Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
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Impact of Nano-Urea Application on Wheat Yield and Soil Properties: A Sustainable Approach to Nutrient Management
No full textA field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) season of 2022–23 at Dugurpur village Nuaon Block under On Farm Trial by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kaimur, to investigate the Impact of Nano-Urea Application on Wheat Yield and Soil Properties. The experiment was tested in a randomized block design with 2-nano-urea based treatment,viz. farmers practice (100% RDF), 50% of RDN & 100% PK + nano urea @4ml/lt. water (Single spray at 35 DAS), 50% of RDN & 100% PK + 2 sprays of Nano Urea at (35 DAS) and (60-65DAS) @ 4 ml/lt water. Results revealed that, yield attributes were significantly higher with 50% RDN& 100% PK along with nano urea. This treatment also resulted in 1.6 and 4.2% more grain yield with 100% RDF (33.14 q/ha).The effective tillers/m2 and number of grains/spike whichresulted in significantly higher grain yield. Thus, 50% RDN & 100% PK along with 50% of RDN & 100% PK + 2 sprays of Nano Urea at (35 DAS) and (60-65DAS) @ 4 ml/lt water are the more productive options for wheat-growingfarmers keeping view of the uprising cost and crisis of urea
Isolation, Purification and Characterization of Cellulose-degrading Bacteria from Soil in Chhattisgarh, India
No full textWaste mainly contains cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose and among them cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on earth, playing a vital role in the structural integrity of plant cells. They are structurally difficult to break which result in their accumulation affecting environment. Biological method involving certain microorganisms, notably cellulose-degrading bacteria is considered as a sustainable method to combat such problems. In this current research work, isolation and characterization of cellulose-degrading bacteria was carried out to evaluate their cellulose-degrading efficiency. Isolation was carried out from dump area and forest soil using CMC agar media plating. Cellulase degrading ability was screened on the basis of halo zone formation by isolates which was performed using Congo red and NaCl solution as staining agent in CMC plate. Out of all, 4 potential isolates were screened and their hydrolytic capacity ranged from 1.2-2.0. Bacterial characterization was done by following Bergey’s manual of determination. All the isolates were found negative for citrate test whereas they had mixed result for other biochemical characters. Isolate GNR-1 and S-17 showed gram positive reaction whereas isolate S-15 and SG-1 showed negative gram reaction. Isolate; GNR-1 & S-17 were found positive reaction for catalase assay. Their morphological study was also carried out that shows variations among all the isolates. The applications of these bacteria in waste management are quite useful, highlighting their potential for improving sustainability
Effect of Agriculture Land Use Practices on Selected Soil Properties and Macro-Aggregate Stability: A Case Study of Coastal Plain Sand, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
No full textThe study was carried out in Coastal plain Sands. Southeastern Nigeria to evaluate Macro-aggregate stability under three land-use types; Rubber Plantation (RP). Oil Palm Plantation (OPP, and Forest plot (FP). Random soil and core samples were collected in five Points in each of the three land-use types, given a total of 15 samples, bulked for physical and chemical analyses. Aggregate Separation was done using a nest of four sieve sizes. Macro-aggregate stability indices means weight diameter of dry and wet (MWDd and MWDw), water stability aggregate (WSA), aggregate Clay (AC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and aggregate silt plus Clay (ASC) were calculated. The data were subjected into descriptive statistics and correlation Matrix. The result indicates that sand was the dominant particle size fraction. Macro-aggregate stability indices result revealed that MWDw recorded highest value at RP (1.128) and lowest at FP (0.963). WSA and AC had highest mean value at RP (26.82) and OPP (11.562) and RP (4.85), mean value at OPP(1.54) and OPP (13.35) and lowest value of RP(1.22) and FP(7.35) respectively. Aggregate silt plus clay increases flocculation of soil aggregate, while exchangeable sodium percentage causes disintegration of soil aggregate
Effect of Phosphorus Fertilization and Zinc Spraying on Productivity of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
No full textThe research was carried out during the years 2023/2024 in Ain Al-Bayda Village, Lattakia, Syria to study the effect of phosphorus fertilization and zinc spraying on productivity of sesame by five different levels of phosphorus fertilization (0, 40, 60, 80, 100) kg P2O/ha, and four concentrations of zinc spraying (0, 30, 60, 90) mg Zn2SO4/l.
