Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
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Effects of Soil Fertility Status and Its Management on Productivity of Rice in Flood Plains of Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria
No full textAn experiment was carried out to determine the soil fertility status and productivity of rice on flood plain soils at different locations in Wukari LGA of Taraba State in the southern guinea Savanna zone of Nigeria. The treatments consisted of five locations (Gidan-Idi, Gindin-Dorowa, Tsokundi, Rafin-Kada and Nwuko) that was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. The field was cleared, ploughed and harrowed, and marked into plots of 5 m x 5 m with an alley of 1 m between replications and 0.5 m between plots. Rice seeds (faro 44 (sipi 6920233)) were sown by dibbling at 25 cm×20 cm intra row. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied (at 3 to 4 weeks after planting as urea at the rate of 120 kgN ha-1) by top dressing method. Phosphorus fertilizer was also applied at 5 to 8 weeks after planting in split doses at the rate of 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 as single super phosphate and Potassium oxide fertilizer was applied 10 to 12 weeks after planting at 40 kg K2O ha-1 by top dressing method. Soil and plant data were collected and analyzed using standard procedures. The results were subjected to analysis of variance and means separated using F-LSD test. Significant (P≤0.05) differences in plant height and grain yield were observed during 2016 and 2017. Rafin-Kada recorded the highest grain yield of 8.36 tons/ha while Nwuko recorded lowest grain yield of 7.43 tons/ha in 2016. Gidan-Idi recorded the highest grain yield of 8.33 tons/ha while Gindin-Dorowa recorded lowest grain yield of 7.41 tons/ha in 2017
Effects of Nitrogen on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under NPSB Blended Fertilizer in Tsegedie and Welkait Districts Westren Zone Tigray, Ethiopia
No full textDecisions concerning optimum rates of fertilization directly involve fitting some type of rates to yield when several rates of fertilizer are tested. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer rates yields and yield components of bread wheat and determine optimum rate of N. The field experiment was carried out in 2016 and 2017 main cropping season at Tsegedie and Welkait districts in Western Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia. The experiment consists of seven levels of nitrogen (0, 23, 46, 69, 99, 115 and 138 kg ha-1) arranged in randomized completed block design with three replications. Nitrogen was applied splits, half at planting and remaining at tiller stage. NPSB was applied as basal application for all experimental plots except the negative control. Soil samples were collected before planting for analysis of some selected physicochemical properties. The soil properties of the experimental sites of the two districts varied in most of the soil properties. Application of nitrogen significantly influenced grain yield and yield components of wheat in both study sites. The highest grain yield 3926 kg ha-1 and 2131 kg ha-1 were obtained from 138 kg N ha-1 and 115 kg N ha-1 at the study sites of Tsegedie and Welkait districts, respectively. Highest marginal rate of returns were however obtained at nitrogen rates of 46 kg ha-1 and 23 kg ha-1 at Tsegedie and Welkait districts, respectively. Hence, it could be concluded that the use of N at 46 kg ha-1and 23 kg ha-1 with 100 kg NPSB fertilizer could give optimum bread wheat yield at Tsegedie and Welkait districts, respectively
Effects of Seasonal Flooding on the Quality of Irrigation Water in the Floodplains of Wukari, Taraba State of Nigeria
No full textThis research was done in order to assess the effects of seasonal flooding on irrigation water quality of the floodplains of Wukari Area of Taraba state. Water samples were collected from five different flood plain locations (Nwuko, Tsokundi, Rafin-Kada, Gidan-Idi and Gindin-Dorowa) in 2016 and 2017. Completely randomized design (CRD) was employed replicated three times. The results obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and means separated using F-LSD test at P ≤ 0.05. The results of the water quality analysis showed that all the determined parameters were significantly different at the different sample locations, except water pH of the year 2016 which was not significantly different at the different sample locations. The results show that the flooded water could be used for irrigation since they were found to be relatively safe and hence required little or no treatment for soluble salts. Water from flooding within the Wukari Floodplains is recommended for supplementary irrigation
Studies on the Comparative Effects of Cow Dung, Goat Dung and Poultry Manure in the Restoration of Gully Eroded Soil Using Amaranthus hybridus as Test Plant
No full textGully erosion presents a serious challenge to the fertility of the agricultural soil. This experiment was conducted at the permanent site of Nnamdi Azikiwe University behind botany laboratory. The efficacy of cow dung, goat dung and poultry manure on the restoration of gully eroded soil was tested. The experiment was laid in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five treatments replicated thrice. Five kilogram of eroded soil was mixed uniformly with 1.5 kg of the different manure treatments. This treatment or amendment include goat dung, poultry mature, cow dung mixed with goat dung and poultry manure weighing 0.5 kg respectively to make up the 1.5 kg required treatment. Also another one was set without treatment to serve as control. Each of these treatments was replicated thrice making a sum total of 15 perforated polythene bags. Stem height, leaf area, number of leaves and stem girth of the test plant (A. hybridus) were checked and measured weekly as the plant germinates and grows. Collection of soil analysis of the samples to determine the amounts of carbon and nitrogen was carried out at the end of the practical. The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test the significance of treatment. It was observed that the highest carbon and nitrogen content were observed from gully eroded soil treated with Cow dung mixed with goat dung and poultry manure (0.205±0.001 and 1.397±0.006) while the least was observed from the control (0.065±0.000 and 0.673±0.001) respectively. There was a significant difference in the effect of the different treatments on all the parameters checked except on the stem girth and number of leaves. The inference of this study suggests that the mixture of cow dung, goat dung and poultry droppings can be used to restore the fertility of gully eroded soil
