Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
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Influence of the Potato Production System in the Soil Suppressiveness to Bacterial Wilt
No full textThe potato crop is highly affected by soil-borne diseases motivating its continuous migration to non-cultivated areas. Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia spp. is one of the main diseases affecting the potato crop in Brazil, since the conventional production system, used throughout the country, promotes an ideal environment for proliferation of members of this pathogen complex. Studying alternative potato production systems aiming to improve the soil biological properties is necessary in order to avoid the continuous migration of the potato crop to new areas. The objective of this work was to evaluate different potato production systems, namely, the Paces an alternative potato production system and the organic potato production systems in contrast to the conventional production system, a soil from the Paces system sterilized through autoclaving and an undisturbed Atlantic rainforest soil regarding the soil suppressiveness to bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications, arranged in a 4 x 4 + 1 factorial scheme, the main factor being the production system and the secondary factor corresponding to the doses of soil contaminated with R. solanacearum added to each treatment (0, 25, 50 and 75%). The additional treatment corresponded to the soil of the conventional system with high incidence of R. solanacearum. The soil suppressiveness to bacterial wilt is a biological process inhibited by autoclaving. The Paces and the organic potato production systems have a significant potential to suppress R. solanacearum in infested soil
Effect of Powdered and Composted Meat Bones on the Growth and Yield of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)
No full textFor agriculture, the most important is the soil’s function as a base and medium for plant growth. The soil health and soil condition are important for plant growth. And the management of soil organic matter is an important part in case of managing soil health and maintaining soil conditions. The experiment was carried out in the field lab (Net House) of Soil, Water and Environment discipline, Khulna University, Bangladesh. Total 21 plastic pots were used to continue the experiment with 7 treatments. For the experiment, the meat bones were collected and used in the experimental pot along with soil in different doses. This research has revealed that meat bones both powdered and composted, has significantly increased (about 20-25%) the growth parameters of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) such as a number of leaves, shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight and moisture content. So, the application of powdered and composted meat bones in soil will contribute in the growth of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)
Physicochemical and Nutritional Properties of Date (Phoenix reclinata) from Dabou (Côte d’Ivoire)
No full textThe date, Phoenix dactylifera is known for its richness in nutrients. Given the high selling price and its scarcity, some rural populations in Côte d\u27Ivoire consume the Phoenix reclinata date without knowing the functional properties for their well-being. The highlighting of the nutritional value of these fruits is necessary to promote its valorization and its consumption in the form of bioformulated foods. Thus, the physicochemical and antioxidant properties as well as the mineral richness contained in the pulps and the cores were determined using the Association of Official Analytical Chemists and spectrophotometric methods The analyzes were carried out on ripe fruits dried at 20°C in the laboratory of agrovalorization of the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Jean Lorougnon Guédé between March and May 2019. The results reveal that the pulps and the cores are weakly acidic with respectively pH values of 6.37 ± 0.13 and 5.74 ± 0.06. The pulps and the cores contain respectively dry matter contents (90.39 ± 0.14 against 92.1 ± 0.02), in fibers (10.40 ± 0.17 against 88.7 ± 0.48), in energy values (335.2 ± 0.44 kcal against 378.7 ± 1.07 kcal), in total polyphenols (2.63 ± 0.19 against 3.69 ± 0.18) and in minerals. The pulp and the cores have, for 100 g of solids, sodium contents (3.22 ± 0.12 mg against 3.69 ± 0.18 mg), potassium (0.71 ± 0.07 mg against 2.52 ± 0.08 mg), in phosphorus (3.00 ± 0.02 mg against 2.52 ± 0.08 mg), in calcium (0.16 ± 0.04 mg against 0.65 ± 0.03 mg), zinc (3.30 ± 0.05 mg vs. 3.08 ± 0.03 mg), iron (3.09 ± 0.01 mg vs. 3.26 ± 0.01 mg) and copper (2.93 ± 0.06 mg vs 3.08 ± 0.03 mg). These nutritious potentialities could be recommended in the formulation of foods for the malnourished
Development of Lettuce Plant in Spring and Autumn Period, Effects of Led Lightening on the Quantity of Mineral Substrates and Leaf Nitrate
No full textAims: This study was performed during early spring and winter period of 2015-2016 by utilizing soilles technique in a non-heated glasshouse that belongs to Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Agriculture.
Study Design: Whereas Funly F1 lettuce species was used as vegetal materials, 2:1 ratio cocopeat and perlite mixture was used as cultivation environment. According to the experiment design, experiment coincidence parcels were performed as 3-recurrences. In the experiment, the effects of different colored LED lights (blue, yellow, red, blue + yellow, blue + red, yellow + red, blue + yellow + red) additional to sunlight were examined.
