Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
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Impact of Crop Residue Management on Soil Health under Rice- Wheat Cropping System in Southern Bihar, India
No full textThe study investigates the effects of paddy straw bale management on soil health and the productivity of a rice-wheat cropping system in Southern Bihar. Conducted from 2021 to 2023, the experiment involved four treatments: control (FP), tillage + recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), zero tillage (ZT) + mulching, and burning + ZT (RDF). Soil samples and crop yields were analyzed to evaluate physico-chemical properties, microbial activities, and economic viability. Results revealed that ZT + mulching significantly enhanced soil properties, including organic carbon, nutrient availability (NPK), and microbial activity, compared to other treatments. Grain and straw yields were highest under ZT + mulching for both rice (80.01 and 84.25 q ha-1) and wheat (53.4 and 57.35 q/ha), with improved plant height, panicle density, and grain quality. Economic analysis indicated the highest benefit-cost ratio under ZT + mulching (3.18 for rice and 2.92 for wheat). This sustainable practice demonstrated its potential to mitigate residue burning\u27s negative impacts, enhance soil health, and boost productivity, offering a viable strategy for long-term agricultural sustainability in the region
Assessment of Rhizobium Strains and their Impact on Urdbean Productivity
No full textThe study sought to assess the impact of inoculation by several Rhizobium strains on field-grown urdbean (Blackgram). Rhizobia, which promotes the growth of legume plants. The bacteria that live in the soil and generate the root nodules where symbiotic biological nitrogen fixing occurs are called rhizobia. Four AICRP centers viz., Kalaburagi (GUR5 & GUR8), Akola (WUR 12-1), Vamban (VUC), and Pantnagar (A-3, P-5 & PUR 34), provided a total of seven Rhizobium isolates, which were employed in the experiment together with the best Rhizobium BMBS 47. Urdbean seeds were treated with the Rhizobium isolates and sown. Observations were recorded at 45th DAS, to assess their effect on plant growth parameters viz., number of nodules/plants, root length, shoot length, nodule dry weight, and yield parameters were recorded during harvest. Among the Rhizobium isolates, VUC (Vamban) recorded a greater number of nodules/plant (30 / plant) and nodule dry weight (0.038 g/plant), which is significantly higher than other isolates. The same isolate recorded the highest root length (13.50 cm). The treatment T9 recorded the maximum shoot length of 27.26 cm. Crop was harvested at 65 DAS and yield parameters viz., number of pods per plant, plant dry weight and yield were recorded and tabulated (Table 2). Among the different Rhizobium isolates, VUC (Vamban) performed better and recorded the higher values for yield parameters. The highest yield of 1162 kg/ha was recorded by T5 which received VUC through seed treatment followed by T6 treatment A-3 (Pantnagar) which recorded 1077.6 kg/ha of seed yield
Kinetics of Non-exchangeable Potassium Release in Rice-groundnut Cropping System under Alluvial Soils of Odisha, India
No full textNon exchangeable K release can very much influence soil K fertility. The experiment was carried out to investigate the amount of non-exchangeable potassium released from Inceptisols with rice-groundnut cropping system and to use various kinetic equations to describe the release. Release rates of non-exchangeable potassium were determined for five different soils collected from rice-groundnut cropping system fertilized @ 0 and 40 kg K ha-1 over three years. The non-exch K release rate was studied by successive extraction with 0.01M CaCl2 methods. The results show that the proportion of exch.K and non-exch.K to total K varied between 2.76 to 4.95% and 8.39 to 9.95%, respectively. Per cent of clay or silt+clay correlated significantly with water soluble, exch. and non-exch. K. Five mathematical models (elovich equation, power function, parabolic diffusion, first and zero order equation) were used to describe cumulative K release pattern. The elovich and parabolic equation described the K release kinetics satisfactory as evidenced by the highest correlation coefficients and lowest values of standard error of estimates (SEE). The release of Step-K and CR-K was higher in state recommend dose (SRD) than K control which concluded that the SRD of K (40 kgha-1) is adequate to sustain the productivity of intensive rice-ground nut cropping system in alluvial soils of Odisha
Effect of Different Cropping Systems on the Selected Soil Properties in Kashmir Himalayas
No full textThe physicochemical characteristics of soil are fundamentally important in assessing its quality, as they govern the air and water movement within the soil profile. These processes play a significant role in the soil\u27s ability to sustain plant growth effectively. Various cropping systems can pose significant effects on soil texture, soil pH, soil carbon, and other nutrients, arising mainly from differences in associated management practices. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of dominant cropping systems on soil physicochemical properties in Kashmir Himalayas, India. Soil samples were collected from five different cropping systems, such as rice-fallow, rice-mustard, rice-oats, maize-fallow, and vegetable, up to a depth of 20 cm. The findings revealed that the percentage of sand varied from 20.34 – 28.71%, while the percentage of silt and clay varied from 40.80 – 46.18% and 26.38 – 36.04%, respectively. Bulk density ranged from 1.45 – 1.32Mgm-3 across the cropping systems. There was a variation in soil pH (7.54 – 6.46) across the examined cropping system, following a pattern: maize-fallow> vegetable> rice-mustard> rice-fallow> rice-oats. Moreover, electrical conductivity was less than 1 dSm-1, indicating no salinity hazards. It was observed that different cropping systems influence these selected soil properties. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate and understand these variations because they are vital for sustainable soil management and enhancing agricultural productivity
Studies on the Effect of Organic Nutrient Sources and Chemical Fertilizers on Sustainable Productivity of Chilli (Capsicum annun L.)
