JHIA Africa Thesis Bank
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The Interplay of Innovation, Institutions, and Internationalization in the Context of Emerging Markets
No full textThis dissertation contributes to international business research on the interplay of
innovation, institutions, and internationalization in the context of emerging markets.
Essay 1 examines how internationalization via cross-border acquisitions (CBAs)
enhances the subsequent innovation of emerging market multinationals (EMNEs) in their
home countries. I also found that such innovation-enhancing effect of CBAs is contingent
upon home market characteristics and acquisition relatedness. Essay 2 focuses on the
relationship between the dark side of informal institutions and foreign MNEs’ strategies
in emerging markets. I identify the illegal informal institutions as crime, corruption, and
informality, which impede foreign MNEs’ local commitment. Also, such detrimental
effect varies depending on formal institutions and an MNE’s local dependence. Essay 3
develops a new learning mechanism that improves the CBA outcomes of EMNEs. I argue
that EMNEs who lack experiential learning can learn from foreign MNEs’ inbound CBAs,
thus increasing the completion likelihood of their outbound CBAs. The benefits of
vicarious learning will be strengthened if industry relatedness is high or institutional
distance is low
Influence of Study Habit and Types of Home on Students’ Academic Performance in Ogbomoso North Local Government of Oyo State
No full textStudy habits are an individual ability. Some children like to read alone, some in a group, some read aloud and some silently; there is no strict yardstick to measure the type of study habits. Many students are unsuccessful in their examinations not because they are short of knowledge or ability, but because they do not have adequate study habits and study skills. Home as the first socialization unit which the child has continuous contact and it is also most powerful medium by which our value system develops.
The present study was conducted on 150 senior secondary school II students to find out the influence of study habits and types of home on the students studying only in government schools as well as students belonging to either nuclear or extended family. Study habit and types of home influence questionnaire (SHTHIQ) was used to collect the relevant data. Mean, S.D.and t-test were used to analyze the data. It was observed that at 0.05 level of significance, there exist a significant relationship between study habit, home types and students’ academic performance
Origins of U.S. Public Opinion for Drone Strikes: The Intersection of Elite Rhetoric, Media Coverage, and American Public Opinion, 2000-2015
No full textArmed, unmanned aerial vehicles have been an increasingly important tool of US
foreign policy since the George W. Bush era, and emerged as the Barack Obama
administration’s weapon of choice. Some say drone strikes are necessary to reduce
American casualties abroad and protect lives at home, while others argue they terrorize
communities and violate the sovereignty of states throughout the world. Meanwhile, the
American public has consistently supported this controversial tactic, while most of the
world – including close US allies – oppose it. In this dissertation, I analyze congressional
rhetoric, presidential rhetoric and mainstream TV news content regarding the use of drones
from 2000 through 2015, and compare the results to nationally representative surveys that
measure support and opposition for drone strikes. The findings show a significant
relationship between the frequency and types of messages espoused by elites and media,
and US public opinion. This result has important implications for the democratic process
and the origins of Americans’ perception of the use of force, and shows support for both
framing effects and indexing theory
Child Soldiers Recruitment and Use in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: An Ethical Perspective
No full textThe Great Lakes Region in Africa, is living today in constant insecurity and leadership instability for more than two decades. This situation affects the Congo and most of its neighboring countries in the East. This crisis gets its roots, among others, in the colonization since the “scramble for Africa” in 1885. This region has never experienced a long running period of political stability and peace. On the destructive
colonizer’s method of “divide and conquer,” one could add ethnic conflict that led to horrible situations, including the genocide in Rwanda. From 1885 to 2006, year of the first peacefully elected government, the Congo was a private property of the Belgian King Léopold II, then a Belgian Colony. Few years after independence in 1960, for thirty-two years, it knew a long destructive dictatorship of Mobutu, followed by the most brutal civil war it ever knew that killed more than 6 million people and threw millions of other into exile. The current government is not better neither, it is marked by tension and mass violation of human rights without mercy. Today there are more
than 50 armed groups active in the Eastern Congo involved in civilian violation and natural resources exploitation and trade, and thus, aggravating people’s social and economic vulnerability.
