USB Journals (Univ. Köln)
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Umgang mit großen Datensätzen zur Untersuchung von Medienaussagen: Vorstellung einer Typologie wesentlicher Praktiken
No full textDie Untersuchung von Medienaussagen ist wegen der Zunahme von Falschmeldungen unumgänglich. Dabei können Mathematik und Daten helfen. Eine Typologie, welche die zur Untersuchung von Medienaussagen wesentlichen Praktiken beschreibt und klassifiziert, wird theoretisch hergeleitet. Anschließend werden Hinweise auf die Ausführung und exemplarische Ausgestaltung der Praktiken bei einer Aufgabenbearbeitung einer in dem Projekt „Strengthening Teachers’ Instructional Capabilities with Big Data“ entstandenen Aufgabe exemplarisch identifiziert. Qualitative Auswertungen zeigen, dass viele Hinweise auf die in der Typologie postulierten Praktiken bei der Aufgabenbearbeitung identifiziert werden konnten
Fugas escravas e tráfico de africanos no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (1822-1855), com especial referência a 1829
No full textThe study of slave flights in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, can be furthered through the construction of a time series. The movement of flights was intimately connected to the slave trade, more than to any other phenomenon, and many changes affected the traffic from 1821 through 1855. An enormous growth took place during the 1820s, and a prohibition was intended in 1830-1831, with real effects during the first half of the decade. Contraband gained momentum from 1835 on, and fluctuations continued. The movement and the fluctuations of flights, as well as the characteristics of the runaways, could be understood considering the impact of the slave trade. The history of slave trade to Brazil also explains the upsurge of flights occurred in 1829, and reactions to it are also studied here. This article was developed through a massive survey of slave flights announcements published in the Diário do Rio de Janeiro and Jornal do Commercio. The analyses of such periodicals allow us to understand contemporary perceptions about the effects of the increase in captive escapes on the social life of the then Brazilian capital.O estudo da fuga de escravos no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, pode ser aprofundado através da construção de uma série temporal. A ocorrência das fugas estava intimamente ligada ao tráfico de escravos, mais do que a qualquer outro fenômeno, e muitas mudanças afetaram o tráfico de 1821 a 1855. Um enorme crescimento ocorreu durante a década de 1820, e uma proibição foi pretendida em 1830-1831, com efeitos reais durante a primeira metade da década. O contrabando ganhou impulso a partir de 1835 e as flutuações continuaram. O movimento e as flutuações das fugas, bem como as características dos fugitivos, poderiam ser compreendidos considerando o impacto do tráfico de escravos. A história do comércio de escravos para o Brasil também explica o recrudescimento das fugas acontecidas em 1829, e as reações a ele também são estudadas aqui. O presente artigo foi desenvolvido por meio do levantamento massivo de anúncios de fugas de cativos publicados no Diário do Rio de Janeiro e no Jornal do Commercio. O estudo de tais periódicos possibilita o conhecimento das percepções da época acerca dos efeitos do aumento das fugas de cativos na vida social da então capital brasileira.The study of slave flights in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, can be furthered through the construction of a time series. The movement of flights was intimately connected to the slave trade, more than to any other phenomenon, and many changes affected the traffic from 1821 through 1855. An enormous growth took place during the 1820s, and a prohibition was intended in 1830-1831, with real effects during the first half of the decade. Contraband gained momentum from 1835 on, and fluctuations continued. The movement and the fluctuations of flights, as well as the characteristics of the runaways, could be understood considering the impact of the slave trade. The history of slave trade to Brazil also explains the upsurge of flights occurred in 1829, and reactions to it are also studied here. This article was developed through a massive survey of slave flights announcements published in the Diário do Rio de Janeiro and Jornal do Commercio. The analyses of such periodicals allow us to understand contemporary perceptions about the effects of the increase in captive escapes on the social life of the then Brazilian capital
La movilización estudiantil del profesorado por la renovación de sus planes de estudio durante la última transición hacia la democracia en Argentina (1984-1988)
