USB Journals (Univ. Köln)
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Estimating the probability of AI existential catastrophe: Converging on the answer from opposite ends
No full textIn this commentary, I focus on how the survival story approach of Cappelen et al. advances probabilistic estimation of AI doom. While I highly commend Cappelen et al.’s methodology, I make two points: First, in their paper, they – to some extent – neglect “multipolar” survival stories in which there are many different superhumanly intelligent AI systems. Second, this is an instance of the general issue that their methodology threatens to overestimate the probability of AI doom, by overlooking important survival stories. The survival story methodology can be seen as providing an upper bound for the probability of AI doom. Since the traditional methodology provides a lower bound for the probability of AI doom, both methodologies should be combined
Jóvenes imprudentes: conducta peligrosa y juventud liminal en Nueva España
Get PDFEighteenth-century transformations in the ideas about manliness in New Spain gave rise to the perception of scandalous behaviour among the sons of elite families. These young men partied, drank to excess, gambled, womanized, and refused any respectable occupations—all activities that previously had been dismissed as the “folly of youth.” Where dangerous conduct within the period of liminal youth, from the ages of 20 to 25, had previously been tolerated, new ideas about masculinity made such actions a threat to family honour. Changes in vagrancy laws in the eighteenth century allowed families to use the state to discipline their offspring and supress the scandals. Families denounced their sons thus allowing themselves to take the high moral ground and to contain the scandal of their sons’ conduct. Using the ideas of Ari Adut, I explore the logic of the denunciations and their use by elite families in New Spain in order to understand the radical departure of conceptions of scandals among elite families and their deployment of vagrancy denunciations.Eighteenth-century transformations in the ideas about manliness in New Spain gave rise to the perception of scandalous behaviour among the sons of elite families. These young men partied, drank to excess, gambled, womanized, and refused any respectable occupations—all activities that previously had been dismissed as the “folly of youth.” Where dangerous conduct within the period of liminal youth, from the ages of 20 to 25, had previously been tolerated, new ideas about masculinity made such actions a threat to family honour. Changes in vagrancy laws in the eighteenth century allowed families to use the state to discipline their offspring and supress the scandals. Families denounced their sons thus allowing themselves to take the high moral ground and to contain the scandal of their sons’ conduct. Using the ideas of Ari Adut, I explore the logic of the denunciations and their use by elite families in New Spain in order to understand the radical departure of conceptions of scandals among elite families and their deployment of vagrancy denunciations.Las transformaciones dieciochescas en las ideas sobre la hombría en la Nueva España suscitaron una nueva percepción de que los hijos de familias de la elite actuaban de forma escandalosa. Estos jóvenes festejaban toda la noche, se emborrachaban, participaban en juegos, eran mujeriegos y rehusaban cualquier oficio o trabajo respetable—todas actividades que previamente se descartaba como la “locura de la juventud”. Las conductas peligrosas del periodo de la juventud liminal, desde los 20 hasta los 25, antes habían sido toleradas, pero las nuevas ideas de la masculinidad redefinieron estas acciones como una amenaza al honor familiar. Los cambios en las leyes de vagancia permitieron a las familias utilizar el estado para disciplinar sus hijos y suprimir los escándalos. En las denuncias a sus hijos, las familias se permitieron una superioridad moral y contener los escándalos de la conducta de sus hijos. Utilizando las ideas de Ari Adut, exploro la lógica de las denuncias y su uso por las familias de la elite novohispana para entender la ruptura radical de los conceptos del escándalo entre las familias de la elite y su despliegue de las denuncias de vagancia
La formación del Archivo Nacional del Perú (1861-1920)
Get PDFDieser Artikel befasst sich mit der Geschichte des Nationalarchivs von 1861, dem Jahr seiner Gründung, bis 1920, als es volle institutionelle Autonomie erlangte und begann, als Dienst zu fungieren. Das Studium der Geschichte des Nationalarchivs ermöglicht es uns zu verstehen, wie ein Teil der peruanischen Elite die soziale Funktion der Geschichte verstand; und reflektieren Sie über die Herausforderungen, die oft mit der Umsetzung von Kulturunternehmen in unserem Land einhergehen. Die Rekonstruktion der Geschichte des Archivs zeigt auch die Unsicherheit der staatlichen Institutionen in Peru.This article deals with the formation of the National Archive between 1861, the year it was created, until 1920, when it acquired full institutional autonomy and began to function as a public service. In this article I argue that the need to have a National Archive was based on two foundations. Firstly, to serve for the writing of national history, particularly of the colonial period; and, secondly, sustain the political interests of the State. However, six decades had to pass to achieve these goals. This was because he had to overcome economic difficulties and face the ups and downs of political history. To understand the need of a sector of the political and intellectual elite to have an archive, this article begins with a description of the state of the documentary heritage before 1861. It continues with the explanation of the circumstances of its legal creation and its length and eventful process of constitution as a service.Este artículo trata acerca de la formación del Archivo Nacional del Perú entre 1861, año de su creación, hasta 1920, cuando adquirió plena autonomía institucional y empezó a funcionar como un servicio público. En el presente ensayo argumento que la necesidad de contar con un Archivo Nacional se sustentó en dos fundamentos: servir para la escritura de la historia patria, en particular del periodo colonial, y sustentar los intereses políticos del Estado. No obstante, para el logro de tales fines tuvieron que pasar seis décadas. Ello se debió a que tuvo que vencer dificultades económicas y enfrentar los vaivenes de la historia política. Para entender la necesidad de un sector de la élite política e intelectual por contar con un archivo, este artículo se inicia con una descripción del estado del patrimonio documental antes de 1861. Sigue con la explicación de las circunstancias de la creación legal de la institución y de su largo y accidentado proceso de constitución como servicio
