Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
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Enhancement of Oilseeds Crop Production through Micronutrient Fertilization: A Review
No full textGlobally India is the fourth largest economy for oilseeds after United states, China and brazil. Oilseeds are grown over an area of 26.77 million ha in India, with the production of 33.55 million tons and productivity of 2549 kg ha-1, respectively. Oilseeds are majorly grown as rainfed crop especially by small and marginal farmers. Plants need micronutrients in small amounts for their growth and development. Iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), boron (B), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo) and chlorine (Cl) are some of them. Specific micronutrients in oilseeds are important for the translocation of photosynthates, increased seed set along with the translocation of sugar, pollen grain germination, stigma receptivity, amino acid and protein synthesis and finally boosting seed production
Effect of Varieties and Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of Wheat Crop under Irrigated Condition (Triticum aestivum L.)
No full textWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the third most crucial staple food globally, providing essential nutrients and being widely utilized in various applications. A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2022–2023 at Lovely Professional University\u27s Agriculture Research Farm in Jalandhar, Punjab, to investigate the impact of different wheat varieties and nutrient treatments on growth and grain yield. The study utilized a factorial randomized block design with three replications and eight treatment combinations involving two wheat varieties: V1 (Unnat PBW 550) V2 (WH 1105) and four nutritional levels: N1 (control), N2 (100% RDF Recommended dose of fertilizer), N3 & 15% VC (Vermicompost), and N4 (70% RDF & 30% VC). The results showed that the N3 treatment significantly enhanced growth parameters, including plant height, number of leaves, tiller count, and dry matter accumulation. V2 (WH 1105) exhibited superior growth, with greater plant height (93.6 cm), leaf count (24.1 leaves/plant), and dry matter accumulation (54.57 g at 90 DAS).Yield attributes such as the number of effective tillers per plant, grains per spike, and 1000-grain weight were highest in the N3 treatment, with V2 (WH 1105) against outperforming V1 (Unnat PBW 550). Specifically, N3 treatment resulted in the highest number of effective tillers (6.0), grains per spike (58.16), and 1000-grain weight (39.40 g). Grain yield was maximized with the N3 treatment (57.15 q/ha), with V2 (WH 1105) producing a significantly higher grain yield (50.5 q/ha) compared to V1 (Unnat PBW 550). Additionally, the N3 treatment led to the highest straw yield (78.96 q/ha) and biological yield (136.11 q/ha). The harvest index was highest with the N2 treatment (42.35%), while V2 (WH 1105) showed a higher harvest index (41.97%) than V1 (Unnat PBW 550). These findings underscore the importance of nutrient management and variety selection in optimizing wheat growth and yield
GIS-Based Soil Mapping of Nagapattinam District, Tamil Nadu, India: A Study on Sulphur Content and Associated Soil Properties
No full textThe importance of sulphur in agriculture is evident because plants require sulphur for the synthesis of essential amino acids, proteins, vitamins, and coenzymes and to activate certain enzymes. Advanced techniques like global positioning systems (GPS), geographic information systems (GIS) and precision agriculture facilitate soil secondary nutrient mapping, providing quantitative support for decision and policy-making to improve agricultural approaches for balanced nutrition. Thus, thematic maps help design appropriate strategies to enhance the productivity of crops. A study was carried out in the Nagapattinam district to assess sulphur status and soil properties, create a data bank, and prepare thematic maps. A total of 1631 geo-referenced surface soil samples covering 11 blocks in Nagapattinam district were collected randomly at 0-15 cm depth and analyzed for various soil properties, such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), free CaCO3. The overall soil reaction in the Nagapattinam district at different blocks was mainly neutral, with low soil salinity hazards. The data on organic carbon status in the soils was medium. The average free calcium carbonate status in the soils of different blocks revealed moderately calcareous. The average available sulphur was found to be in the range of 54.4 to 153 mg kg-1. Higher availability of sulphur with a combined average of 84.8 mg kg-1 was noticed in the soils of the entire district and could be attributed to the high organic carbon content and heavy texture of the soils