No full textEste artículo analiza la incidencia de la movilización estudiantil en los procesos de renovación de la formación docente durante la última transición a la democracia en Argentina. A partir de un corpus empírico múltiple, el estudio evidencia los cuestionamientos del estudiantado de los profesorados sobre diversos aspectos de su experiencia formativa y examina cómo dichas demandas se articularon con la conflictividad político-educativa del período. En primer lugar, se abordan los años iniciales de la posdictadura, recuperando las reivindicaciones orientadas a impugnar las perspectivas, tendencias y modalidades formativas heredadas del régimen de facto, entre ellas la exigencia de derogación de los planes de estudio implementados en 1982
bajo la gestión del ministro Cayetano A. Licciardo durante la última dictadura cívico-militar. En segundo lugar, se analizan las respuestas del movimiento estudiantil, ya avanzado el gobierno alfonsinista, frente a dos innovaciones pedagógicas impulsadas por la recientemente creada Dirección Nacional de Educación Superior (DINES): las modalidades de participación articuladas al nuevo plan de estudios (MEB) y el régimen de evaluación sin examen final obligatorio, que suscitaron tanto resistencias como alternativas propositivas. El artículo concluye mostrando que la movilización estudiantil contribuyó a imprimir rasgos singulares a la implementación de las políticas educativas dirigidas al sector. En un contexto regional aún marcado por los efectos de la Operación Cóndor y por el advenimiento de tendencias a la mercantilización de la Educación Superior, estas acciones estudiantiles resultaron decisivas para configurar los contornos de una renovación pedagógica en los Institutos Superiores de formación docente.This article examines the impact of student mobilization on the renewal of the formative experience of teacher-education students during Argentina’s most recent transition to democracy. Drawing on a multiple empirical base, it reveals the challenges posed by this segment of the student body to several features of their academic training and analyzes how these demands intersected with the political conflict and educational policies of the period. First, the article focuses on the years of the so-called post-dictatorship, reconstructing the claims aimed at questioning the perspectives, tendencies, and training modalities inherited from the previous period—particularly the demand to revoke the curricula imposed in 1982 by Minister of Education Cayetano A. Licciardo during the last de facto civil-military dictatorship. Second, it examines the student responses, during the more advanced stage of the Alfonsín administration, to two pedagogical innovations proposed by the newly created National Directorate of Higher Education (DINES): the modalities of student participation linked to the MEB curriculum and the implementation of non-mandatory final examinations—both of which elicited opposition as well as alternative proposals.The article concludes by reflecting on how student mobilization shaped the tempo and specific contours of the educational policies targeting the sector in a region still marked by Operation Condor, where a trend toward the marketization of Higher Education was beginning to crystallize.This article examines the impact of student mobilization on the renewal of the formative experience of teacher-education students during Argentina’s most recent transition to democracy. Drawing on a multiple empirical base, it reveals the challenges posed by this segment of the student body to several features of their academic training and analyzes how these demands intersected with the political conflict and educational policies of the period. First, the article focuses on the years of the so-called post-dictatorship, reconstructing the claims aimed at questioning the perspectives, tendencies, and training modalities inherited from the previous period—particularly the demand to revoke the curricula imposed in 1982 by Minister of Education Cayetano A. Licciardo during the last de facto civil-military dictatorship. Second, it examines the student responses, during the more advanced stage of the Alfonsín administration, to two pedagogical innovations proposed by the newly created National Directorate of Higher Education (DINES): the modalities of student participation linked to the MEB curriculum and the implementation of non-mandatory final examinations—both of which elicited opposition as well as alternative proposals.The article concludes by reflecting on how student mobilization shaped the tempo and specific contours of the educational policies targeting the sector in a region still marked by Operation Condor, where a trend toward the marketization of Higher Education was beginning to crystallize
The Disruption of Normativity: Queer Desire and Negativity in Morrissey and The Smiths