The most affected are women and children. One of the challenges and to which I focus in this study, is Child Recruitment and Use, turning the children into killing machines or instruments of violence and thus, exposing them to all kinds of hazard and disrupt their growth. Assaulting to children affects, not only the children but also their
families and communities and so, the future. If we believe in human dignity and that a society that assaults its young members, though guarantee of the future, is likely to disappear, then countering this crime is a necessity. The need to protect children, future of the society and the most vulnerable of human society was felt since World War one. Laws and treaties have been adopted on international and local levels. But they have never succeeded to stop this crime. My study argues that ethically a new method that goes beyond the only language of rights, which moreover is limited, must be initiated.
There is need to integrate to the language of rights, religious and African wisdom in drawing on themes such as imago dei, Solidarity, Love of neighbor, Ignatian method of Examen, Option for the poor, Ubuntu theology, etc. This integration grounds practical actions that could be initiated at all levels of life. It is only in doing so that one could get a sound and fitting response to Child Recruitment and Use and so ensuring the future
A Study of the Relationship between Corporate Governance Board Characteristics and Practices, and Business Performance of Zimbabwe Stock Exchange Listed Banks
No full textThe overriding aim of this study was to study the relationship between corporate
governance board characteristics and practices, and business performance of banks
listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (ZSE) at the end of 2013. Board
characteristics investigated in this study were Board composition and diversity;
Board size, meetings frequency and board members’ attendance at meetings; Chief
Executive Officer (CEO) status and succession planning; and Board committees,
with a particular emphasis on Audit, Remuneration and Nomination committees.
Both financial and non-financial business performance measures were considered.
The study sample was selected using a stratified random sampling approach.
Further in pursuit of the study a quantitative research methodology was employed,
utilizing both descriptive and inferential statistics in analyzing the data. For inferential
statistics, correlation and regression analysis models were used. In addition,
independent t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) models were also performed
on the data.
The study found a significant negative relationship between all the board
characteristics and practices under study and business performance. The study also
found a good level of compliance with corporate governance good board practices
by ZSE listed banks. Finally the study found that the identified corporate governance
board characteristics and practices cannot be used as a good predictor of business
performance of the ZSE listed banks.
The study recommended less board diversity and fewer non-executive directors on
boards. Also smaller boards were recommended together with fewer board
meetings. On CEO status and succession planning it was recommended that both
positions be occupied by the same person. Finally on board committees, it was
recommended that ZSE listed banks have as much as possible less of such boards
for enhanced business performance
Effects of Corporate Governance on Organizational Financial Performance in Kenya: A Case of Insurance Companies Listed in the Nairobi Securites Exchange (NSE)
No full textThe purpose of this study was to find out the effect of corporate governance on financial performance of insurance companies listed in the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE). The study was guided by four objectives – board size, board independence, board gender diversity and CEO duality – to establish their effect on the performance of insurance companies listed in the NSE. Through the use of descriptive research design, the study targeted all the six insurance companies listed by NSE as at December 2014. The sample size was the secondary data published from audited annual reports and websites for four insurance companies – Pan African Insurance Holding Ltd, Jubilee Holdings Ltd, Kenya Re-Insurance Corporation Ltd and CIC Insurance Group Ltd – for the year 2008 to 2014.The data was analyzed with the help of Eviews and was presented into tables. Regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between financial performance and corporate governance for insurance firms listed in the NSE. The study revealed that all the companies had zero CEO duality in which case the CEO’s and chairperson of the BOD were different persons. The study further revealed that there was an inverse relationship between ROA and company board size. The findings also revealed that there was a positive relationship between ROA and board independence. There was also a positive relationship between ROA and gender diversity of the board. The study recommends that the board size, gender diversity and composition of the insurance companies should be considered since it affects the financial performance of the organization. It also recommends that insurance companies should review their policies regarding corporate governance. Another recommendation is that the boards need to be comprised of well-educated people since they are actively involved in shaping the firms strategy. Finally, financial monitoring should be done thoroughly by the board