A Comparative Study of Long-Term Conventional and No-Tillage Practices on the Basis of Available Soil Nutrients, Soil Organic Carbon and Crop Productivity in Black Soils of Central India
No full textCrop residue removal in conventional tillage (CT) can cause the depletion of soil nutrients (such as N, P, K) and organic carbon resulting in negative nutrient balance/depleted soil fertility. No-tillage (NT) is seen as a good substitute for CT in terms of preserving soil fertility and enhancing the soil productivity. The present study carried out in black soil of central India comprising of 2 tillage systems and 3 crop rotations to compared the effects of long-term conventional and no-tillage practices on available soil nutrients, soil organic carbon and crop yield differences in different cropping systems. Conventional tillage and No-till were factored into, soybean-wheat, maize-wheat and maize-gram systems. The long-term no-tillage treatment resulted in higher soil organic carbon (0.95%), available soil nitrogen (222.61 Kg ha-1), phosphorus (24.62 Kg ha-1) and potassium (583.63 Kg ha-1) contents at the 0–10 cm depth than the conventional tillage treatment. Crop productivity in terms of soybean grain equivalent yield (SGEY) was significantly higher in NT (41.42 quintal ha-1) compare to CT (35.36 quintal ha-1). The study proven that no-tillage is an effective strategy to improve soil fertility (organic carbon and available nutrients) and crop yield of different cropping systems in black soils of central India
Response of Vermicompost and Zinc Application on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Gram (Cicer arietinum)
No full textThe present study aimed to determine the response of vermicompost and Zinc Application on Yield and Nutrient uptake by Gram (Cicer arietinum). Vermicompost typically contains 0.40–0.75%, 0.13–0.22% P, and 0.6–1.2% N. The usage of synthetic fertilizers has been shown to have a negative influence on the environment, and their cost has been rising over time. Farmers are becoming more aware of the benefits of raising crops organically, which will save expenses and lessen adverse environmental effects. A field experiment was conducted at experimental farm, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Mewar University Gangrar, Chittorgarh (Rajasthan) during Rabi season of 2023-24. The required quantities of fertilizers as per treatments were applied. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications consisting of tan treatments. The data recorded maximum yield parameter such as number of pods per plant (68.48), number of seed per pod (2.14), seed yield (2289.12 kg/ha), stover yield (2790.12 kg/ha), biological yield (5079.24 kg/ha) and NPK content in grain and straw (3.432; 0.822, 0.395; 0.165 and 0.712; 1.452%) and uptake (78.56; 22.93, 9.04; 4.60 and 16.30; 40.51 kg/ha), respectively with T10-Vermicompost (4.5 tons ha-1) + Zn (5.0 kg ha-1). The minimum yield, nutrient content and uptake obtained with control treatment. Therefore, conclude be application of Vermicompost (4.5 tons ha-1) + Zn (5.0 kg ha-1) are indigenous sources of enhance productivity and nutrient uptake by chickpea
Effect of Bio-stimulants on Growth and Yield of Garlic (Allium sativum L.)
No full textThe experiment was carried out at Vegetable Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar (Rajasthan), India during rabi season (2021-2022) on garlic. The experiment consisted of ten treatments of bio-stimulants viz. soil drenching of humic acid @ 4 g/lit. , soil drenching of humic acid @ 6 g/lit., soil drenching of humic acid @ 8 g/lit., soil drenching of seaweed extract @ 4 ml/lit., soil drenching of seaweed extract @ 6 ml/lit., soil drenching of seaweed extract @ 8 ml/lit., soil drenching of vermiwash @ 10 ml/lit., soil drenching of vermiwash @ 20 ml/lit. and soil drenching of vermiwash @ 30 ml/lit.and control and laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The result of the present study clearly indicates that the growth and yield attributes of garlic plants increased with the soil application of different bio-stimulants over control. Growth and yield attributes viz. number of leaves per plant, leaf length, plant height, chlorophyll content of leaves, fresh weight of bulb, bulb diameter, yield of bulb per plot and yield of bulb per hectare increased significantly due to application of humic acid. The maximum value of growth and yield parameters i.e. number of leaves per plant (7.32 and 9.33), length of leaves (48.44 cm and 63.28 cm), plant height (57.38 cm and 69.19 cm) at 60 and 90 DAS, respectively, chlorophyll content (1.87 mg/g), fresh weight of bulb (31.86 g), bulb diameter (4.83 cm), yield of bulb per plot (2.74 kg) and yield of bulb per hectare (212.99 q ha-1) were recorded with soil drenching of humic acid @ 8g/lit. and the minimum value of growth and yield parameters i.e. number of leaves per plant (6.16 and 7.35), length of leaves (34.99 cm and 52.27 cm), plant height (36.83 cm and 49.30 cm) at 60 and 90 DAS, respectively, chlorophyll content (0.57 mg/g), fresh weight of bulb (21.13 g), bulb diameter (3.25 cm), yield of bulb per plot (1.79 kg) and yield of bulb per hectare (141.10 q ha-1) with control
