JHIA Africa Thesis Bank
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Alternative Dispute Resolution: A Case Study of its Application to Intergovernmental Disputes in Kenya
No full textThe Kenya Constitution (2010) and Intergovernmental Relation Act 2012, in conformity with the policy of devolution based on non-competitive governments through mutual cooperation and consultation, requires that ADR should be applied in the management of intergovernmental disputes. This study looked at the Intergovernmental Relation legal infrastructure, its implementation, challenges and made appropriate recommendations.
The Kiambu-Muranga, Isiolo-Meru and Turkana-Baringo boundary and resource disputes were used as case studies. The respondents included County and National Government officials, community leaders, judicial officers, experts in ADR and members of the public. The research adopted an exploratory research design, using both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection from a sample population of 60 respondents selected through purposive sampling method. The findings show that the Intergovernmental Relation Act 2012 is sparingly followed by both levels of governments. ADR is informally applied mainly in community-based inter-county conflicts while disputes between national and county governments are referred to as litigation. The main challenges facing the devolved governments include poor legal and institutional frameworks. The research recommended, inter alia, legal and institutional reform through amendment of the Constitution, IGRA and the related legislation. This reform should include the formulation of a national policy on ADR to give guidelines on
its application in dispute management. The research is valuable to all stakeholders and policymakers
An analysis of the impact of Foreign Policy on Economic Development in Kenya (2013 – 2018)
No full textOne of the key goals of a state’s foreign policy is economic maximization aimed at attaining economic development. However, despite economic development being a key objective of a state’s foreign policy, many African states lack foreign policy road maps to underpin their economic development interests within the global system. By investigating Kenya’s foreign policy this study seeks to understand the relationship between foreign policy and economic development and in so doing generate knowledge that can be useful to Kenya’s policy makers and academics in crafting foreign policies that are purposeful and effective to engage proactively internationally within a 21st century globalized world. Using a mixed method research design, the research found out that there is indeed a strong relationship between foreign policy and economic development in Kenya. Having a written foreign policy document has acted as a reference point to ensure the country’s objectives are on track. Furthermore Kenya’s diplomacy with regards to bi-lateral and multi-lateral negotiations have had the most positive impact on Kenya’s economic development. Finally, as much as Kenya’s foreign policy is well articulated it can be further fine-tuned to impact Kenya’s economic development by increased funding, boosting public-private partnerships and by strengthening the diaspora function
Barriers to Education Access for Refugees with Disabilities in Nairobi, Kenya
No full textThe purpose of the study was to find out the barriers to education access for refugees with
disabilities in Nairobi, Kenya. The study investigated if indeed refugees with disabilities
are discriminated while attempting to access education, it identified the barriers that
hinder access to education and mapped out what has so far been done to ensure
accessibility. The research design employed was descriptive. Through in-depth
interviews, primary data was obtained from 50 refugees with disabilities, in and out
school, five staff from humanitarian agencies and seven administrators from schools
across Nairobi County.
It emerged from the study that proactive efforts have been made to ensure that
non-discriminatory policies are in place to ensure that refugees with disabilities in
Nairobi County can access education. Lack of proper documentation for admission,
financial constraints, inadequate healthcare and few educational facilities that cater for
learners with special needs were identified as some of the key barriers, amongst many
others at the state, institutional and community level. The study recognized that the
challenges mentioned are not unique to the refugee population but also affect citizens
with disabilities. Overall, there is extremely low enrollment of refugees with disabilities
in educational facilities in Nairobi County.
Actions currently being undertaken by humanitarian organizations and schools to
encourage higher enrollment, retention and transition to tertiary level are highlighted.
Against a background of meagre financial and non-financial resources, the approaches
being implemented by various actors are commendable, although a lot still ought to be
done
Factors Contributing to Domestic Violence against Women in Burundi: A Case Study of Bujumbura City
No full textThis study purposed to establish factors behind domestic violence against women in
Burundi, specifically in Bujumbura city from the perspective of nested ecological
theory. The study adopted an explorative design and was comprised by seventy-three
(73) research participants. Data was collected by the use of a questionnaire and
interviews; and were analyzed by means of the mixed methods. The Burundian
Government, NGOs, CSOs and CBOs will benefit from this research work as it will
enhance efforts and strategies to fight against DVAW in Burundi. Findings showed that
there exist new factors beyond culture and traditions. The patriarchal system and the
misinterpretation of cultural practices within Burundian adages informally and
indirectly steer men's violence towards women. Several factors like lack of education
among men, lack of women empowerment, socio-economic inequality, unemployment
among men, poverty and abuse of alcohol stood out in this study. The study also
indicated that the lack of men's involvement and severe Laws to address the
phenomenon in Burundi. Based on findings, the study concluded that DVAW in
Burundi originates from exosystem (related to socio-economic) and microsystem
factors (related to family setting) than macrosystem factors (related to culture).