Effects of Devolution on Childbirth Services in Level Four Public Hospitals in Nairobi County, Kenya
No full textInternationally devolution has been advocated as a response to most healthcare challenges, and African countries have increasingly adapted it as a strategy to improve governance and remedy institutional deficiencies which highly centralized governments have experienced. The overall objective of the study was to find out the effects of devolution on childbirth services in level four public hospitals in Nairobi County. The study used Principal Agent Theory as advocated by Bossert (1998) as the main theory and the supporting theory being the Stewardship Theory (Davis, Donaldson and Schoorman, 1997). The study adopted descriptive research design and mixed methods research. Data collection involved administration of questionnaires and conducting Key Informant Interviews. The target population was 134 staff working at Mama Lucy ‗Kibaki District Hospital, Mbagathi District Hospital and Mutuini Hospital from whom a sample of 67 respondents was obtained using a stratified random sampling. The key informants were 6 practicing medical doctors, the 3 Hospital Administrators, one representative from the County Directorate of Health Services and the National Government Directorate of Medical Services. Ethical issues such as confidentiality and informed consent were considered. Reliability was ensured through a pilot study, whereas validity was achieved through proper formulation of questions and assessment by experts. Data analysis for quantitative data was carried out using descriptive statistics with the help of SPSS version 22. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. The findings revealed that childbirth services in level four public hospitals in Nairobi County were greatly underfunded with 61(100%) of the respondents stating that the funding level is inadequate. Respondents noted that inadequate financial resources negatively affected delivery in the maternity sections and the hospitals are not able to finance procurement of equipment and supplies required for childbirth services. The study also found that childbirth services were understaffed, with 61(100%) of respondents stating that human resources for childbirth services were inadequate. Staff inadequacy led to overloading of some of the staff especially in the maternity sections that runs for 24 hours a day. The study also established that maternity facilities were inadequate, which negatively affects service delivery this is according to 61(100%) of respondents. The study further revealed that the hospitals had indicators of quality assurance with 61(100%) of respondents indicating that the quality measures were effective. The study concludes that though there has been some improvement in childbirth services in level four public hospitals since devolution, however, challenges still abound that need addressing. This study therefore recommends that the National and County governments should come up with a policy to ensure consistent, constant and adequate funding of childbirth services. In addition, the hospitals management should come up with strategies that can help improve financial resources to fund facilities improvement and purchase of equipment and supplies. The study recommends that County and National Governments cooperate in the area of infrastructure development as well as streamlining procurement procedures. Further, the hospitals management in collaboration with the national and county governments should employ adequate staff in the hospitals
Assessment of Readiness for Adopting Knowledge Management in Land Development and Management Bureau: The Case of Land Holding Registration and Information Agency
No full textIn today’s knowledge-driven society and information economy, it is imperative to adopt knowledge
management in an effort to overcome deficits in information and to be competitive. This study aimed
to investigate the determinants of knowledge management (KM) adoption, as well as to assess the level
of readiness for knowledge management (KM) adoption of Land Holding Registration and Information
Agency (LHRIA). For this research, a research model which contains factors:-Strategy, Technology,
Organization, People, Culture and Environment was used.
After pre-tested, 127 questionnaires were distributed to head offices and its branches of LHRIA and 124
were returned. From the returned questionnaires, four were discarded during data screening phase. As
a result, data from 120 respondents was analysed using partial least squares (PLS). Validity and
reliability tests were conducted using Smart PLS version 3.0 software package as well descriptive and
analytical statistical reports were generated. This study revealed factors that influence KM adoption.
The revealed factors that have impacted KM adoption are Strategy (influence indirectly), Technology,
People and Culture. Meanwhile, the factors that are not connected to KM adoption are Organization
and Environment.