Impact of Plant Growth Retardants and Detopping on Growth Parameters in Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill)
No full textThe present study was executed with the prime objective to study the effect of different concentrations of chlormequat chloride, paclobutrazol and detopping on morpho-physiological parameters of soybean variety NRC-37. The field trial was carried out inkharif 2023 at Department of Plant Physiology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand in randomized block design with ten treatments replicated thrice. The growth retardants were sprayed at 30 and 45 days after sowing. Detopping was done on 45 days after sowing. Morphological parameters like plant height and number of leaves per plant were recorded lowest with increasing concentrations of growth retardants. Paclobutrazol @ 100 mg/l recorded the lowest plant height and number of leaves per plant. Chlormequat chloride @ 750 mg/l promoted early flowering and recorded highest stem and total dry weight. Minimum values for leaf area index and leaf area ratio were observed with chlormequat chloride @ 750 mg/l and paclobutrazol @ 75 mg/l at different growth stages. Net assimilation rate and crop growth rate also observed similar trends recording higher values in chlormequat chloride @ 750 mg/l and paclobutrazol @ 75 mg/l at various crop growth stages. Foliar application of chlormequat chloride @ 750 mg/l or paclobutrazol @ 75 mg/l exerted a profound effect on the growth characters in soybean crop
Soil Insect Pests of Potato in Rainfed Upland Situation of Biswanath, Assam, India
No full textA field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm for PG research, Biswanath College of Agriculture, Biswanath, Assam Agricultural University, to investigate the various soil insect pests of potato. During this experiment, four insect pests from three different orders and four families were recorded as soil insect pests of potato
Different Fractions of Sulphur, Their Correlations with Soil Properties and Yield of Soybean and Safflower Influenced by Long Term Fertilizers Experiment under Vertisol
No full textSulphur is an important element in Indian soils, and it has been found as a major limitation for increasing the oil seed productivity. The results emerged out from experimental field showed that 100% NPK + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 recorded significantly maximum fractions of sulphur, namely organic sulphur (37.13 mg kg-1), non-sulphate sulphur (118.28 mg kg-1), water soluble sulphur (12.28 mg kg-1), heat soluble sulphur (1.45 mg kg-1) and total sulphur (153.65 mg kg-1) followed by only application of organic manuring as FYM @ 10 t ha-1. Different sulphur fractions exhibited negative correlation with pH and EC while, found positive significant with organic carbon, available N, P, K and S. Similarly, soybean and safflower both crops produced higher yields of grain (18.30 and 8.66 q ha-1) and straw (28.70 and 27.73 q ha-1), respectively. However, higher N (131.80 kg ha-1), P (26.27 kg ha-1), K (56.44 kg ha-1), S (15.43 kg ha-1) and Zn (253.90 g ha-1 ) uptake were observed by soybean whereas, N (54.43 kg ha-1), P(16.47 kg ha-1), K( 69.90 kg ha-1), S ( 11.29 kg ha-1 ) and Zn (162.19 g ha-1) were observed by safflower in application of 100 % NPK + FYM @ 5 t ha-1
Ground Water Quality Assessment of Different Villages of Kheda District of Gujarat, India
No full textThe Kheda district lies in the Cambay basin situated between Saurashtra crater and Aravalli Swell and Deccan Shield in the east. The basin comprises both marine formations, is the principal source of water supply for middle Gujarat region. The quality evaluation for this groundwater is very important tool for sustainable development and decision for water management. A survey work conducted during April-May, 2016 for ground water quality assessment of ‘Kheda district of middle Gujarat. A total of 160 groundwater samples, from shallow, springs, and deep aquifers, were collected, storage and analysed to evaluate its quality suitability for domestic and agriculture purposes. The result of quality of underground wells/tube wells water revealed that the EC values ranged 0.51 to 8.50 with a mean value of 2.04 dS m-1. The waters were alkaline in reaction (pH 7.97). The overall RSC values ranged from -4.80 to 10.50 with a mean value of 2.41 me L-1. The overall mean value of SSP was found 34.34, which varied from 8.00 to 77.26. The SAR values ranged from 0.36 to 29.96 with a mean value of 7.48