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Theoretical Study on Policies to Elicit Behavior Aligned with Social Norms
Get PDFapplication/pdf本稿では，社会規範を守る意識が強い個人と弱い個人が混在する経済を考える．そして，社会規範に対する意識が低い個人を対象とした政策的介入を考える．具体的には，社会規範に従うための心理的コストを割り引く政策を考える．そして，規範意識が弱い主体をターゲットとして，社会規範が社会規範を破ることで得られる効用を減じる場合とそうでない場合に分けて分析を行った．そして分析の結果，前者と後者ではやや異なる帰結を得た．前者の場合においては，社会規範の水準が高まるほど，最適な介入は緩和されると判明した．後者においては，追加的な満足度が追加的費用を超える際は，最適な介入が緩和されると判明した．しかし前者か後者かに関わらない頑健性の高い結果も得た．具体的には，規範意識が弱い人が規範を守る際にかかる費用が高いほど，規範意識が高い人が多い場合においては，最適な介入は強化されることが判明した．In this paper, we consider an economy in which individuals with strong awareness of social norms coexist with those with weak awareness. We then examine policy interventions targeted at individuals with low awareness of social norms. Specifically, we consider policies that reduce the psychological cost of adhering to social norms. We conduct an analysis by dividing the cases into two: one in which the utility gained from breaking social norms is reduced for individuals with weak norm awareness, and one in which it is not. The analysis reveals somewhat different outcomes for these two cases. In the former case, we find that the higher the level of social norms, the more optimal the intervention is relaxed. In the latter case, it turns out that when the additional satisfaction exceeds the additional cost, the optimal intervention is also relaxed. However, we also obtain robust results that are independent of whether it is the former or the latter case. Specifically, we find that the higher the cost for individuals with weak norm awareness to comply with norms, and the more individuals with strong norm awareness there are, the stronger the optimal intervention becomes.departmental bulletin pape
