J.F.Oberlin University Academic Repository

Mensendiek, Jeffrey

Japanese

The Practice of Dignity Education at J.F. Oberlin University: Exploring Connections to the Educational Praxis of Yasuzo Shimizu

河本, 祥一

桜美林大学研究紀要 自然科学研究　第3号（2024年3月）
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KAWAMOTO Shoichi1
Abstract
In this research note, we overview a relatively new approach to quantum 
computation, a measurement-based quantum computation, and look at the possibility of 
the application to cosmology. We discuss a quantum computer simulation of dark matter 
distribution in the case of self-interacting dark matter. The measurement-based quantum 
computation has an advantage that it naturally fits the interpretation of time evolution and 
is also easier to prepare an initial qubit state. Finally, we argue how to put the problem on 
quantum computation.
Keywords:  Quantum Computation, Cosmology, Theoretical Physics
1. Introduction
 Quantum computer is a novel machinery, based on the principle of quantum mechanics, 
to carry out complicated computational tasks that may be difficult for a conventional computer. 
Standard computers, referred to as von Neumann type computers, are based on step-by-step 
procedures for a sequence of inputs. This conventional type of computer may cost exponentially 
long time for specific kind of problems; for example, the factorization of large integers or a seek 
of the most efficient path for distributing letters. Quantum computers use quantum resources, such 
as entanglement, superposition principle and quantum correlation, to perform some problems 
exponentially more efficient than the conventional computers. 
 Cosmology is a rapidly developing field of modern science. The development has been 
even accelerated with very big data from recent observation. Necessity for the analysis of such 
1 Assistant Professor, College of Arts and Sciences, J. F. Oberlin University
Research Notes
Towards the Application of Measurement-Based 
Quantum Computation in Cosmology
桜美林大学研究紀要 自然科学研究　第3号（2024年3月）
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big data attracts the state-of-art computational machinery, deep learning, or quantum computation. 
In contrast to the recent development of AI technology in the field, the application of quantum 
computation has just begun. This is partly due to technological restriction. So far, we have not 
yet had sufficiently large quantum computer with well-controlled enough qubits to tackle realistic 
problems in cosmology [3]. However, quantum computation is also a quickly developing field, 
and we expect that there appear quantum computational resources available to generic researchers 
to carry out several computational tasks for each own interest. Thus, it is important to explore 
a theoretical framework to put problems in cosmology into the form which can be tractable in 
quantum computer. In this research note, we investigate the recent developments in quantum 
computation; in particular, we focus on the measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) and 
how to apply this method to the problems of cosmology.
2. Quantum computers: Gate-type and Measurement-based type
 First, we overview the basics of quantum computation. For a comprehensive review, see 
[1]. The basic element in quantum computation is called a qubit, represented by a two-dimensional 
complex vector. The basis vectors are usually chosen as
They are referred to as a computational basis. A general state in this space is given by a 
superposition,
with . Thus, this state can be represented as a point on a unit three-sphere or by 
using the Bloch sphere. The Bloch sphere is a quite useful tool to visualize the process in quantum 
computers, but we do not discuss it here. A standard approach to quantum computation is based on 
the so-called gate-type quantum computation. Starting with an appropriate set of initial qubits, a set 
of unitary operations act on them. The choice of unitary operations corresponds to the arrangement 
of quantum gates, and then regarded as the programming of the gate-type quantum computer. 
As a final step, a measurement is performed on the final quantum qubits, and we read out the 
result of the computation. Since this is based on the principle of quantum mechanics, the result 
can be probabilistic; if necessary, we will perform the computation for multiple times and obtain 
desirable outcomes. Usually, in the beginning part of the quantum circuit, qubits are arranged 
into an entangled state. Thus, for a given “superposed and entangled” initial states, we carry out 
a computation. This is a parallelization, and in a suitable case, quantum computer may show a 
spectacular performance compared to the classical computers. 
 Recently, another approach, called the measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC), 
