Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
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The Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Mustard Crop (Brassica juncea L.) and Its Influence on Growth and Productivity
No full textIntegrated nutrient management (INM) plays a crucial role in optimizing growth and productivity in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). The present study in Mewar University, 2024-25, evaluated the effect of different INM treatments on plant growth, biomass accumulation, and yield components. The results demonstrated that increasing nutrient integration significantly enhanced vegetative growth parameters, including plant height, plant population, and dry matter accumulation at both 30 and 60 DAS. Yield-attributing traits such as siliqua length, number of siliquae per plant, seeds per siliqua, and 1000-seed weight also improved markedly under INM. Among all treatments, T10 consistently recorded the highest growth and yield, producing a maximum seed yield of 2630 kg/ha and biological yield of 7490 kg/ha, along with the highest harvest index and leaf area index. The findings highlight the synergistic benefits of integrating organic and inorganic nutrient sources, which enhance nutrient uptake efficiency and promote balanced crop development. Overall, INM proved to be an effective strategy for improving the productivity and resource-use efficiency of Indian mustard, supporting its adoption in sustainable agriculture systems
Impact on Nutrient Availability in Seedlings of Mango Rootstocks under Salt Stress
No full textUniform-size, six-month old seedlings of seven mango (Mangiferaindica L.) rootstocks, namely Moovandan, Bappakai, Nekkare, Kurukkan, Olour, Terpentine, and Chandrakaran, were treated with tap water containing 0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl at four days interval for 40 days. NaCl stress caused a reduction in K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, and Fe2+ concentrations in all rootstocks; however, it increased the accumulation of Mn2+ and Cu2+ in tissues. Based on the nutrient status up and down in rootstocks, it could be said that salinity tolerance is found in the following order: Olour>Terpentine>Kurukkan>Nekkare>Bappakai>Moovandan>Chandrakaran
Evaluating the Impact of Gypsum Content on the Physical and Hydraulic Properties of Soils in Arid Regions: A Review
No full textGypsum soils constitute approximately 100 million hectares of the world’s area, and approximately 28% of the Iraq s, area. Low gypsum content (about 14%) have a positive effect on improving soil properties, if the soil has a high gypsum content it will lead to a deterioration in the physical, chemical and fertility properties. Gypsum affects physical soil properties, water movement and water functions because it is semi-soluble and thus affects plant growth and productivity.
Gypsum soils are generally of a fine texture, and the texture of the surface layer is often loam, while the subsurface layer has a clay loam texture. Most gypsum soils are poorly structure in their surface horizons, while the sub surface horizons are structure less, or in the form of individual grains.
Gypsum soils have a low ability to retain moisture at high pressures and high temperature conditions. An increase in soil gypsum content reduces organic matter, clay percentage, and available water. As the percentage of gypsum in the soil increases, the bulk density values increase up to 30% gypsum, as well as the value of the liquid, plasticity limits, and plasticity index value decrease. The values of saturated hydraulic conductivity depends on the nature of the gypsum crystals and their percentage in the soil. The rate of water column rise has an inverse relationship with the gypsum percentage. The importance of this study to reduce the deterioration of gypsum soils
Spatial Variability and Temporal Fluctuation of Soil Salinity and Sodicity in Irrigated Areas of Amibara Districts, Middle Awash, Ethiopia
No full textThis study was conducted to investigate Spatial Variability and Temporal Fluctuation of Soil Salinity and Sodicity in Fluvisols and Vertisols Areas of Amibara, Middle Awash, Ethiopia. A Total of 182 soil samples with two sampling depths (0-30 cm and 30-60 cm) were collected from irrigated and non-irrigated fields at the months of August, October and December. Based on the mean values of laboratory analysis result, the textural class in Fluvisols ranged from silt clay, clay loam to clay whereas it was clay in Vertisols areas. The mean pHe values ranged from moderately alkaline to strongly alkaline in both soil types. The ECe values varied from 0.48 to 21.8 dS/m and 0.70 to 5.4 dS/m, respectively for soil samples collected from Fluvisols and Vertisols areas of the AIS. The mean SAR values ranged from 1.7 to 18.2, in Fluvisols, while it ranged from 2.8 to 14.6 at 0-30 cm depth in Vertisols areas. Generally by combining all salinity and sodicity parameters, about 71.43, 19.05 and 9.52% in Fluvisols and 77.78, 11.11 and 11.11% of the soil samples in Vertisols area grouped under normal, saline and saline sodic class, respectively. The temporal trends of soil ECe varies with irrigation water application interval and type of field covers. Generally increasing trends has been occurred in fields covered by cotton crops and tree plants, while irregular trends has been observed in fields covered by sugarcane crops. Higher increment of each soil chemical properties were observed in irrigated farm compared to non-irrigated farm, at surface than subsurface soil depth and in Fluvisols than in Vertisols. Generally, in addition to quality reduction of Awash River water, poor management of irrigation, absence of adequate surface and subsurface drainage structures are aggravating soil salinity in the study area
