare and contrast centralized computing and distributed computing.   (2marks) 
3. What is a Virtual Private Network (VPN), and what are its two main advantages?  (3marks) 
4. Explain the significance of the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) in a network.  (2marks) 
5. What is a fully qualified domain name (FQDN), and why is it important in DNS?  (2marks) 
6. Define Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and explain its role in email communication.  
(2marks) 
7. Explain how DHCP assigns IP addresses dynamically. What mechanisms are in place to 
ensure that duplicate IP addresses are not assigned, and how can DHCP reservations be 
beneficial in a corporate environment?       (3marks) 
8. ARP resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses. Describe a scenario in which an attacker could 
exploit ARP, and suggest mitigation techniques.      (3marks) 
9. A system administrator notices that some devices on the network are getting incorrect IP 
addresses, causing connectivity issues. The company uses DHCP for IP allocation. Describe 
the troubleshooting steps you would take to diagnose and resolve this issue.  (3marks) 
10. A user complains that they are unable to access a website using its domain name, but when 
they type the IP address directly, the site loads fine. What troubleshooting steps would you 
take to identify and resolve the issue?       (3marks) 
11. The Secure Shell (SSH) protocol is widely used for remote management. Explain how SSH 
enhances security compared to Telnet, and discuss the encryption methods used in SSH 
communication          (3marks) 
12. Differentiate between connection-oriented and connectionless protocols.   (1mark) 
SECTION B 
QUESTION ONE 
1. An organization is experiencing slow network speeds and frequent packet loss. After 
analyzing their infrastructure, you discover they are using a traditional bus topology. What 
network redesign strategy would you propose to improve performance, and why?   (5 
marks) 
 
 
2. A financial institution wants to improve the speed and reliability of its network traffic, 
particularly for real-time transactions. Explain how Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) 
could be beneficial and outline the key implementation steps.    (5 marks) 
3. A company wants to allow its remote employees to securely access internal resources over the 
internet. Explain how a Virtual Private Network (VPN) can be implemented, including the 
necessary components and security considerations.      (5 marks) 
4. A hospital requires a fault-tolerant network for its critical medical systems. Compare the 
advantages of using a mesh topology over a star topology for this purpose, and propose an 
optimized network design.         (5 marks) 
QUESTION TWO 
a) Your organization has been assigned the network 172.16.0.0/16 and wants to divide it into 
eight subnets to support different departments. 
I. What subnet mask should be used to achieve this? (2marks) 
II. How many usable host addresses will each subnet have? (2marks) 
III. Why is subnetting important in large networks? (1mark) 
b) A user complains that they cannot access network resources. After checking their system, you 
find that their IP address is 169.254.10.25. 
I. What does this IP address indicate? (2 marks) 
II. List and explain three possible steps to resolve this issue. (3 marks) 
c) Your company has an internal network using the private IP range 192.168.1.0/24 but needs 
internet access using a single public IP. 
I. What type of NAT should be implemented? (2 marks) 
II. Explain two benefits of using NAT for security and IP address management. (3 
marks) 
d) Your organization is transitioning from IPv4 to IPv6. 
I. Identify two key differences between IPv4 and IPv6. (2 marks) 
II. Explain the role of an IPv6 link-local address and why it is important. (3 
marks) 
QUESTION THREE 
a) Your company has recently expanded, and network congestion is becoming a serious issue. 
The current network relies on hubs for connectivity. Propose a detailed solution to improve 
 