桜美林大学研究紀要 自然科学研究　第3号（2024年3月）
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has been attracting attention. This starts with an entangled state, called a cluster state, and a 
sequence of measurements is carried out. Before discussing the basic idea of MBQC, we first look 
at the basics of gate-type quantum computation. In the gate-type quantum computer, a series of 
unitary transformations are performed on the initial -qubit system. The fundamental ones involve 
the Pauli gates,
and the basis vectors are the eigenvectors of  . The   gate flips two basis vectors and then is called 
a NOT gate. The eigenvectors of  are . The other fundamental gates are the 
Hadamard gate and one-qubit rotations,
The Hadamard gate transforms a basis vector into one of the eigenvector of ;  
 So far, one-qubit operations are introduced. We need some operation acting on multiple 
qubits, otherwise qubits evolve just independently. We usually use controlled gates. For example, 
the controlled X-gate (CX gate) is represented in the matrix form as
which acts on a tensor product  (from now on, we briefly denote this tensor product 
by . The first qubit is the control bit; namely if the first bit is ,  operation is performed on 
the second qubit, otherwise nothing is done for the second qubit. CX gate is sometimes called the 
CNOT gate. The CX gate operation on    state is
which is called entangled. Entanglement means that the first and second qubits are correlated 
quantum mechanically, and some operation or measurement on one bit affects the state of the other 
bit. Entanglement is a purely quantum mechanical effect and it is a resource for the advantage 
of quantum computation over the classical one. Utilizing superposition and entanglement of 
many qubits, simple a few qubits operation alters the whole state and then an efficient parallel 
computation is realized.
 Together with a phase rotation, 
the CX gate and the rotation gates are known to form a set of the universal quantum gates, with 
which any operation on a quantum computer can be constructed. Thus, if we deal with -qubits, 
the total operation is represented by a  unitary matrix on a -dimensional complex 
vector space. In the final step of computation, measurement is performed on a part of the qubits. 
桜美林大学研究紀要 自然科学研究　第3号（2024年3月）
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The gates are arranged so that the wave function likely converges to a desired computational result. 
2.1 Measurement-Based Quantum Computation
 Here, following [2], we briefly introduce the fundamental features of MBQC. The 
computation starts with the preparation of an initial state, which is an entangled many qubits 
system. Each arrangement of entanglement corresponds to an -vertex graph  (See Fig. 1). 
(1) First, prepare number of  state.
(2) Pick up two  states and make them entangled using CX operation. These entangled states are 
represented by a link in the graph.
(3) Then, carry out one-qubit measurement in order; a measurement basis can depend on the 
measurement outcomes of preceding measurements. Upon measurement, the state changes. (Usually, 
a part of entanglement is destroyed.) After -qubits are measured, we are left with a unitary 
transformed  -qubits state. 
 As we can see, a graph and an initial state correspond to each other in one-to-one manner. 
Furthermore, one can show that a graph state with -vertex can be uniquely specified by an -set of 
stabilizers that are operators taking the state as an eigenstate with the eigenvalue 1. Therefore, in this 
setup the initial state is specified by just  parameters. This is in contrast to the fact that a generic -qubit 
state,   has  parameters. This is a benefit since we do not need to 
prepare exponentially large memory to specify an initial state. A useful graph state for MBQC is the 
so-called cluster state, a graph of two-dimensional square lattice (Fig. 2). For a given cluster state, 
the arrangement of the sequence of one-qubit measurement corresponds to quantum computation. 
 MBQC has been proved to have an equivalent computational power to the gate-type 
quantum computer. The main idea behind this is quantum teleportation [4]; for an entangled 
state, measurement on one qubit leads to a unitary operation on the other. One can find a series 
of measurement that corresponds to a set of universal gates. Therefore, MBQC will not provide a 
better computational power compared to the gate-type quantum computation. However, MBQC has 
several advantages; first, the preparation of an initial entangle state is completely separated from 
the following measurement process (the main part of computation). Furthermore, if we use a cluster 
Fig. 1 The arrangement of entanglement and 
the corresponding graph 
Fig. 2  A cluster state 
桜美林大学研究紀要 自然科学研究　第3号（2024年3月）