Effect of Industrial Effluents on Rice Growth, Yield and Soil Chemical Properties
No full textToxic pollutants and heavy metals in industrial effluents and city waste water are massive concern among the researchers, development worker, media personnel and policy makers. Keeping this in view-a pot experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), net house during T. Aman 2010 (wet season) and Boro 2011 (dry season) rice aimed to determining the effect of different industrial effluents on rice growth, yield and soil chemical properties. The irrigation effect of industrial effluents on rice production was more prominent in dry season (Boro) rice than wet season (T. Aman) rice. Perceptible changes in soil properties occurred through the effluents irrigation in rice-rice cropping pattern. Pharmaceutical and tannery effluents increased soil pH, EC, total N (%) available P (mg/kg). Exchangeable K, Ca, Mg and Na (cmol/kg) were increased due to irrigation with dyeing, pharmaceutical and tannery effluents. Dyeing, beverage, tannery and city waste water reduced percent soil organic carbon. Micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn) were increased significantly by the irrigation with dyeing, pharmaceutical and tannery effluents in both wet and dry season rice. Heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Ni and Cr in soils were increased significantly through irrigation with effluents in rice-rice cropping pattern
Water from Cooked Beans as Substrate for Some Heterotrophic Organisms: Case Study of Moulds
No full textThe discovery of new ecological fertilizers can sustainably enhance plants nutrition. In that point of view, the present study aimed to demonstrate the high concentration of water from cooked beans in organic compounds, various mineral salts and water. For that purpose, moulds were used because of the above listed elements as their basic feeding needs. Cold water from cooked beans was collected and kept during five days at open-air; the evolution of its aspect was daily followed up. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in 10 replicates; an eleventh bucket filled with the same water was used to perform some of its characterization. The moulds are Aspergillus L. The water from cooked beans is a heterogeneous mixture and particularly a globular proteic suspension. At rest, it organizes itself in a superficial flaky domain and a lower liquid domain. The flaky domain is mainly organic and the liquid domain is mainly both mineral and aqueous. The density of the flaky domain was 0.964 and that of the aqueous domain was1.011. The average speed of the growth of Aspergillus L. at the surface of the water from cooked beans was 3,17 cm2/H; they cover then in five days a surface of 379.74 cm2. The exponential growth of Aspergillus L. at the surface of the water from cooked beans generated a continuous decreasing of the pH; this behavior shows that the water from cooked beans seems to be an adequate substrate; it then implicitly contains all the nutrients required for their optimal development; this include water, organic matters and mineral salts among which nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur and calcium can be named; it is then a complete liquid organic fertilizer. That water appears also as a high grade activator for soils micro flora. Peasants could thus save a lot of money by using this liquid single or in combination with other fertilizers to promote the sustainable development of agriculture in their ecosystems
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Some Productivity Models on Floodplain Soils of Wukari Area, Northern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria
No full textA study on quantifying the productivity of Wukari flood plain soils using Neill’s Productivity Index (PI), Modified Neill’s Productivity Index (PIm) and Riquier Productivity Index (RI) was carried out. The applicability and validity of the productivity index models were determined using rice as a test crop. Result showed significant relationships with coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.7158, 0.7204 and 0.8778 found between grain yield of rice (Y) and PI, PIm and RI values respectively. The highest and the lowest grain yield of rice to a reasonable extent correspond to the higher and the lower productivity index values, respectively. Higher productivity indices explained higher mean grain yield of rice. The productivity indices values decreased with the decrease in grain yield. The grain yield of grain followed productivity index predictions and are hereby recommended as tools of soil productivity assessment in the study area
Productivity and Fruit Quality of Manzanello and Picual Olive (Olea europaea L.) Cultivars as Influenced by Spraying Lithovit under Different Irrigation Levels
No full textOlive tree is the favorable choice to cultivate in desert lands due to high stress tolerance of its tree. Although olive tree tolerates the low availability of water in the soil by means of morphological, physiological and biochemical adaptations, the Productivity and fruit quality of it decrease gradually with increasing water stress. So we have initiated this study to follow up the effect of spraying Lithovit (Ca CO3 & Mg CO3) on the productivity and fruit quality of Picual and Manzanello olives which exposure to different irrigation levels. Four concentrations of Lithovit were sprayed on olive (Olea europaea var. Manzanello) trees (0, 2, 4 and 6 g/L) under three irrigation levels (50, 75 and 100% of evapotranspiration for crop “ETc”) during 2017, 2018 seasons.
