Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
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Evaluation of the Restorative Effect of Three Organic Manures in Rill and Gully Eroded Soil Using Amaranthus hybridus L. as Test Plant
No full textThe effect of organic manure in restoration of rill and gully eroded soil using Amaranthus hybridus as a test plant was carried out. The aim of this research work was to compare the restorative potentials of cow-dung, goat-dung, and poultry-manure amendment on rill and gully eroded soil. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) with five treatment replicated thrice. Seeds of Amaranthus hybridus were sown directly into the bags and were thinned to two seedlings per bag a week after germination. Soil analysis of the treated samples and control was carried out after six weeks to determine the amount of organic carbon, soil pH, potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen. Also soil particles analysis was carried out to determine the amount of sand, silt, clay and bulk density. Stem height of A. hybridus, leaf area, number of leaves per plant and stem girth were the parameters monitored on a weekly basis. The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference (LSD) was used to separate the differences among treatment means. The result showed that goat-dung recorded highest organic carbon content of (1.88 and 1.63) respectively in both rill and gully eroded soil samples. Poultry-manure recorded increase in nitrogen content of (0.92 and 0.84) respectively in both rill and gully eroded soil samples. The combination of goat-dung, poultry-manure and cow-dung recorded the highest pH value of (5.90) in rill eroded soil samples while goat-dung recorded the highest pH value of (6.40) in gully eroded soil samples. The least reduction in bulk density in rill soil sample was recorded in goat-dung with value of (1.41) while poultry-manure recorded the least reduction in bulk density of (1.48) in gully eroded soil sample. Percentage clay content recorded highest in control with value of (34.0 and 48.0) respectively in both rill and gully eroded soil samples. The combination of cow-dung, goat-dung and poultry-manure recorded the highest plant height of (21.02cm and 18.10cm) respectively, stem girth (1.36cm and 2.76cm) respectively, leaf area (10.81cm2 and 16.84cm2) respectively in both rill and gully eroded soil sample, in control plant height of (5.64cm and 3.63cm) respectively, in stem girth (0.42cm and 0.32cm) respectively, in number of leaves (7.33cm and 8.33cm) respectively, in leaf area (2.11cm2 and 1.55cm2) respectively recorded the least value in both rill and gully eroded soil samples. Analysis of variance showed significant difference among the treatments and within the weeks
Impact of Fortified Nano Zinc and Iron Composite Capsules on Growth, Yields and Nutrients Accumulation in Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) and Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.)
No full textSynthesized composites were characterized through UV-spectrophotometer, XRD, SEM, EDX and FTIR analysis. SEM and EDX images confirmed surface morphology of ordinary mesoporous nano silica (mNs) and Fe & Zn embedded mNs. In XRD pattern of mNs peaks absence indicate that nano silica synthesized by sol-gel method was amorphous whereas reduced graphene oxide (rGO) synthesized in crystalline form. FTIR spectra of Zn and Fe loaded mNs and rGO showed that encapsulation of zinc and iron by mNS and rGO was successful. Results of experiment indicate, twice foliar application of 60 ppm Zn+ 30 ppm Fe through mNs (T6) and 40 ppm Zn+20 ppm Fe through rGO (T8) exhibited significantly higher economic and biological yields of both crops over conventional and Control. With increasing doses of nano zinc and iron through mNs composite capsules, significant increase in nutrients content and uptake by cabbage and cauliflower was observed in comparison to control. Whereas, increasing doses of nano zinc and iron application through rGO lead to a considerable reduction in nutrient content and thus hamper their uptake. Thus, T6 and T8 treatments were best pronounced in terms of yields, nutrients uptake and enriching biomass by iron and zinc content in cabbage and cauliflower, respectively. Compared to control, quality of cabbage head and cauliflower curd biomass in terms of Fe and Zn content, protein and phenol content were significantly more with 40 ppm Zn+20 ppm Fe (T8) and 60 ppm Zn+30 ppm Fe (T6) through rGO and mNs , respectively. Available zinc and iron in soil was unaffected by application of zinc and Fe through mNs and rGO in crops
Effect of Nitrogen Levels on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Hybrid Varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
No full textA field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different Nitrogen levels on the yield performance of four rice hybrid in two consecutive Monsoon Season of 2020 and 2021. The experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj Ayodhya (U.P.). The experiment was conducted in factorial randomized block design with three replication which comprised of 4 levels of nitrogen viz. 0% RDN, 50% RDN, 75% RDN and 100% RDN and 4 hybrid varieties viz. Arize-6444 Gold, Ankur-7576, 27P31 and Shahi-Dawat. Results revealed that significantly higher yield contributing characters and yield was obtained at 100% of RDN (150 kg N ha-1) which is at par with 75 % RDN (112 kg N ha-1) and significantly superior over 0% of RDN and 50% of RDN (75kg N ha-1). The growth parameters, yield attributes and yield were recorded significantly higher with Ankur-7576 variety except length of panicle (cm) and test weight (g). Ankur-7576 gave good response in low doses of nitrogenous fertilizer and showed good efficiency in utilization of available and applied nitrogen to the crop and best suitable for obtaining higher yield of hybrid rice