However, various remedies came out in order to end DVAW in Bujumbura city and in
the whole country
The Church and the Awakening of Faith: Towards a Christian Reconciliation for Peace and Justice in Rwanda
No full textIn 1994, Rwanda experienced one of the greatest crimes of the twentieth century,
perpetrated by Hutu against their Tutsi neighbors, friends, and relatives. This tragedy,
which lasted less than 100 days and during which more than one million Tutsi perished,
was the result of political manipulation of the only three socio-economic groups belonging
to the Rwandan community.
The genocide of the Tutsis, which was prepared and executed with systematic
cruelty is unique in the world. Not only did it last for a short period of time with a very
large number of victims, but also it was perpetrated by Rwandans against other Rwandans.
Beyond that, the genocide against the Tutsi occurred in a country which appeared to be a
model of Christianity in Africa. Christians killed other Christians often from the same
denomination. Such a tragedy challenges the deepness of Christianity in Rwanda.
After the genocide of the Tutsi, reconciliation and justice programs have been set
up, but they have not delivered the expected results. This study proposes a reconciliation
based on a deep relationship with God. A Christian reconciliation cannot only heal the
wounds of the genocide but also especially can help Rwandans to live their Christians
values and transcend their racial identities
Police Handling of Terrorists Suspects and Youth Radicalization in Mombasa County-Kenya
No full textThis study sought to investigate the way police handle terrorism suspects and the impact it has on youth radicalization in Mombasa County. The research adopted a cross sectional research design using both quantitative and qualitative data collection method from a population of 95 respondents who were selected through random and purposeful sampling. The respondents in this study included the youth in Mombasa county, national government officials, Mombasa county government officials, police officers, the clergy, members of community based organizations and individuals from likoni sub-county, kisauni sub-county and urban sub-county. The data recorded was coded and analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) and the findings are represented in tables, charts, narratives and verbatim. The supporting theory for the study was frustration- aggression theory and the purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between police treatment of terrorist suspects and youth radicalization in Mombasa County-Kenya. The study sought to investigate policing strategies towards the local population as the cause for the failure of policies implemented to fight and prevent radicalization. The actions of police have caused conflict between the police and the local community and even pushed young people towards radicalization, police
strategies are not the only variables causing young people to become radicalized and join terrorists organizations, the police actions are the spark that ignites the already disgruntled youths towards radicalization. Police action pushes young people to adopt extremist ideologies but there are other root causes. Inasmuch as the government may look at the way Police handle terrorism suspects in the re- deradicalization strategy, addressing the root causes of youth grievances in Mombasa county is very important in addressing youth radicalization
Equity and Justice in Health Care: A Critical Ethical Reflection on Healthcare Provision, Distribution, and Accessibility in Nigeria
No full textI argue in this thesis that the neglect or mismanagement of healthcare institutions in
Nigeria by the state’s actors results in inequity in health care, and violates the principle of
justice, equity, and rights of the citizens. It is also a violation of African values. As such,
it is inconsistent with true African identity as encapsulated in the African concept of
ubuntu. It is equally inconsistent with the Christian vision of dignity of the human person,
the common good, solidarity, and subsidiarity articulated by the Christian theology and
social ethics. I rely on the framework of communitarian social ethical theory to
demonstrate that the state owes the citizens the obligation to provide them with health
care. Human life is relational in all its ramifications. A just relationship is one that leads
to human development and flourishing, by creating necessary conditions for flourishing.
Health care is a social good necessary to secure human development and flourishing that
must be provided or distributed equitably and adequately to the people who need it.
Therefore, the failure of Nigerian state in this crucial responsibility precipitates injustice.
It violates the principle of fairness and justice, not only because it thwarts the efforts of
the citizens to attain human flourishing, but also because it prevents them from
developing and sustaining capabilities needed to fulfill their own natural and moral
obligations to the community, chief among which is contribution to the common good.