A Comprehensive Review on Plant-Soil Interactions: Microbial Dynamics, Nutrient Cycling and Sustainable Crop Production
No full textPlant-soil interactions are crucial to the establishment of crop productivity, soil well-being, and environmental stewardship. These interactions involve intricate biological, chemical, and physical processes that determine nutrient cycling, soil structure, and plant growth. Better understanding of these interactions is critical in the development of sustainable crop production strategies that maximize use of resources, improve soil fertility, and minimize environmental effects. This review explores the complex interactions between plant-soil relations, with particular focus on the functions of soil microbiomes, nutrient cycling, and sustainable agricultural management. It also assesses the effects of these interactions on crop yields, environmental well-being, and climatic resilience
Studying the Effect of Some Soil Conditioners and Anti-transpirations on Common Bean Plant Productivity and Soil Properties under Water Stress
No full textWater deficit stress and climatic changes pose serious threats to plant productivity and soil health, ultimately affecting global food security and ecosystem stability. Sustainable water management, conservation practices, and climate-resilient crops are crucial to mitigating these effects. Consequently, using some soil conditioners and anti-transpirations like potassium silicate (PS), compost (COM)), chitosan (CHI) and Abscisic acid (ABA) can reduce the negative impact of water stress and improve of soil properties that reflect on plant productivity. Two field experiments during autumn seasons of 2021 and 2022 were designed in a split plot design with three replicates at Shandweel Research Station, Sohag Governorate, Egypt. The main objectives of this study were to estimate the effect of some soil conditioners and anti-transpirations (PS, COM, CHI and ABA) on common bean plant productivity as well as some physical and chemical properties of soil under water deficit stress (60 and 80 %) and full irrigation 100% of water requirement as control during the autumn seasons to investigate grown in clay loam soil. The obtained results showed that reducing irrigation to 60 and 80% of the water requirements led to significant decrease in vegetative growth parameters, flowering date, pod length, plant height number of pods/plant and green pods yield/fed compared to full irrigation. Moreover, the results explored that soil pH, salinity, organic matter, available nutrients have been effected with water stress compared to the control. In addition, all plant attributes and soil properties improved in the presence of compost in the first and second seasons. As well as, the results showed that the compost was the best application used in this investigation in terms of adaptation under deficit water stress
Effectiveness of Dicyandiamide (DCD) in Suppressing Nitrification in Tropical Soils: Relevance of Soil Type, Fertilizer Type and Soil Temperature
No full textRapid nitrification under warm humid climate in the tropics leads to high nitrogen losses from soil. Understanding the factors deciding the performance of dicyandiamide (DCD) as a nitrification inhibitor (NI) is important for its applications in tropical agriculture. This study investigated the effect of soil type, temperature, and nitrogen (N) source on performance of DCD (at 10 mg kg-1 rate) using tropical soils in laboratory-scale experiments. The percent inhibition of potential nitrification rate (PNR) by DCD was evaluated using eight soil types with contrasting properties. Then two soils (Rhodustalfs and Typic Quartzipsamments) were treated with DCD and urea, and NO3- produced during first 48 h after incubating at 21±1, 24±0 and 29±1 °C was investigated. Further NO3- released from a Typic Quartzipsamments over nine-days after applying urea, compost and poultry-manure, with and without DCD was determined. PNR was significantly different (P = 0.05) among soil types, and DCD inhibited nitrification to different levels (14-70%). The highest suppression of PNR by DCD when urea was not applied was registered at 21 °C and 29 °C for Rhodustalfs (55%) and Typic Quartzipsamments (80%), respectively. But DCD could not hold the same level of suppression at these temperatures when urea was applied. Although DCD effectively suppress nitrification when applied with urea, it was not effective as a NI when applied with compost or poultry manure. Results confirmed that the effectiveness of DCD is not consistent in tropical soils, and varied with soil type, temperature and N-source applied to soil. The findings have implications in developing strategies targeting to improve nitrogen use efficiency in crop cultivation in the tropics under changing climate
Ameliorating Effect of GA3 Priming on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Rice Genotypes under Salinity Stress
No full textAims: Salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting crop productivity, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is highly sensitive to salinity, especially during the germination stage. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of gibberellic acid (GA₃) seed priming on mitigating salinity stress and improving seed germination and early seedling growth in different rice genotypes.
Study Design: The experiment followed a factorial block design under laboratory conditions, testing the interaction of four rice genotypes and varying salinity levels, with and without GA₃ priming.
Place and Duration of Study: The lab experiment was conducted in department Plant physiology laboratory in GBPUAT Pantnagar over a period of four weeks.