Impact of Topography on Soil Properties in Delboatwaro Subwatershed, Southern Ethiopia
No full textSoil characterization and classification are prerequisites for better agricultural productivity and sustainable soil fertility management. This study was previously conducted to characterize and classify DelboAtwaro, a watershed in southern Ethiopia. Three pedons classes were inspected and three representative pits (pedons) opened, i.e. one in each pedon. Pedons were described in accordance with FAO [1] and WRB (2014) in the study area, and then soil samples were collected from recognized horizons of each pedon and analyzed for selected physicochemical properties. The pedons confirmed the variability of the physical, chemical and morphological properties of the soils in the study area. Based on the result of field and laboratory soil analysis, the soil structure was early clay in both aboveground and subterranean strata. The soil chemical reaction used to be somewhat acidic to neutral in reaction (pH 6.1-7.0). The organic carbon (OC) content varied between 1.23 and 1.78% between the respective topographical positions. The cationexchange capacity (CEC) of the soils ranged from 39.8 to 79.9 cmol (+) kg-1 (intermediate to optimal), while the percent base saturation (PBS) ranged from 23.7 to 40.7%. The dominance of the exchangeable bases was once, in descending order, Ca>Mg>K>Na. Soils ranged from low to optimal in TN and very low to low in available P, while the concentrations of micronutrients in the soils were best (Fe), very high (Mn), adequate (Zn), and optimum (Cu). The soil had a molly epipedon with humic diagnostic houses in the subsurface. Hence the soil was categorized as Rhodic Nitisols (Haplic) (US, MS, and LS) according to the WRB for soil resources. In general, slope and land use influenced soil properties in the different topographical locations of the Delbo Atwaro Underwater Catchment, suggesting the need for integrated soil fertility management to sustainably conserve soil organic matter and nutrients
Effects of Lime, Cow Manure Application with RhizobiumInoculation on Yield and Quality of the Peanut in the Grey Degraded Soil of Tri Ton town
No full textThe field study was carried out in the grey degraded soil of Tri Ton town during Winter-Spring and Summer-Autumn crop of 2019- 2020. The field experiment was carried out by four treatments and four replications. Four treatments of Winter-Spring crop: The control treatment applied NPK (100 kgUrea + 556 kgP2O5 + 100kg KCl); (NT2): application of NPK, lime with Rhizobium inoculation; (NT3): NPK, cow manure and Rhizobium inoculation; (NT4):NPK, cow manure and lime with Rhizobium. Four treatments of Summer-Autumn cropwere carried on the prior experiment (Winter-Spring crop).However, treatments did not apply to cow manure, lime and Rhizobium(only NPK).The maximum plant biomass (168 g), number of nodule (92.1), fresh and dry weight of fill pods (61.4 and 37.6 g, respectively), fresh and dry weight of empty pods (2.07 and 1.19 g ), weight of dry nodules (0.83 g ) per plant, yield (6.12 ton ha-1), protein and oil in seeds (26.1 and 50.1%, respectively) were observed in cow manure and lime applied with Rhizobium inoculated treatments. All the parameters of growth and yield showed best result for application of lime and cow manure with synthetic Rhizobium inoculation of seeds. Cow manure has significantlyincreased the yield of peanut in the next crops. The results from our two crops of study showed that co-application of NPK, cow manure, lime and Rhizobium inoculation always increased field capacity in both crops
Influence of Compost Tea and Potassium Humate on Soil Properties and Plant Growth
No full textAn experiment was conducted during two seasons 2018/2019 and 2019/2020, cultivated with soybean, at farm Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two treatments (potassium humate and compost tea) at different rates of (0, 2, 4 and 6 ml/L water) with two application methods (soaking and foliar application) on soil fertility and soybean productivity. In both seasons, each experiment was carried out in randomized complete blocks design with four replicates. Data showed that the lowest value of soil pH 7.87 was obtained in the soil treated with foliar application of compost tea at 6 ml/L compared with other treatments. Also, the used of potassium Humate and compost tea foliar application was significant decrease of soil salinity (EC dSm-1), while soaking method was no significant for decrease soil salinity. The different rates of all treatments soaking method to soil gave significant increase of N and P available contents in soil while the foliar application was no significant. As well as, the K available in soil treated with all rates of treatments led to significant increase for soaking. The highest mean values of Fe, Mn and Zn contents in soil treated were with foliar application of compost tea. Compost tea soaking and foliar application increased soybean productivity. The highest values of all growth parameters plants i.e. (plant height (cm), No. of leaves/plant, No. of pods/plant, pods weight (g)/plant, seeds yield (ton/ha) and weight of 100 seed (g) were treated with potassium humate foliar application than all treatments
Function and Characterization of Fungal Communities in Chestnut Soils (Castanea crenata) of Kansai Region, Japan