The experiment was carried out according to a completely randomized plot design with a one-time split plot design and three replicates for each treatment. The main plots included phosphorus fertilization, while the secondary plots included zinc spraying.
The results showed that the phosphorus fertilization level of 100 kg P2O5/ha was significantly superior to all other fertilization levels by the highest average for all traits, as it gave the highest value for number of capsules per plant (92.75 capsules/plant), length of the capsule (2.97 cm), number of seeds per capsule (78.53 seeds/capsule), weight of 1000 seeds (3.98 g) and seed yield (1253.60 kg/ha).
The zinc spray concentration of 90 mg Zn2SO4/l gave the highest value for number of capsules per plant (75.27 capsules/plant), weight of 1000 seeds (3.77 g) and seed productivity (1046 kg/ha), while the zinc spray concentration of 60 mg Zn2SO4/l gave the highest value for number of seeds per capsule (72.85 seeds/capsule) and length of the capsule (2.68 cm).
The intervention of 100 kg P2O5/ha x 90 mg Zn2SO4/l achieved the highest value for number of capsules per plant (96.22 capsules/plant), weight of 1000 seeds (4.13 g) and seed productivity (1357.30 kg/ha), while the intervention of 100 kg P2O5/ha x 60 mg Zn2SO4/l achieved the highest value for the two characteristics of number of seeds per capsule (79.63 seeds/capsule) and length of the capsule (3.03 cm)
Effect of Seed Priming, Beejamrit, Jeevamrit and Micronutrients on Symbiotic Traits, Growth Attributes, Dehydrogenase Activity, Leghaemoglobin Content, Protein Content and Grain Yield of Chickpea
No full textA field experiment was conducted at Research Farm area of R.A.K. (Rafi Ahmad Kidwai) College of Agriculture, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh during rabi season 2023-24 to study the effect of Seed priming, Beejamrit, Jeevamrit and Micronutrients (Zn and Mo) in combination with Rhizobium and PSB inoculation on symbiotic traits, growth attributes, soil dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and leghaemoglobin content in root nodules, protein content in seed and grain yield of chickpea crop grown with one irrigation in Vertisol. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of T1: RDF + Rhizobium (Rh) + Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB), T2: RDF + Rh + PSB + Seed priming with water, T3: RDF + Rh + PSB + Beejamrit treatment (seed primed), T4: RDF + Rh + PSB + Seed priming with 0.05% Mo as Ammonium Molybdate (AM), T5: RDF + Rh + PSB + AM 1 gm kg-1 seed with inoculation, T6: RDF + Rh + PSB + Jeevamrit spray at 35 and 55 days after sowing (DAS), T7: T1 + 0.05% AM spray at 35 and 55 DAS, T8: T1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 + 0.25% Lime spray at 35 and 55 DAS, T9: T1 + 0.05% AM + 0.25% ZnSO4 + 0.25% Lime spray at 35 and 55 DAS and T10: 50% RDF + Rh + PSB + Jeevamrit spray + 0.05% AM + 0.25% ZnSO4 + 0.25% Lime spray at 35 and 55 DAS. The symbiotic traits, growth attributes at 50 DAS and grain yield was significantly increased by the application of RDF + Rhizobium + PSB + Ammonium Molybdate @ 1 gm kg-1 seed with inoculation (T5), followed by treatment T10 (50% RDF + Rhizobium + PSB + Jeevamrit spray + 0.05% AM + 0.25% ZnSO4 + 0.25% Lime spray at 35 and 55 DAS). The T5 treatment produces about 26% higher grain yield over the RDF + Rhizobium + PSB (T1). The treatment T5 recorded highest protein content in seed i.e. 19.50%, followed by the treatment T10 (19.31%). DHA in rhizosphere soil and leghaemoglobin content in root nodules at 50 DAS was found maximum in treatment T5 (31.20 µg TPF [Triphenyl formazan] g-1 soil hr-1 and 3.10 mg g-1 respectively), followed by treatment T10 with values 30.60 µg TPF g-1 soil hr-1 and 3.08 mg g-1 respectively. The study indicated necessity of application of molybdenum wherever deficient in