Spraying Lithovit at 6 g/L recorded the highest values of all fruit physical characteristics of both cultivars in the two seasons. Furthermore, 2 g/L had the highest values of retained fruit percentage of both cultivars which led to increase the yield in the first and second seasons. Concerning irrigation levels, the values of fruit physical characteristics of both cultivars were the lowest values with applying 50% of ETc irrigation level. These values increased with decreasing water stress in the first and second seasons. Concerning retained fruit percentage and yield of Picual and Manzanello, the most promising level of irrigation was 75% of ETc level because it recorded the highest values of yield. Moreover 100% of ETc enhanced the fruit quality
Effects of Potassium and Humic Acid on Amelioration of Soil Salinity Hazardous on Pea Plants
No full textPots experiment were carried out in green house of National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt, to study the effect of potassium and humic acid application to minimize the adversely effects of soil salinity on pea plants. Pots were divided into three main groups of soil salinity at levels (2.84, 6.03 and 8.97 dS m-1). These main groups were applied potassium sulfate at the rates 50 and 100 kg fed-1. Foliar application of humic acid was applied at a rate of 0.2%. Data presented that the application of K2SO4 at a rate of 100 kg fed-1 with humic acid a foliar spray at a rate of 0.2%, gave the highest values of plant growth parameters such as, Branch No., Leave No., Plant height, leaf area, Shoot fresh and dry weight. In addition to produce high chlorophyll a and b and carotene content as compared to other treatments and control under the different soil salinity levels. Application of K2SO4 (100 kg fed-1) with foliar spray of humic acid under high and moderate soil salinity condition increased pod weight, seed weight, seed dry weight over application of 50 kg fed-1 and control. The highest values of studied chemical constituents in shoots and greens were obtained due to the application of potassium sulfate at100 kg fed-1 with humic acid. The combined effects of potassium application and foliar spray of humic acid had a positive effect on increasing the ability of pea plant tolerance to soil salinity and increasing of growth and yield production under saline soil conditions
Effect of Different Sources and Levels of Nitrogen Fertilizers with and without Organic and Bio-fertilizers on Growth and Yield Components of Fennel Plants (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)
No full textTwo field experiments were conducted in a newly reclaimed land at a private farm in Village No 8, El-Minia Governorate, Egypt during two successive seasons (2017/2018) to evaluate the effect of integrated nitrogen fertilizer sources with organic and bio-fertilization on growth and yield components of the fennel plant. The experiment was arranged in a split- split-plot design. The organic treatments (0.0 and 5.0 t compost t/fed.) were arranged in main plots, nitrogen treatments (0.0, 10.0, 50.0 and 80.0 kg N/fed.) as urea or ammonium sulphate were allocated in subplots and bio-fertilizer treatments (without and with) were applied in sub-sub plots. The main effects of compost, nitrogen fertilization and bio-fertilizer showed that the maximum values of plant height, dry weight/plant, number of branches/plant, number of mumble/plant, number of umbellule\u27s/umble and 1000-fruits weight were attained under 5 t/fed compost, 80 kg N/fed as ammonium sulphate with bio-fertilizer. The results of the interaction among treatments indicated that combined 5.0 t compost /fed with 50 kg N/fed as ammonium sulphate and using bio-fertilizer exhibited the highest values of growth and yield components of fennel. Meanwhile, we can save about 30 kg N/fed by treated fennel plants with organic and bio-fertilizers without any reduction in vegetative growth