No full textChestnut (Castanea crenata) is an important fruit crop in Japan, grown under three cultivation systems in Kansai region, which succumb to fungal root disease pathogens. The fungal community in soils of chestnut in these cultivation systems were characterized along with the potential of soil bacterial species as biological control agent against these root-invading fungi. Bacteria from the chestnut soil rhizosphere were identified and their ability to suppress diseases in vitro was evaluated. Bacteria DAC17225011 and DAC17225014 showed 99% similarity to Bacillus aryabhattai and Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis, respectively, which could suppress the growth of Armilaria mellea and Phytophtora cambivora, respectively, in vitro conditions. The assay in vivo indicated the positive effect of these bacteria on the reduction of disease infection spots in chestnut roots; however, no visible symptoms were detected aboveground. For microbial community analysis, chestnut soil was sampled from four locations (Wachi, Ayabe, Fukuchiyama and Sasayama) considering three management systems, conventional, organic and wild. The amplicon from the ITS region (The genomic library of the fungal detection in soils) was sequenced by Illumina MiSeq 250bp and used to analyze the fungal community in the sampled soil. Nectriaceae, which contains pathogenic fungi, was very common in all samples, but lower in wild areas. Ceratobasidiacea was also higher in conventional areas. For the symbiotic families, Hypocraceae and Russulaceae were typical in wild soils, whereas Amanitaceae was found in organic soils. The fungal community was clearly distinct in the wild system, differing from conventional and organic systems
Effect of Activated Biochar on the Fertility an Acid Soil in Southern Nigeria
No full textSoil acidity is a potentially serious land degradation issue. When soil becomes too acidic it can decrease the availability of essential nutrients. Investigation on the effect of activated biochar on soil properties of coastal plain sands of Port Harcourt was conducted at the high tunnel hoop house located at the Teaching and Research farm, Rivers State University Port Harcourt. Separate biochars were produced using following materials: Wood Shavings (WS), Corn Cob (CC), Wood (WD), Palm Kernel Shell (PK), and Animal Bone (AB), And a Control (CO). The 6 treatments made up of the various biochars were replicated three times and fitted into a Randomized Complete Block Design. Soil samples were taken before and after treatment application and for determination of physical and chemical properties. Result shows that the pH values significantly increased from 6.63 – 7.73, when compared to the original soil with a pH of 4.97(P = 0.05). The organic matter content was significantly higher (P>0.05) across all the biochar amended soils. Palm kernel biochar (PK) had 31.4% increase in organic matter when compared to the initial organic matter of 1.19%. There was also substantial increase in the soil total nitrogen (100%) for palm kernel biochar. Available phosphorus was also increased by almost 100% for soil treated with the respective biochars; ranging from 0.33 – 0.43 cmolkg-1 when compared to the original value of 0.18 cmolkg-1. Remarkably, the values for most of the exchangeable bases increased significantly (P= 0.05) after treatment application, ranging from 5.68-18.10, 6.01 – 24.1 and 3.93-6.13cmolkg-1 for K+, Na+ and Mg2+ respectively, as compare to the initial values of 4.36, 2.2 and 1.0cmolkg-1
Zinc Biofortification of Cereal Crops: A Review Article
No full textMicronutrient deficiency can be considered as one of the yield "quantity and quality" limiting factor in arid calcareous lands and can be considered as the troubling component of hunger. Therefore, enriching food products through adding nutrients to a food product or through increasing soil fertility and breeding crop for nutrient efficiency are alternatives available to improve food quality. However, poor people have no excess to food additives and can benefit from naturally enriched food products or what being called Biofortification. The existence of a general geographical overlap between soil Zn deficiency and human Zn deficiency has been already postulated. As agriculture-based food products are the major source of human nutrition, the relationship between the nutrient status of soils, food crops, and human health is understandable. poor but also deliver all the essential nutrients needed for adequate nutritional health. Sustainable solutions to malnutrition will only be found by closely linking agriculture to nutrition and health. The undergoing review would discuss these concepts and their implementation and uses with special concern on Iraqi conditions
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Association with Some Selected Medicinal Plants
No full textArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are group of fungi of the order Glomales that form symbiotic association with plant roots and enhance the uptake of nutrients, and improve plant growth and yield. This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizospheres of some commonly grown medicinal plants in Maiduguri viz; Aloe vera, Mentha, Cymbopogon citrates and Ocimum gratissimum. The results revealed all the plants have formed mycorrhiza symbiosis. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores from five genera (Glomus, Acaulospora, Dentiscutata, Scutellispora and Gigaspora were isolated and identified. Cymbopogon citrates significantly recorded the highest total AMF spore counts (90±4.17) while Aloe vera recorded the least (54±2.28). Amongst the five mycorrhiza genus Glomus species were comparatively higher under all plant species, while, Dentiscutata and Gigaspora had the lowest spore counts. Highest percent root colonization (72±4.23%) was recorded under Cymbopogon citrates and Aloe vera recorded the least (55.5 ±2.41%). The study confirmed mycorrhiza association with all the plants, however, AMF spore counts diversity varies with plant species. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could be inoculated to soils with scanty or ineffective spores for enhanced plant nutrition and growth of medicinal plants