Vertisol under intensive (Soybean-Chickpea) cultivation of legumes, for enhancing productivity of chickpea and also gave indication that by integration of Jeevamrit spray + 0.05% AM + 0.25% ZnSO4 + 0.25% Lime spray at 35 and 55 DAS, a saving of 50% RDF can be made under existing practice. Further, this study also give an indication that the use of RDF along with biofertilizers i.e. Rhizobium + PSB and seed priming in beejamrit (T3) for four hours before sowing may also be a beneficial option with slightly lower, but statistically identical chickpea yield with highest yielded treatment T5
Enriched Vermicompost Made through Bio Waste of Soybean Stover (Dry Matter) and Fresh Cow Dung Using Earthworms (Eisenia fetida spp.)
No full textThis investigation was associated with different materials and techniques on bio-fertilizer application in soybean stover (dry matter) and fresh Cow dung for effect of bio fertilizer and earthworms (Eisenia fetida sp.) on bio waste decomposition. This study was analyzed by RBD (Randomized Block Design) with 6 treatments have to bio fertilizers combination i.e. (E1-control, E2- Rhizobium, E3- Rhizobium+ PSB, E4-Rhizobium+ KSB, E5-Rhizobium+ PSB+KSB, and E6-Rhizobium+ PSB+ KSB+ Trichoderma) and earthworms with 4 replications. The research was conducted at MRPC in Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, JNKVV, Jabalpur during the Rabi season of 2021-22 and 2022-23. The result interpreted by partial decomposition, duration of completion, conversion rate and recovery percentage of vermicomposting. The result revealed that partial decomposition (kg) found in enriched vermicompost higher to lower sequence i.e. E5 (7.11 kg)> E3 (7.18 kg) > E2 (7.19 kg) > E4 (7.20 kg) = E6 (7.20 kg) > E1 (7.28 kg) from initial weight (10 kg). The production of enriched vermicompost maximum found in E6 (5.58, 5.63 and 5.61 kg pot-1) within respective duration (42, 40 and 41 days) of vermicomposting in sequent years and statically pooled analysis. Conversion rate and recovery percentage of enriched vermicompost were increase with the combination of bio-agents. This investigation useful to making vermicompost using of agricultural waste through bio-fertilizer
Soil Pollution: Sources, Effects, and Mitigation Strategies
No full textSoil pollution is a growing global concern, directly affecting soil health, agriculture, ecosystems, and human health. It results from various anthropogenic and natural activities, leading to the contamination of soil with toxic chemicals, waste, and pathogens. Key sources of soil pollution include industrial activities, agricultural practices, urbanization, and improper waste disposal. Pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, plastics, and pathogens have severe effects on the soil ecosystem, reducing its fertility, biodiversity, and productivity. Furthermore, soil pollution poses significant health risks, such as food contamination and water pollution, and contributes to environmental degradation. This review discusses the sources of soil pollution, the types of pollutants, their impacts on soil and human health, and potential mitigation strategies, including preventive measures, bioremediation techniques, and soil restoration practices. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for integrated efforts at local, national, and global levels to combat soil pollution for sustainable development
Effect of IBA Levels on Bud Sprouting, Growth and Survival of Mulberry (Morus nigra L.) Cuttings
No full textAim: Standardizing the concentration of IBA and type of cutting to ensure better sprouting, growth and higher survival.
Experimental Design: Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD).
Location: The experiment was conducted at Fruit Research Station Imaliya, Department of Horticulture, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.).