 
network performance, specifying the devices you would replace or add and justifying your 
choices.            
 (5Marks) 
b) A company has multiple branch offices that need to communicate securely over the internet. 
Compare and recommend the best solution between site-to-site VPNs and MPLS, considering 
factors such as cost, security, and performance.      (5Marks) 
c) A company wants to improve its network security after experiencing data breaches. As a 
network administrator, propose three security measures and explain how each measure would 
protect the network against cyber threats.       (10marks) 
QUESTION FOUR 
a) Explain the OSI model, describing each layer's function in detail. Provide real-world 
examples of network components or protocols operating at each layer.    (10 
marks)  
b) An IT manager notices that employees frequently experience IP address conflicts, causing 
network downtime. Analyze the root cause of this issue and describe how implementing a 
DHCP server would resolve the problem. Include potential configurations that would optimize 
address allocation.          (5 Marks) 
c) A data center administrator is tasked with optimizing data traffic between multiple high-traffic 
application servers. Explain how load balancers can be used to distribute network traffic 
efficiently, prevent bottlenecks, and ensure high availability.    (5 Marks) 
QUESTION FIVE 
a) Your organization wants to restrict external access to its internal network while allowing 
employees to access the internet. 
I. Which IP addressing strategy should be implemented? (1 mark) 
II. How does this strategy enhance security? (2 marks) 
b) Your office network uses the IP range 192.168.5.0/24 with a default gateway 192.168.5.1. 
I. Explain the function of the default gateway in this network. (2 marks) 
II. What would happen if a computer is missing the default gateway setting? (1 mark) 
c) A user reports that they are unable to access the internet. You check their IP address and find 
that it is 169.254.5.12. 
I. What does this IP address indicate? (1 mark) 
II. What steps would you take to resolve this issue? (2 marks) 
d) Your company has been assigned the IP address 172.20.5.10/16. 
 
 
I. Identify the class of this IP address. (1 mark) 
II. What is the default subnet mask for this address class? (1mark) 
III. How many hosts can be accommodated in this network? (1mark) 
e) Your organization is experiencing frequent IP conflicts, causing network connectivity issues. 
The company is currently using static IP addressing for all devices. As the network 
administrator, propose a solution to resolve this issue and explain the steps you would take to 
implement it.           (5 marks) 
f) SMTP, POP3, and IMAP4 are used in email communication. Explain the specific role of each 
protocol and why organizations might prefer IMAP4 over POP3.    (3marks) 
 


COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND NETWORKING LAB

SBB 1203

 
 
 
JARAMOGI OGINGA ODINGA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & 
TECHNOLOGY  
SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL PHYSICAL MATHEMATICS AND 
ACTUARIAL SCIENCES 
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF 
SCIENCE IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES WITH IT 
2
ND
 YEAR SECOND SEMESTER 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR 
MAIN CAMPUS - REGULAR 
 
COURSE CODE:   SBB 1203 
COURSE TITLE:    ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY II                                    
EXAM VENUE:BOT-LAB  STREAM: BSC BIOLOGICAL 
SCIENCES                                                   
DATE:14/4/25   EXAM SESSION:15-17.00 HRS  
TIME:                                   2 HOURS 
Instructions: 
1. Answer ALL questions in Section A and Any two questions in 
Section B 
2. Candidates are advised not to write on question paper 
3. Candidates must hand in their answer booklets to the invigilator while in 
the examination room  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
OASIS OF KNOWLE
DG
E
 
 
SECTION A: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS (30 MARKS) 
1. Describe three adaptions of mammalian alveoli to their function.          (3 marks) 
2. Explain how human body PH is controlled for optimal enzyme activities.                                            
(3 marks) 
3. State functions of the middle and inner ear.                                             (3 marks) 
4. Explain what would happen in a mammal if the cerebrum was removed. (3 marks) 
5. Describe three adaptations of mammalian ovum to its function.              (3 marks) 
6. What would happen if secretion of follicle stimulating hormone was stopped in 
human beings. (3 marks) 
7. Describe functional and structural differences sensory and motor neurons. (3 
marks) 
8. Distinguish between a hormone and enzyme. (3 marks) 
9. Describe the role of bioluminescence in insects that interact indirectly with 
mammals. (3 marks) 
10. Describe the mechanism of muscle contraction and relaxation.              (3 marks) 
 
 
SECTION B: ANSWER TWO QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)  
11. Describe the role of hormones in the human reproductive system.    (20 marks) 
 
12. Describe the mechanism of breathing, gaseous exchange and  explain how the rate 
of breathing is controlled.                                                           (20 marks) 
 
13. Describe adaptations of mammalian circulatory system to its functions and how it 
is regulated.                                                                                (20 marks) 
 
14. Describe the structure of mammalian eye to its function and how accommodation 
of objects is achieved.                                                                (20 marks) 
 


ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY II

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