Finally, in view of the state of the Nigerian healthcare system with the issues of justice
and equity that arise, I propose a multi-dimensional approach to healthcare ministry that
can tackle the multi-dimensional problems associated with health care in Nigeria
Forced Migration and Human Security in Uganda: A Study of Refugee Influx and Implications on Food Security in Arua District, West Nile Region
No full textDifferent literature sources have illustrated civil and political wars as the main driver of forced migration and refugees. As if the consequences of these wars only propel innocent and noncombatant civilians to suffer human indignity, the innocent refugees find themselves ‘unintendedly’ causing harm to another innocent group of noncombatants of host communities. This has been demonstrated by several sources of literatures that saw refugees’ influx impacting negatively on host communities’ food security. This research carried out in Arua district, West Nile Region, Uganda, investigated the effectiveness of human security approach to manage the root causes of forced migration and refugees which in turn impact on host communities’ food insecurity. By use of cross-sectional research design and non-probability sampling technique, a total population of 150 participants out of which 15 scheduled for interviews and 135 for questionnaire forms were reached to achieve three broad themes derived from the four objectives: First, general understanding of food security and how it was before and after the influx of South Sudanese refugees in West Nile Region (WNR); Secondly, South Sudanese refugees as threats to food security in the host communities of WNR; Thirdly, government and stakeholders responses towards threats to food security posed by South Sudanese refugees’ influx in WNR. The study used human security theory to extrapolate the links between wars and conflicts, refugees’ influx, human security, and food security. Just as wars and conflicts are inevitable part of human society, this study embraces the use of human security approach to protect and safeguard people from traumas that besiege human development such as hunger, diseases, poverty, political repression, environmental pollution and depletion, personal security such as criminal attacks, and community insecurity such as survival of traditional cultures since deprivation of these elements to humans have an impact on peace and stability within and between states
Fostering Dialogue and Engagement: The role of the Catholic Church in Nigeria
No full textThis thesis entitled “Fostering Dialogue and Engagement: The Role of the Catholic
Church in Nigeria,” written by Tony Terwase Famave, seeks to address the long-standing
misunderstandings between Christians and Muslims that often lead to the wanton
destruction of lives, property, and destabilization of the social order, using Vatican II as a
model for Nigeria. The ethnic and religious division in the country is further complicated
by a Muslim north which is predominantly of the Hausa Fulani tribe and the Christian south
which is mostly of the Igbo and Yoruba tribes, with a number of minority tribes counted
among the two major religions. Because of this, managing diversity has become a major
problem in the country.
This thesis traces the origin of the problem from the country’s very beginning and
attempts to proffer a solution using the ethos of the Second Vatican Council because of the
council’s ability to manage diversity well, both before the council and during the council.
Convoked by John XXIII and completed by Paul VI in 1964, Vatican II: demonstrated
openness to the world by making a broad consultation before and during the council;
employed democratic principles like voting; and called for the need to update Catholic
teaching and return to the sources of Christianity. The suggested solutions are then
classified under the aforementioned ethos of Vatican II. The paper concludes that there is
a need to return to the African understanding of religious diversity before the advent of
both Christianity and Islam in the country. There were diverse African religions on the
continent of Africa before the arrival of Islam and Christianity but the attitude was more
of tolerance and acceptance without compromising the differences. However, the arrival
of two religions brought about the idea of evangelism which led to the present conflict between Christianity and Islam. This thesis, therefore, calls for a return to the African
mindset about other religions before the advent of Islam and Christianity
Internship Report on Bole Bulbula Sewerage Line Construction Project
No full text1.1 General introduction about the internship
In Addis Ababa, the water supply service becomes 90% whereas the sanitation service only 10%. The total sewerage treatment process of Addis Ababa city assumed as 28% which means 10% by a modern sewer system and 18% by vacuum trucks.
As the city has a great role in the African continent the present sanitation level is not enough and it needs great effort and more improvement to connect the city in modern sanitation networks. Ethiopia, one of the largest population numbers in the African continent doesn't have modern sanitation service. The countries sanitation service is not developed as a water supply. The first modern wastewater treatment plant for the city was built in 1981. Before this, all collected raw sewage had been disposed of into the rivers open space and in the solid waste disposal area. Addis Ababa Water and Sewerage Authority (AAWSA) has been first established in 1971. Following the establishment of the authority, the output of the sanitation improvement study of Addis Ababa among others indicated vitality and the need for the construction of modern sewerage facilities to the city. This was realized lately after 11 years and Kaliti treatment plant, the main and secondary sewer lines with the city where constructed in 1981.
The city of Addis Ababa has been growing steadily over recent years; due to this, the city needs to connect within a modern sewerage system. Most of the city residents rely upon up onsite sanitation facility due to the limitation of the sewerage system availability.
The on-site sanitation systems are generally pit latrines and septic tanks. To manage the sanitation service in a better ground, the Addis Ababa Water and Sewerage Authority, Water and Sanitation Development and Rehabilitation Project office (AAWSA, WSDRPO) had hired an individual consultant and enabled to get an updated wastewater master plan for the three catchments. The existing wastewater master plan study has proposed to manage the wastewater by dividing the city into three catchments namely Akaki, Kaliti, and Eastern catchments. In addition to sewerage pipelines, AAWSA is implementing the collection of waste by vacuum trucks injecting the two treatment plants, Kotebe drying bed and Old Kaliti drying bed, and directly to sewerage line