Methodology: Mulberry (Morus nigra L.) is a fast growing deciduous plant which is commercially propagated from hardwood cutting due to advantages like rapid multiplication and preservation of required plant traits. Hence, this experiment was conducted to find out the feasibility of different types of cutting under influence of various IBA levels on growth and success of cuttings. The experiment was conducted in 3 x 4 Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) consisting of 12 treatments with 3 replications. Factor – A had three levels of cuttings (hardwood, semi hardwood, softwood cuttings and factor – B had four levels of IBA (0, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm).
Results: Among factor- A, hardwood (A1) showed significantly better results and soft wood (A3) showed the lowest performance. Among factor- B, IBA @ 3000 ppm showed significantly better results in respect to all parameters. The increased level of IBA (4000 ppm) showed the lowest performance regarding days to start sprouting only. Among rest all parameter lowest performance was recorded under IBA @ 0 ppm. The treatment combination T3 (hardwood cutting + IBA @ 3000 ppm) showed the minimum days (5.00) to start sprouting at 30 days after planting, maximum number of shoots per cutting (2.77, 4.40, 5.60), number of leaves per cutting (5.93, 8.45, 11.98) at 60, 90, 120 days after planting respectively. Maximum longest root length (27.54cm) and survival rate (83.33%) at 120 days after planting was also observed under treatment T3 (hardwood cutting + IBA @ 3000 ppm).
Conclusion: Among different cuttings hardwood performed best and among different levels of IBA, IBA @ 3000 ppm showed best results. While among treatment combinations, hardwood cutting treated with IBA @ 3000 ppm performed best with respect to sprouting, growth and survival of cuttings.
Significance of Work: Hardwood cuttings are commonly used for Mulberry propagation and the Soft wood and Semi hard wood portion of stem become useless during preparation of cutting. In order to reduce plant waste and observe additional positive effects, we are employing softwood and semi hardwood cuttings of mulberry. IBA is widely used vegetative propagation through cuttings because of its quicker ability to produce roots, chemical stability low mortality in plants
Economic, Environmental and Management Perspectives on Soil Pollution and Sustainable Remediation Strategies
No full textBackground: Soil pollution reflects a significant environmental challenge that impacts human health, ecosystems, and agricultural productivity. Confronting this challenge requires a comprehensive strategy that integrates economic, environmental, and management perspectives. This paper examines soil pollution from economic, environmental, and management perspectives, emphasizing the challenges and procedures in implementing sustainable remediation strategies.
Objective: The aim of this study is to assess and identify economical, sustainable remediation techniques that reduce financial impacts and improve contaminated soil. Create management plans for soils that efficiently lower pollutant levels and integrate several remediation methods suited to particular contaminants and situations. This article provides a comprehensive examination of soil pollutants in addition to potential solutions, including Phytoremediation and Bioremediation.
Key Findings: Implementing cost-effective soil management strategies, treating wastewater, utilizing bio-based biodegradable mulching, and employing hydroxyapatite (Hap) or combining various environmentally friendly remediation techniques can effectively reduce agricultural risks and minimize the costs associated with the contaminated soil treatment process.
Conclusion: addressing soil pollution requires a comprehensive strategy that mixes economic feasibility, environmental responsibility, and efficient management practices. Strategies for sustainable remediation provide to reduce pollution while simultaneously fostering a healthier ecosystem and promoting financial sustainability. By emphasizing these viewpoints, parties involved can strive for a sustainable future
Effect of Organic Manures and Biofertilizers on Fruit Quality and Soil Parameters of Ridge Gourd
No full textAim: To study the effect of organic manures and biofertilizers on fruit quality and soil parameters in ridge gourd.
Study Design: The experiment was carried out with 20 treatments in Randomized Block Design with three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: The research trial was carried out at P.G block, College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, SKLTSHU, Hyderabad during Kharif, 2021 and summer, 2022.
Results: The results reported that the RDF (100:100:50 NPK kg/ha) + AMC (7.5l/ha) were statistically significant and recorded highest in fruit quality, soil parameters compared to other treatments