No full textTwo of the terms most frequently used by scholars and music journalists alike to describe former The Smiths singer Morrissey’s persona are ambiguous and ambivalent – an evaluation that applies among other things to his attitude towards gender and sexuality. While Morrissey refuses to classify himself in any predefined categories of gender and sexuality, his own and his band’s musical canon is rife with narratives of queer desire and instances of sexual intimacy, which often allow for both a gay and a straight viewpoint. It is precisely this ambiguity that offers the possibility of an interpretation offside a compulsory heterosexuality and –normativity, therefore opening it to a queer audience. It is furthermore among the reasons why lyrics by Morrissey and The Smiths, as I will argue, qualify as queer texts. In order to establish and defend such a view, this paper will draw on Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick’s approach of a queer reading and her work on homosocial desire in literature, Harold Beaver’s examination of homosexual signs, and Teresa de Lauretis definition of queer texts. One of the pillars of de Lauretis’s classification is that of non-closure of a narrative and is thus closely linked to queer negativity and non-futurity. Morrissey and The Smiths’ oeuvre offers a significant set of songs that embrace these ideas. Deriving from Jack Halberstam’s concept of the queer art of failure, Lee Edelman’s critique of reproductive futurism, Judith Butler’s reflections on the term queer, and José Esteban Muñoz’s conceptualisation of a queer utopia I will show how Morrissey uses different formulas of negativity and longing to generate power from, thus transforming them into critique of regimes of the normal. It is in this diverse and subversive expression of queer negativity and desire that Morrissey disrupts normativity and its underlying stigmatising and discriminating potential
Review: Anne J. Cruz and María Cristina Quintero, editors: Beyond Spain’s Borders: Women Players in Early Modern National Theaters
No full textIn lieu of an abstract, here is the first paragraph of the review:
In this volume of ten essays, Anne J. Cruz and María Cristina Quintero bring together valuable works examining the real and fictional women who played pivotal roles in the cultivation of early modern drama and in the theater departing from and coming into the Iberian Peninsula and other European realms. As a scholar of Spanish Golden Age Literature, I find that this collection enriches the study of drama and theater from a nontraditional perspective, where women engaged and impacted the transformations in the theatrical practices and the gendered effect of Spanish histories, legends and cultural stereotypes, especially as incorporated or adapted in the French and the English drama. The book exceeded my high expectations through the fruitful investigations it provides, restructuring to the readers a clear map of the role of women. After a perusal of the contents, these essays complement one another by drawing the evolving presence of women in the pan-European theater, especially in the tradition of Spanish comedia and Italian commedia dell’arte. Despite the editors’ thematically organized units, however, each essay remains a discrete project elucidating women’s experiences on both the domestic and the transnational stage. In presenting the analyses and conclusions of this volume, I shall focus my efforts on the chapters that offer the most provocative interventions in this field
Senselessness, Indeterminacy, and Sexual Ideology in Hemingway’s “The Sea Change”
No full text“The Sea Change” is a somewhat anomalous entry in the Hemingway oeuvre. The story tells of the separation between a man and a woman at a bar. ‘The girl,’ we learn, is leaving ‘the man’ for another woman, at which the man condemns her other relationship as ‘vice’ and ‘perversion.’ Ironically, the man likely himself harbors homosexual desires, and at the promptings of the girl, comes to accept his non-normative sexuality. While many critics have attempted determinate readings of ‘The Sea Change,’ in this paper I show that its very evasion of determinacy is central to its thematic and narrative construction. In the first section, I treat a statement that the man makes – ‘I’ll kill her’ – in which I find a typology illuminative of the man’s ideological stance. In the following two sections, I give a detailed linguistic treatment to two conversations which, crucially, are constituted by indexicals. I find that naming is of central import in the two conversations and that sense is paired with a normative heterosexual ideology and senselessness is paired with a sexually non-normative ideology. In the final section, I treat the last act of the story in which the man undergoes his sea change. Indeterminacy and paradox, analogous to the senselessness of the two analyzed conversations, accompany the man’s metamorphosis, suggesting that his sea change was one in which he detaches from a heterosexual ideology and acquires a sexually non-normative ideology, as the girl presently has