Results: SMD strip LEDs with different colors were used as light source. The light practice does not affect on the plant diameter, plant lenght, SÇKM, pH, titered acid, vitamin C and plant nutrient concentrations. Statistically significant difference occured in the yield of spring and winter curly leaf head salad. There was also an increase at 1% importance level in the light practices compared to the control. In the experiment, red and red blue light combinations had an increase of 1% in the curly leaf head salads in the yield rate when it was compared to the control. Whereas the highest total plant head weight was 840 gr/piece in spring practice, and it was 732 gr/piece for the red light practices in winter practice. Compared to the control, the amount of plant leaf nitrate for the light practices resulted in a decrease at 1% importance level in the curly leaf head salad. When the results were compared with the control conditions, the lowest nitrate contents were obtained as 1764.5 mg NO3-kg- in spring practices, 1898.6 NO3-kg- in winter practices.
Coclusion: More amount of nitrate was observed on the leaves of curly leaf head salad in winter practice compared to the one in spring. The amount of leaf nitrate decreased in the light practices compared to the control. As a result, the red and blue light practices and their combinations improved the amount of yield and plant growth by reducing nitrate content
Occurrence of Hardened Matters in the Andosolic Cover from the Western Highlands of Cameroon: Case Study of Those Risen on Trachyte in the Southern Side of the Bambouto Mountains
No full textThe aim of the present study is to acquire knowledge about the hardened materials present in the andosolic cover from the Bambouto Mounts. For that purpuse, petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical characteristics of the hardened materials, isalteritic blocks, and the parent rock were investigated in order to put into relief the different facies found, the genetic relationship between those geological matters, and the mechanism governing the formation and the evolution of the hardened materials found in the Andosols from the Bambouto mounts. These matters have low thickness, are highly hardened, with different aspects and locations. They are present within the soils, at the point of emergence of streams, on the flatty areas on top of hills and at the foot of interfluves. Microscopically, their plasmas are respectively isotic and cristic. Gibbsite, goethite, and halloysite are respectively their main minerals. Geochemically, both facies are highly aluminous. During the weathering, Sanidine changes sequentially into Allophane, Halloysite, and Gibbsite; Pyroxen and Ilmenite for their own contribute to the formation of Goethite. There is a direct genetic relationship between the hardened materials, the isalteritic blocks, and the parent rock. The uphill position is the eluvial part and the downhill position the illuvial part; this generates the evolution of the hardened materials from their translucent initial status towards their reddening and tanning final status. The characteristics of the hardened materials make them bauxitic hardened materials, organized into two different facies: A lithorelictuel and a vitreous facies. The presence of those hardened materials in the Andosols from the Western Highlands of Cameroon is harmful for farming. The present study is then a high contribution to the management of the mine ore deposit within the Western Highlands of Cameroon
Dormancy Breaking and the Influence of Gibberellic Acid on the Early Growth of Tamarindus indica Seedlings in Mubi, Nigeria
No full textThe purpose of this research was to determine the appropriate methods of breaking seed dormancy, level of water uptake, and the influence of gibberellic acid on the early growth of Tamarindus indica seedlings. The scarification methods used included: concentrated sulphuric acid (H2SO4), manual scarification, flaming, hot and cold water treatments. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory on Petri dishes and in potting media. GA3 was used to optimize the production of seedlings by spraying the solution on the foliage. The treatment for 10 minutes with concentrated H2SO4 gave the maximum germination percentage and water uptake (80.41%). GA3 enhances the growth of the seedlings by increasing the height, the number of leaves and stem girth at eight weeks after sowing. In conclusion, all the scarification treatments applied to the seeds of T. indica proved effective. The ten minutes treatment with concentrated H2SO4 was the best treatment for breaking seed dormancy of T. indica. And gibberellic acid enhanced early and fast seedling growth as it increase height, number of leaves and stem girth of T. indica
Rock Phosphate, Zeolite and Quail Manure to Enhance Potassium Uptake and Yield of Soybean on Alfisols
No full textSoybean seeds are the source of vegetable protein-based that most consumed in Indonesia, but apparently the production is unable to compensate the rate of increase in community needs. This study aims to determine the effect of Rock Phosphate (RP), zeolite and quail manure to enhance potassium (K) uptake and yield of soybean in Alfisols. A field experiment was conducted in June-October with a single factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of 9 treatments and 3 blocks (replicates). The dosage of RP, zeolite and quail manure used was 0 t ha-1, 2.5 t ha-1and 5 t ha-1. The results showed that zeolite 5 t ha-1 + quail manure 2.5 t ha-1 tended to increase K uptake. The combination of RP 2.5 t ha-1+ quail manure 5 t ha-1 significantly increases the number of filled pods and seed weight per plot. RP 5 t ha-1 + zeolite 5 t ha-1+ quail manure 5 t ha-1 also affects the number of filled pods and seed weight per plot. The treatment zeolite 2.5 t ha-1+ quail manure 2.5 t ha-1also affects the number of filled pods