Methodology: Four rice genotypes Pant Basmati 1, Pant Basmati 2, Pant Sugandh 21, and CSR 36were evaluated under four NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM). Seeds were primed with 20 and 30 µM GA₃ and compared to untreated controls. Key germination and seedling parameters including germination percentage, shoot and root length, dry weight, seedling vigour index, and seedling tolerance index were measured and statistically analysed.
Results: Increased salinity significantly reduced all measured parameters across genotypes. Pant Basmati 1 was most sensitive, while CSR 36 showed the highest tolerance. At 150 mM NaCl, germination occurred only in CSR 36. GA₃ priming significantly improved germination and seedling growth, particularly in sensitive genotypes. Pant Sugandh 21 and Pant Basmati 1 showed 30% and 23% increased germination, respectively, with GA₃ at high salinity. More than 15% improvement in shoot and root length was observed in all GA₃-treated genotypes at 100 and 150 mM NaCl.
Conclusion: Seed priming with 30 µM GA₃ effectively mitigates salinity stress during rice germination, enhancing seedling growth and tolerance, especially in salt-sensitive cultivars. This approach holds promise for improving rice cultivation in salt-affected areas
Molecular Profiling of Yield-Associated Genes/QTLs in Advanced Rice Breeding Lines (Oryza sativa L.)
No full textAn investigation was conducted at Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR) farm located at Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The experimental field was laid in RBD design using 30 advanced Breeding Lines ABL (SP-02, SP-03, SP-08, SP-13, SP-25, SP-34, SP-37, SP-55, SP-57, SP-61, SP-63, SP-69, SP-70, SP-72, SP-75, SP-80, SP-351, SP-352, SP-353, SP-354, SP-355, SP-356, SP-357, SP-358, SP-359, SP-360, NDR-359, IR-64 and JAYA), including one check variety BPT-5204.BPT-5204 used as quality check. For molecular characterization of advanced breeding lines seven genes (Gn1&Gn2for grain number; SCM2 and SCM3 for strong culm; Gs3for grain size; Gw5for grain weight; Spl14for spikelet length) and three QTLs (Yld12.1, Yld2.1 and Yld4.1for yield) were used. Upon genotyping, 30 advanced breeding lines, only one advanced breeding line SP-08 showed the presence of seven yield contributing genes/QTLs (Gn1, Gn2, SCM2, SCM3, Gw5, Yld12.1, Yld2.1) indicating presence of high potential for yield. Two advanced breeding lines showed the presence of six yield contributing genes/QTLs, they are SP-69 (Gn1, Gn2, SCM3, Gw5, Spl14, Yld2.1) and SP-70 (Gn1, SCM3, Gw5, Gs3, Yld2.1, Yld12.1). Whereas four advanced breeding lines showed the presence of five yield contributing genes. They are SP-37 (Gn2, SCM3, Gw5, Yld12.1, Yld2.1), SP-55 (Gn2, SCM2, SCM3, Gw5, Yld2.1), SP-75 (Gn1, Gn2, SCM3, Gw5, Yld12.1) and SP-61 (Gn1, Gn2, SCM2, Gw5, Yld2.1). The morphological and physiological parameters of advanced breeding lines were correlated with the molecular analysis. SP-08 showed better morphological and physiological parameters like number of tillers, LAD, LAI, CGR, NAR, and also showed the presence of seven (Gn1, Gn2, SCM2, SCM3, Gw5, Yld12.1 and Yld2.1) yield contributing genes/QTLs. Genotype, SP-70 showed better in several physiological parameters photosynthetic rate, SPAD meter readings, dry matter accumulation, and also contain six (Gn1, SCM3, Gw5, Gs3, Yld2.1 and Yld12.1) genes/QTLs. Genotype, SP-69 higher panicle length and also contain six corresponding genes governing (Gn1, Gn2, SCM3, Gw5, Spl14 and Yld2.1) genes/QTLs. Two advanced breeding lines namely SP-08, SP-70 can be further probed thoroughly for further increasing yield and yield attribute
Soil Temperature Dynamics under Subsurface Water Retention in Light-textured Soils
No full textA field experiment was conducted during the spring season of 2024 to investigate the temporal thermal distribution in the water retention treatment, compare it to other management treatments, and examine the thermal variation with depth in coarse-textured soil. The field soil had a sandy loam texture and flat topography, classified into a subgroup of typical torpsamms according to Soil Taxonomy (19). The experiment was designed according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates and four treatments: water retention, organic matter, tillage, and no-tillage. The treatments were randomly distributed and white corn was planted. The results showed that soil temperatures increased from a depth of 0.15 m and increased with depth. When comparing the water retention treatments T1 with the tillage treatment (control), the highest temperature was 24.9 and 27.1 °C for depths 0.30 and 0.45 m, while the organic matter treatment (T2) recorded higher temperatures, reaching 23.5, 24.9 and 26.6 °C. The no-tillage treatment (control) also produced the lowest temperatures, reaching 20.6 and 21.10 °C