No full textThe present study was carried out the effect of organic nutrient sources and chemical fertilizers on sustainable productivity of chilli (Capsicum annun L.) during the rabi season of the year, 2022-2023. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 12 treatment and three replications. Among the various levels of organic nutrient and NPK used in the experiment, treatment T12 50% FYM + 50% Vermicompost resulted highest values on plant height (27.59, 57.70, 78.68 and 113.16), Days to first flower initiation (31.55), Days to 50% flowering (56.08), Number of fruit plant-1 (63.74), fruit length (cm) and fruit width (cm) (7.17 & 2.52), Weight of fruit (3.80g), Fruit yield (g) plant-1 (242.27), Fruit yield (kg) plot-1 (1453.62) and fruit yield (t ha-1) (2.75) under Satna agro-climatic condition when compared with control and the other treatments
Soil Wetness Classification in Agriculture Using Machine Learning Models
No full textSoil wetness is the most important factor for a plant to survive. If the soil is completely dry for a long time, the plants will perish. Many plants will also die if the soil is submerged in the water for a long period of time. Without water, plants will not be able to take nutrients from the soil. Besides, different plants have different soil wetness or moisture requirements. To ensure proper plant growth, soil wetness levels should be monitored and maintained continuously. But most of the time, it is not possible to continuously monitor the water level manually. Therefore, in this work, we have proposed an image-based soil wetness classifier using different machine learning algorithms. We have classified the soil in six different wetness levels and have used five machine learning algorithms for classifying the soil wetness levels as an artificial neural network, convolutional neural network, decision tree, k-nearest neighbor, and support vector machine. We have compared these algorithms and found that the convolutional neural network achieves the highest accuracy which is 97.7%. Our proposed method can be used by the stakeholders to increase crop production by ensuring proper soil water levels for continuous plant growth
Optimizing Nutrient Uptake in Rice Crops through Integrated Organic Manure Application: A Comprehensive Analysis of Grain and Straw Composition
No full textRice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food of more than 60 percent of the world’s population and is considered the “global grain”. It is the main staple food in the Asia and the Pacific region. This study was conducted to ascertain the Impact of Various Treatment Combinations on the Nutrient Uptake of rice grains and straw. The field experiments were carried out at the research Farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) during Kharif, 2021-22. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 3 replications having 8 treatments. The eight treatments combinations were: T1(Absolute Control), T2 (Bio decomposed compost 1q/ha+50%RDF), T3 (Bio decomposed compost 1.5 q/ha+50%RDF), T4 (Bio decomposed compost 1q/ha+50% RDF + Root dipping with bio decomposed compost wash 10 ml/ lit of water), T5 (Bio decomposed compost 1.5 q/ha+50%RDF + Root dipping with bio decomposed wash 10 ml/lit of water), T6 (Bio decomposed compost 1q/ha+50%RDF+foliar application of bio decomposed compost wash of 10 ml/ lit of water), T7 (Bio decomposed compost 1.5 q/ha+50%RDF + foliar application of bio decomposed compost wash of 10 ml/ lit of water), T8 (100% RDF). As per findings, Nutrient uptake of N, P and K by grain of Rice varied from 44.32 kg ha-1 to 77.03 kg ha-1, 11.90 kg ha-1 to 20.85 kg ha-1, and 22.16 kg ha-1 to 45.17 kg ha-1. In Rice straw, N, P and K uptake varied from 20.16 kg ha-1 to 36 kg ha-1, 8.17 kg ha-1 to 15.62 kg ha-1, and 66.67 kg ha-1 to 100.55 kg ha-1. The application of organic manures significantly influenced nutrient uptake, attributed to enhanced photosynthesis, increased biomass, and improved nutrient availability. The findings align with previous research, emphasizing the positive impact of organic manure on nutrient uptake in rice crops. These studies contribute valuable insights into optimizing agricultural practices for enhanced nutrient management and sustainable crop production