Organisation of Soils along the Sides of Interfluves in the Western Highlands of Cameroon: Case Study of an Andosolic Toposequence on Trachyte in the Upper Part of the Southern Limb of Bambouto Mountains
No full textThe acquisition of knowledge on soils tells how to use them sustainably. So, the organization of soils along the sides of interfluves in the western highlands of Cameroon was put into relief in order to understand their genesis, organization, and evolution. Field work and lab analysis helped to reach the focuses. These soils are thin, highly differentiated, with many local specificities. Their organization and their thickness vary from up to downhill. Vertically, they include: An isalteritic horizon; a yellow vague polyhedral horizon; a red distinct polyhedral horizon; a discontinuous breastplate with two facies; a porous vague crumby dark reddish brown horizon; and a strongly dark grey, porous, thixotropic and crumby superficial horizon. The pedon/alterite ratio is about 2/1, and the hardened level/alterite ratio is 1/4. The alteritic level represents about 1/3 of the whole soil profile. Microscopically, these soils lack plasmic separations. Plasmas are respectively isotic in the dark reddish brown and strongly dark grey horizons, clayey asepic in the yellow and red polyhedral horizons, cristic in the isalteritic horizon, cristic and locally isotic in the discontinuous breastplate. Gibbsite, halloysite, kaolinite and allophane are the main minerals; goethite, quartz, hematite and rutile are also present. Geochemically, aluminum is the main chemical component in the deepest horizons, while in those at the top of the soil profile, silicon and aluminum has quite similar concentrations. Others specificities include their low bulk density (0.6 to 0.9 gcm-3), the abundance of clayey particles at the bottom of the soil profile, sand and silt at its summit. Ferrallitic and andosolic characteristics coexist in the studied soils. This ambivalence makes them to be simply «andic ferallitic, desaturated, humic and strongly rejuvenated soils»
Effects of Cowpea Residues, Chicken Manure and Partially Acidulated Phosphate Rock on the Fertility of Two Acid Soils for Maize Production in Lusaka- Zambia
No full textAim: To assess the use of chicken manure pellets, partially acidulated phosphate rock (PAPR) and cowpea residues to enhance the fertility and productivity of two Kandiustalfs in Zambia.
Methodology: Six treatments; chicken manure, PAPR, cowpea residues, chicken manure with PAPR, cowpea residues with PAPR and no amendment (control) were assigned to 4 m x 4 m plots on each soil. The PAPR was applied at a rate of 40 kg P2O5/ha, chicken manure at 20 kg N/ha and cowpea was planted in rows 45 cm apart. Cowpeas or weeds were allowed to grow on each plot for four months when cowpea pods matured. Plants were cut, incorporated into the soil and left to decompose for six weeks. Soil samples were then collected for analysis of organic matter, N, P, K and greenhouse maize trials.
Results: Cowpea residues, chicken manure and chicken manure with PAPR significantly increased levels of organic matter. Cowpea residues and cowpea residues with PAPR significantly increased levels of available N than the control. Available P levels significantly increased with application of cowpea residues and chicken manure with PAPR. Application of cowpea residues, cowpea residues with PAPR and chicken manure significantly increased levels of K than the control. Cowpea residues and cowpea residues with PAPR significantly increased maize dry matter yields than the control. The relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) of cowpea residues was 66% on Chakunkula soil and 37% on Choma soil respectively.
Conclusion: Cowpea residues are potential means of improving the fertility and productivity of acidic Alfisols especially for resource poor farmers with limited access to chemical fertilizers
Infiltration Models Validation in a Sandy Loam Soil in Zing, Taraba State
No full textPredicting the infiltration characteristics for soils is crucial for proper management and sustainable use of soil and water resources for prevention of soil erosion. The study was carried out to evaluate the infiltration models by measuring the field infiltration rate on sandy loam soils in Zing. Kostiakov, Modified – Kostiakov and Horton infiltration models were evaluated by comparing the measured and predicted infiltration rate of the soils. Fifteen infiltration runs were made by ponding water into double ring infiltrometer which was used to carry out the measurements. Parameters were developed from measured infiltration data and laboratory analyses of soil samples. Horton and Kostiakov models with an RMSE (0.0372 and 0.0365) and the R2 value of 0.999 and 0.998 respectively, closely predicted the measured infiltration rate, and can as well stimulate infiltration under the field condition