"Powerful Infatuations": The Love Potion and Harry Potter’s Ethics of Consent
No full textJ.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter books have been remarkably successful on a global scale, and have been lauded for their optimistic, affectively celebratory visions of justice, ethics, and individual freedom. At the same time, a number of scholars including Farah Mendlesohn, Jack Zipes, and Maria Nikolajeva have pointed out the problematic conservatism and ethical insufficiency of the texts’ moral visions, which perpetuate a stultifying vision of autonomy. In this article, I seek to highlight the ideological roots of this vision in a late capitalist rationale of self-interest, with a focus on the texts’ treatment of romantic relationships and issues of consent, by analysing depictions of the love potion. My article explores the different narrative strategies employed in Harry Potter to shift readerly attention away from the problematic aspects of a magical commodity, whose function is to manipulate consent and autonomy, by instead highlighting them as amusing, largely harmless artefacts of wizardly childhood. Such strategies, as shall be explored, range from comic relief and abrupt narrative breaks in the form of foils to reversal of real-world gender associations and sanitisation of teenage romantic narratives. By examining how a popular fantasy text dilutes the issues of consent and coercion with reference to such an object, I seek to illuminate how the contemporary neoliberal ethos of the books participates in the reconfiguration of autonomy in terms of individual self-interest. Such a reconfiguration has a pervasive and significant influence not only on socio-economic behaviour, but also on cultural depictions of socio-romantic agency and perceptions of consent, autonomy, and manipulatio
What Makes a Family? The Radical Portrayal of Diverse Families in Australian Picture Books
No full textChildren’s fiction has a history of challenging family conventions, from the inevitable wicked stepmother throughout fairy tales to the orphaned protagonists of 19th century children’s novels. In recent years there has been a small, but important, increase in Australian published picture books that showcase family diversity. However, family diversity is still a contentious issue in Australian picture books. Divergence from the traditional or nuclear family model, whether by structure, culture, gender or sexuality, remains nothing short of radical. The most common portrayal of a ‘typical’ Australian picture book family is white, middle class, with both biological parents and a male child protagonist. Australian picture book families are not just traditionally ‘intact’, but heteronormative, able-bodied, fully biological and highly gendered
Review: Ambelin and Ezekiel Kwaymullina. Catching Teller Crow.
No full textIn lieu of an abstract, here is the first paragraph of the review:
Catching Teller Crow, published in August 2018, is Ambelin and Ezekiel Kwaymullina’s first co-authored YA novel. As a sibling team, they have collaborated in the past on short novels and picture books, and this publication adds to their long-standing literary track record – delving deep into one of colonialism’s darkest legacies: the stolen generations in Australia and the history of forced child removal. “I’m not telling you what happened to ask for help”, says Isobel Catching, one of the narrative’s young adult protagonists, but “to be heard” (100), thus offering the novel’s programmatic punch-line. Twenty-one years after the “Bringing them Home Report”, which concluded the “National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from their Families” (1997), Catching Teller Crow tackles the unfinished business of colonialism and offers a powerful story of strength, resilience and survival
COVID-19 and Trans Healthcare: Yes, Global Pandemics are (also) a Trans Rights Issue
No full textTrans healthcare and thus trans people have been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Trans people’s healthcare situations have turned out to be so vulnerable in this crisis because they have been precarious to begin with. There are multiple ways in which trans healthcare has been affected: Surgeries and other procedures have been cancelled or postponed, and mental health services have been paused or moved online. This raises ethical questions around discrimination against trans people in the healthcare system. This article argues that cancelling trans surgeries and procedures in the COVID-19 crisis is made possible through an understanding of trans healthcare as non-essential. The article explores how trans healthcare in particular has been affected by the pandemic