In memoriam Inge Buisson-Wolff
Get PDFEl 3 de abril de 2024 falleció Inge Buisson-Wolff, la distinguida historiadora latinoamericanista de Hamburgo, a la edad de 103 años. En los años de 1950/1960, el enfoque a la historia colonial era punto esencial en las investigaciones de los historiadores alemanes. En cambio, Inge Buisson-Wolff empezó a dedicarse – y es éste su gran mérito – a la historia latinoamericana de los siglos XIX y XX, en especial al proceso de formación de los estados y las naciones en Hispanoamérica. Sus trabajos tan valiosos han contruído al prestigio y arraigo de la historiografía latinoamericanista en Alemania.El 3 de abril de 2024 falleció Inge Buisson-Wolff, la distinguida historiadora latinoamericanista de Hamburgo, a la edad de 103 años. En los años de 1950/1960, el enfoque a la historia colonial era punto esencial en las investigaciones de los historiadores alemanes. En cambio, Inge Buisson-Wolff empezó a dedicarse – y es éste su gran mérito – a la historia latinoamericana de los siglos XIX y XX, en especial al proceso de formación de los estados y las naciones en Hispanoamérica. Sus trabajos tan valiosos han contruído al prestigio y arraigo de la historiografía latinoamericanista en Alemania.El 3 de abril de 2024 falleció Inge Buisson-Wolff, la distinguida historiadora latinoamericanista de Hamburgo, a la edad de 103 años. En los años de 1950/1960, el enfoque a la historia colonial era punto esencial en las investigaciones de los historiadores alemanes. En cambio, Inge Buisson-Wolff empezó a dedicarse – y es éste su gran mérito – a la historia latinoamericana de los siglos XIX y XX, en especial al proceso de formación de los estados y las naciones en Hispanoamérica. Sus trabajos tan valiosos han contruído al prestigio y arraigo de la historiografía latinoamericanista en Alemania
„Und dadurch fühlt man, sag ich jetzt mal, die Geschichte dazu…” Ästhetische Erfahrungen im Umgang mit Bilderbuch-Apps
Get PDFBilderbuch-Apps zählen zu den meistverbreiteten und bekanntesten Formaten digitaler Bilderbücher, sodass die literaturdidaktische Forschung und die Schulpraxis aufgerufen sind, sich Formen der schulischen Umsetzung und Kriterien der Anwendbarkeit zu überlegen (vgl. Schiefele 2018, 2). Um diesen Schritt zu gehen, bedarf es jedoch zunächst empirisch geprüfter Erkenntnisse zum konkreten Umgang mit Bilderbuch-Apps, die Potenziale, aber auch Herausforderungen in der Rezeptionssituation aufzeigen. Vor diesem Hintergrund berichtet der vorliegende Beitrag ex-emplarische Ergebnisse einer Rezeptionsstudie mit Grundschüler:innen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass das vielerorts theoretisch angenommene Potenzial von Bilderbuch-Apps für ein ästhetisches Erleben, Wahrnehmen und Reflektieren sowohl in Einzel- als auch in Tandemsettings nicht im vollen Umfang ausgeschöpft wird. Ursächlich hierfür scheint eine noch ungeschulte Rezeptionshaltung zu sein, die sich stark von involvierenden und affizierenden Elementen der Apps einfangen lässt. Dies lässt den Schluss zu, dass die Fertigkeiten und Fähigkeiten von Schüler:innen im Umgang mit multimodalen Texten in Überlegungen zum Einsatz von Bilderbuch-Apps zwingend mitgedacht werden müssen.
Abstract (english):
Picture book apps are among the most widespread and best-known formats of digital picture books (Schiefele 2018, 2). Therefore, educational research and teachers are called upon to develop forms of implementation and criteria for application. To be able to take this step, however, empirically based evidence on the specific use of picture book apps is required first. This is necessary to become aware of potentials and challenges in reception situations. In this context, this article reports first results of a reception study with primary school pupils. In this, it turns out that the theoretical potential of picture book apps for aesthetic experience, aesthetic perception and reflection is not fully exploited, neither in individual nor in tandem settings. It seems that the reason for this is a yet untrained approach to reception, which is strongly influenced by the involving and stimulating elements of the apps. This leads to the general conclusion that the skills and abilities of primary school pupils in dealing with multimodal texts must always be taken into account when considering the use of picture book apps
Introduction
Get PDFLanguage is at the heart of this issue of The Mouth and central to the triad migration – language – integration. All of the contributions to this issue focus on language and its intersection with migration and/or integration, and language also lies at the core of our own research. Migration – or to use a more neutral and inclusive term – mobility is considered to be the most decisive factor influencing life in the 21st century in a world characterized by cultural superdiversity. Whatever type of migration and migration itinerary a person pursues, has pursued or intends on pursuing, the process of learning of a new language or language variety, new registers, styles, and sociolinguistic patterns, is almost inevitable. A declared political aim of European countries and other countries in the global North is integration, inclusion and participation of immigrants permanently living in the country. This idea is based on the ideology of the nation state as a unit the members of which are essentially alike, i.e. having a common identity united in one territory and speaking one language. However, the suggested homogeneity is in fact imaginary, for several reasons
Linguistic choices in multilingual families. The interactions of ideologies and family language policy
Get PDFThis contribution questions which decisions multilingual speakers take according to the languages they speak within their families and how these decisions interact with their language ideologies. Based on the interactive methods of qualitative interviews and participant observation in the family context, the family’s language policy is the focus of my study. I compare the parents’ reasons for their language choices and the measures taken to implement their individual language policy. To enrich, to complement and to change perspective on the existing studies mostly concentrating on the output of multilingualism (i.e. the language abilities of the children), this paper focusses on the parents and their language behavior, the choices they make according to the communication within their family and the reasons for these choices