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Effects of dimensions and regularity on the mechanical properties of the smectic phase formed during orientation-induced crystallization of poly (ethylene terephthalate)
No full textA fibrillar-shaped metastable smectic phase forms during orientation-induced crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate). We investigated the effects of dimensions and regularity of the smectic phase on the mechanical properties by high-precision X-ray measurements. The drawing stress dependence was 76-168 MPa and the spinning speed dependence of 250-2000 m/min. The proportion, persistence length, and thickness of the smectic phase achieved their maximum values at 0.3-0.4 ms after necking. At this time g(II) also reached a minimum value of 3.7%-4.3%. The persistence length increased linearly with the natural draw ratio of as-spun fibers at less than 1500 m/min. The maximum values of the proportion, persistence length, and thickness showed no dependence on the drawing stress; however, the proportion and persistence length increased more rapidly. The increase of d-spacing with drawing stress led to an apparent elastic modulus of approximately 40 GPa for the oriented molecular bundle.ArticlePOLYMER.164:163-173(2019)journal articl
Aboveground net primary productivity of vegetation along a climate-related gradient in a Eurasian temperate grassland: spatiotemporal patterns and their relationships with climate factors
No full textAccurate assessments of spatiotemporal patterns in net primary productivity and their links to climate are important to obtain a deeper understanding of the function, stability and sustainability of grassland ecosystems. We combined a satellite-derived NDVI time-series dataset and field-based samples to investigate spatiotemporal patterns in aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), and we examined the effect of growing season air temperate (GST) and precipitation (GSP) on these patterns along a climaterelated gradient in an eastern Eurasian grassland. Our results indicated that the ANPP fluctuated with no significant trend during 2001-2012. The spatial distribution of ANPP was heterogeneous and decreased from northeast to southwest. The interannual changes in ANPP were mainly controlled by year-to-year GSP; a strong correlation of interannual variability between ANPP and GSP was observed. Similarly, GSP strongly influenced spatial variations in ANPP, and the slopes of fitted linear functions of the GSP-ANPP relationship increased from arid temperate desert grassland to humid meadow grassland. An exponential function could be used to fit the GSP-ANPP relationship for the entire region. An improved moisture index that combines the effects of GST and GSP better explained the variations in ANPP compared with GSP alone. In comparisons with the previous studies, we found that the relationships between spatiotemporal variations in ANPP and climate factors were probably scale dependent. We imply that the quantity and spatial range of analyzed samples contribute to these different results. Multi-scale studies are necessary to improve our knowledge of the response of grassland ANPP to climate change.ArticleENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES.76(1):56(2017)journal articl
Fabrication of CNT/Cu Composite Yarn via Single-Step Electrodeposition
No full textCarbon nanotube (CNT)/Cu composite yarns were formed via a single-step electrodeposition process. A twisted CNT yarn composed of multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs) was used. Copper was directly electrodeposited onto the CNT yarn under galvanostatic conditions using copper sulfate baths with and without additives. Four additives (polyethylene glycol (PEG), chloride anion (Cl-), bis(3-sulfopropyl)disulfide (SPS), and Janus green B (JGB)) that are well known as "via-filling additives" were used together. The surface and cross-sectional microstructures of the copper-deposited CNT yarns were analyzed. Copper was electrodeposited only onto the surface of the CNT yarn from the bath without additives, resulting in a copper-coated CNT yarn. By contrast, copper was deposited not only onto the surface but also into the interior of the CNT yarn from the bath with the additives. The amount of copper deposited into the CNT yarn tended to increase with increasing PEG and Cl-concentrations. The current density also affected the size and location of the deposited copper particles. When the electrodeposition conditions were optimized, copper was relatively homogeneously deposited into the interior of the CNT yarn, resulting in a CNT/Cu composite yarn. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published on behalf of The Electrochemical Society by IOP Publishing Limited.ArticleJOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY. 167(10):102509 (2020)journal articl
医療安全管理者の職務遂行を支える経験
No full text本研究は、医療安全管理者のどのような経験が職務遂行の支えになっているのかを明らかにする。日本医療機能評価機構認定の入院基本料7：1を取得した病院に勤務し、実務経験2年以上の医療安全管理者5名を対象に個々にインタビューを行い、その内容を質的帰納的に分析した。《挑むための原動力を獲得》《信念に基づいたしなやかな実践》《医療安全管理者としての誇りを持ち続ける》の3つのコアカテゴリーが抽出された。医療安全管理者に選ばれたことで新たな役割を担うことへの重責に不安を抱きながらも、組織や医療安全管理責任者や同僚から困難を乗り越えるための支えを受けることで、《挑むための原動力を獲得》し、さらに、直面している課題や問題に対して、状況に合わせて《信念に基づいたしなやかな実践》をしていた。その結果、組織の変革や医師の変化という成果から自身の存在意義を実感し、《医療安全管理者としての誇りを持ち続ける》こととなり、その誇りがさらに挑むための原動力に繋がっていた。In this study, we will identify what kind of experiences support work performance for medical safety managers. We conducted individual interviews with five medical safety managers working at hospitals with a 7 : 1 basic hospitalization fee certifi ed by the Japan Council for Quality Health Care and who have two or more years of work experience. These interviews were then analyzed qualitatively and inductively. Three core categories were extracted: “acquiring motivation to take on challenges,” “fl exible practice based on beliefs,” and “continuing to take pride in work as a medical safety manager.” They acquired “motivation to take on challenges” by receiving support from the organization, medical safety management supervisors, and colleagues to overcome diffi culties, despite struggling with the serious responsibilities of their new role of medical safety manager. Furthermore, when faced with problems and issues, they employed “fl exible practice based on beliefs” according to the situation. As a result, they experienced the signifi cance of their existence from achievements such as reforms in the organization and changes in the medical doctor, which served as the basis for “continuing to take pride in work as a medical safety manager,” and this pride further led to motivation to take on more challenges.departmental bulletin pape