Evaluation of Organic Sources and Mineral N Fertilizer on Soil Fertility and Coriander Plant (Coriandrum sativum L.) Productivity and Quality under Saline Soil
No full textTwo field experiments were carried out at Gelbana, North Sina government during successive winters 2021/2022 and 2022/ 2023 to study the evaluation of organic sources (compost, biochar, and organic farm) combined with or without mineral N different rates on soil fertility and Coriander productivity. Lies coast of Sinai, between 32o_ 350 and 32o_ 450 E and 31o_ 000 and 31o_ 250 N. Lies in the north-western Mediterranean coast of Sinai, between 32o_ 350 and 32o_ 450 E and 31o_ 000 and 31o_ 250 N. Each experiment was carried out in a split-plot design with three replicates in both seasons. Results showed that applying compost combined with or without mineral N fertilizer at different rates improved soil fertility (decreased soil pH, soil salinity, and increase of available macronutrients and micronutrient contents in soil) compared with other treatments. Also, the maximum mean values of Plant height (cm); No. of branches /plant; the weight of seeds /plant (g); the weight of seeds yield (ton/fed), fresh green leaves (ton/fed), and dry yield leaves (ton/fed) for soil treated with compost combined with mineral fertilizer different rate, while the weight of 1000 (g) seeds as affected by organic farm combined with mineral N fertilizer rate. The highest values of N, P, K, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations in seeds were treating with compost combined with mineral N fertilizer at a 100 kg N /fed rate than other treatments. As well as, the application of compost combined with mineral N fertilizer at different rates was an increase in protein (%), oil (%), and carbohydrate (%). chlorophyll while the proline was decrease value
Evaluating the Varied Impacts of Conventional Versus Nano Fertilizers on Soil Nutrient Levels, Utilization Efficiency and Biological Activity in Acidic Soil
No full textA two-season field experiment was conducted at zonal agricultural research station, GKVK, Bengaluru during Kharif season in 2021 and 2022 with test a crop sunflower. The soil was sandy loam (Alfisol) in texture and experiment was laid out in RCBD with 3 replications and comprised of 14 treatments. Results revealed that the available soil nutrients like nitrogen (307.25 kg ha-1), sulphur (13.28 mg kg-1) and zinc (1.23 mg kg-1) content differed significantly, with treatment T2 (Package of practice). However, all other major, secondary and micro nutrients did not vary significantly. Nutrients use efficiency of nitrogen (72.01 kg kg-1), phosphorus (26.47 kg kg-1) and potassium (35.29 kg kg-1) were recorded higher with nano fertilizers than conventional one. Urease activity (22.42 µg NH4-N g-1 hr-1) was found to be significantly higher in treatment T2 (Package of practice) and enzyme activity like dehydrogenase activity and acid phosphatase activity not significantly varied, the numerical difference was regulated by pH of soil. Combination of conventional and nano fertilizers can be effectively utilized in enhancing the nutrients use efficiency while sustainably managing the soil properties
Response of Biofertilizer and Biochar on Growth and Yield of Baby Corn
No full textThe field experiment was conducted at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agriculture Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj, UP, during the Zaid season of 2023. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatment combinations which are replicated thrice. The experiment involves with the biofertilizers like azospirillum(10g and 20g/kg seed),azotobacter(10g and 20g/kg seed) along with biochar(0t/ha,10t/ha,40t/ha). Among the various treatment combinations in (treatment-9) with the application of Azospirillum 10g/kg seed along with Azotobacter 10 g/kg seed and Biochar 40 t/ha significantly recorded higher plant height (117.13 cm), plant dry weight (34.33 g), cobs/plant (1.87), cob length without husk (14.58 cm), cob weight without husk (12.09 g) and cob yield without husk (4.70 t/ha). Maximum gross returns (2,35,000.00 ₹/ha), were obtained in (treatment-9) whereas maximum net returns (1,27,001.00 ₹/ha) and higher benefit cost ratio (1.74) was obtained in (treatment-8) with application of Azospirillum 10g/kg seed along with Azotobacter 10g/kg seed and Biochar 10 t/ha