In addition, Aydin and Tasci’s assessment model was used to provide better insights on the level of
readiness of LHRIA for adopting KM. Based on the level of readiness of this assessment model, all
factors in the model used in this study and significant for readiness for KM adoption have computed
mean scores below the expected level of readiness (Mean (Melr) < 3.4). This implies the need for
numerous improvements in Land Holding Registration and Information Agency in order to adopt KM.
The results of this study can provide guidance to organisation’s when considering readiness and factors
significant to implementing KM. In addition, this study advances the theory of adoption behavior and
contributes to the foundation for future research aimed at improving my understanding of LHRIA and its
employee’s behavior
Factors Affecting the Implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning at Commercial Bank of Ethiopia
No full textEnterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are software systems for business management,
encompassing modules supporting functional areas such as planning, manufacturing, sales,
marketing, distribution, accounting, financial, human resource management, project management,
inventory management, service and maintenance, transportation and e-business.
When implementing an integrated and big ERP packages in to an organization, assessing the
factors that affect the implementation and sharing experience is very important. Because ERP
systems are complex and need huge budget investment, company re-arrangements and the
implementation, success depends on various technological, organizational and individual factors
of the companies and countries.
ERP success factors are variable and have different degrees of importance depending on the phase
of ERP implementation. Therefore, the study will bridge the gap to find out organizational,
technological, and individual factors affecting the implementation of ERP at each phase of ERP
implementation in the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia.
Commercial bank of Ethiopia is implementing the Oracle ERP into its organization. Focusing on
this company, the purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the organizational, technological,
and individual factors and their influence at each phase of ERP implementation. Based on detail
review of literatures, the researcher selected and used research model for the study that consists
of technological, organizational and individual factors affecting the implementation of ERP
system.
To conduct the study, the researcher has employed a case study in which qualitative research
method was also used to collect and analyze data. Pattern matching technique was used to analyze
the data collected through interview, direct observation and participation.
The research revealed that factors which affect ERP implementation as technological,
organizational and people, the stages of CBE ERP implementation (requirement analysis, solution
design, solution built and test, and production transition and support), the impacts of these factors in their associated stage and current status (progress) of ERP implementation in commercial bank
of Ethiopia in general.
The research is believed to give an insight into identification of factors affecting the
implementation of ERP system and finally recommend the good management strategy and clear
communication during the implementation of the system is a critical issue to success of the ERP
Parent Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Communication and Associated Factors among Secondary and Preparatory School Students in Fiche Town, North Shoa, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
No full textBackground: adolescence is a continuum of physical, cognitive, behavioral and psychosocial
change that is characterized by increasing levels of individual autonomy, a growing sense of
identity and self-esteem and progressive independence from adults. Open family discussion
on reproductive health (RH) issues often leads to increased awareness on RH matters and
reduces risky behaviors among adolescents
Objective: The aim of the study was to assess parent adolescent communication and
associated factors among students attending education at Abdissa Aga secondary and Fiche
preparatory schools in Fiche town, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, 2017
Method: Institution based quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted on March 27,
2017 using adapted and modified self-administered questionnaire. Two schools in the town
were included in the study. A total of 394 students were included in the study. Data was
entered using epidata manager with double entry verification. Multivariable logistic
regression analysis was performed and variables with p-value of less than 0.05 were taken as
statistically significant.
Result: The prevalence of students who had ever discussed sexual and reproductive health
issues with either of the parents on at least two topics was 118(31.2%). The independent
predictors for parent adolescent sexual and reproductive health communication were:
educational status of mother (AOR 3.164, 95%CI=1.279-7.830), father educational status
(AOR 4.848, 95%CI=1.271-18.499). Students who had knowledge about sexual and
reproductive health issues were more likely to communicate when compared to their counter
parts.
Conclusion and Recommendation: The occurence of parent adolescent sexual and
reproductive health communication is low among secondary and preparatory school in fiche
town. Fiche town administration in collaboration with concerned bodies should facilitate
adolescent-friendly services in order to enhance sex related education