「SAKU看護管理研究会」活動報告 : 新任看護師長を対象とした研修を実施して
No full textSAKU看護管理研究会は2018年度のテーマを、昇任1年目、2年目の新任看護師長を対象に「看護管理の基本を学ぶ」とし研究会を実施した。毎月1回6か月間実施し、最終回終了時に運営および効果について評価アンケートを行った。企画・進行については、90％以上が「よい」と評価していた。内容については、『看護管理者に必要な能力と役割』および『組織における問題解決と変革』に対して、参加者の83％が「とても役に立つ」と評価していた。研究会に参加することによる自身の変化では、『経営や人材育成の知識・スキルが増えてきた』『医療環境の変化に敏感になってきた』について「とても思う」「まあまあ思う」の合計が90％以上となった。『東信地区の仲間と情報交換するようになった』は「とても思う」「まあまあ思う」の合計が33％と一番低い結果となった。研究会の参加によって、特に自身が変化したことの自由記述では、「ビジョンを明確にもつ」「自身の行動変容」「前向きな気持ちへの変化」といった内容が挙げられた。研修に参加したことで知識が増えるだけでなく、管理者としての行動変容が見られたという評価が得られた。departmental bulletin pape
Experimental Demonstration of Catching and Releasing Functions of Artificial Cilia Using Induced Charge Electro-Osmosis
No full textManipulation of an object is essential in microfluidic applications. In this study, we experimentally demonstrate that the artificial cilia having a face-to-face structure shows catching and releasing functions in water through induced charge electro-osmosis. In particular, by the visualization of the flow fields, we show that a target object was pulled into a cilium region by the pull-in flow due to the up-wing motion of the cilia and released by the pop-up flow due to the down-wing motion. We believe that our device is useful to manipulate various particles in microfluidic channels.ArticleJOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN.89(5):054401(2020)journal articl
Ion-Conserving Modified Poisson-Boltzmann Theory Considering a Steric Effect in an Electrolyte
No full textThe modified Poisson-Nernst-Planck (MPNP) and modified Poisson-Boltzmann (MPB) equations are well known as fundamental equations that consider a steric effect, which prevents unphysical ion concentrations. However, it is unclear whether they are equivalent or not. To clarify this problem, we propose an improved free energy formulation that considers a steric limit with an ion-conserving condition and successfully derive the ion-conserving modified Poisson-Boltzmann (IC-MPB) equations that are equivalent to the MPNP equations. Furthermore, we numerically examine the equivalence by comparing between the IC-MPB solutions obtained by the Newton method and the steady MPNP solutions obtained by the finite-element finite-volume method. A surprising aspect of our finding is that the MPB solutions are much different from the MPNP (IC-MPB) solutions in a confined space. We consider that our findings will significantly contribute to understanding the surface science between solids and liquids.ArticleJOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN.85(12):124006(2016)journal articl
Suppression of a Brownian noise in a hole-type sensor due to induced-charge electro-osmosis
No full textNoise reduction is essential for a single molecular sensor. Thus, we propose a novel noise reduction mechanism using a hydrodynamic force due to induced-charge electro-osmosis (ICEO) in a hole-type sensor and numerically examine the performance. By the boundary element method that considers both a Brownian motion and an ICEO flow of a polarizable particle, we find that the Brownian noise in a current signal is suppressed significantly in a converging channel because of the ICEO flow around the particle in the presence of an electric field. Further, we propose a simple model that explains a numerically obtained threshold voltage of the suppression of the Brownian noise due to ICEO. We believe that our findings contribute greatly to developments of a single molecular sensor. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC.ArticlePHYSICS OF FLUIDS.28(3):032003(2016)journal articl
Rectified motion in an asymmetrically structured channel due to induced-charge electrokinetic and thermo-kinetic phenomena
No full textIt would be advantageous to move fluid by the gradient of random thermal noises that are omnipresent in the natural world. To achieve this motion, we propose a rectifier that uses a thermal noise along with induced-charge electroosmosis and electrophoresis (ICEO and ICEP) around a metal post cylinder in an asymmetrically structured channel and numerically examine its rectification performance. By the boundary element method combined with the thin double layer approximation, we find that rectified motion occurs in the asymmetrically structured channel due to ICEO and ICEP. Further, by thermodynamical and equivalent circuit methods, we discuss a thermal voltage that drives a rectifier consisting of a fluidic channel of an electrolyte and an impedance as a noise source. Our calculations show that fluid can be moved in the asymmetrically structured channel by the fluctuation of electric fields due to a thermal noise only when there is a temperature difference. In addition, our simple noise argument provides a different perspective for the thermo-kinetic phenomena (around a metal post) which was predicted based on the electrolyte See-beck effect in our previous paper [H. Sugioka, "Nonlinear thermokinetic phenomena due to the Seebeck effect," Langmuir 30, 8621 (2014)]. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC.ArticlePHYSICS OF FLUIDS.28(2):022004(2016)journal articl