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state for computation, the prepared initial cluster state is common for many problems. Secondly, 
each step of measurement will break the entanglement and we move on to the final state in a step-
by-step manner. Therefore, it is also called a “one-way quantum computation” [5]. These steps, 
in some cases, can be regarded as a discretized time evolution in a real physical system. Thus, in 
MBQC, the correspondence to a physical system can be arranged to be more apparent. This would 
be useful when we consider an application to cosmology in the following section, as we may 
visualize the change of dark matter distribution through the computational process of MBQC. 
3. Application to cosmology
 Modern cosmology involves inflation theory, dark matter theory, and dark energy theory: 
inflation is regarding a very early universe and exponentially rapid expansion in that time. This 
idea solves several problems of the standard big-bang scenario, such as the flatness problem, 
the horizon problem, and the monopole problem. It also explains the large-scale structure of the 
universe through a density perturbation due to quantum fluctuations in that period. Based on the 
current observations, the standard inflationary scenario, known as the -CDM model, is well-
accepted. Dark matter and dark energy are the missing energy content of our universe. Dark matter 
consists of most of the matter in the Universe and plays a crucial role in galaxy formation. There 
are several candidates of dark matter, but we have not yet found it directly nor indirectly. Thus, it 
is also important to determine how dark matter affects some features of our universe. It involves a 
very demanding numerical simulation, such as simulating large-scale structure formation. Quantum 
computer may give an efficient way of revealing new aspects of dark matter contribution since it 
will be capable of carrying out this complicated task in a novel way. For early attempts with the 
gate-type quantum computer, refer to [3, 6]. 
 In this note, we concentrate on the problem of distribution of dark matter. The current 
observation supports that the dominant fraction of dark matter is cold, namely non-relativistic. Dark 
matter interacts with itself and other usual baryonic matter to form a specific distribution and this 
distribution dictates the formation of galaxies and the other astronomical structure in the universe. 
If dark matter interaction is purely gravitational, there appears a discrepancy between observation 
and simulation, known as a cusp-core problem. Simulations usually predict that the dark matter 
distribution increase its density much more steeply near the center of a galaxy compared to 
observation. This discrepancy can be resolved if we consider self-interaction of dark matter. The 
self-interaction drives dark matter more active and will flatten the density cusp near the center. 
Here, we discuss a rather simple model, conformally coupled scalar dark matter. There are two 
sectors, one is visible (namely interacting with the standard model particles) and the other is dark. 
Let us denote them by  and . In this scalar model, isotropy and homogeneity of the universe is 
桜美林大学研究紀要 自然科学研究　第3号（2024年3月）
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easily maintained. We assume the Lagrangian to be
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = �−𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 �−
1
2
𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇�𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋 + 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇𝑌𝑌𝑌𝑌𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇𝑌𝑌𝑌𝑌𝑌  −
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
12
(𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋2 + 𝑌𝑌𝑌𝑌2)− 𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋4 − 𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑌𝑌𝑌𝑌4 − 𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋4𝑌𝑌𝑌𝑌4� , 
where  is the scalar curvature [6]. The linear term in  suggests that two scalars are conformally 
coupled. Both have self-quartic interaction, and the last term represents the interaction between two 
scalars. The interaction with the standard model will break the conformality in this sector. For 
simplicity, we consider the following background (we set  
where the  part represents the unit three sphere. The spatial part of the “universe” is an 
expanding three sphere (namely, this universe has a constant positive curvature decreasing in time). 
Since we now consider only matter, it is natural to assume a spacetime of positive curvature. (In 
a realistic case, we may consider the Robertson-Walker universe.) Together with this metric, after 
rescaling  and  by  we obtain the Hamiltonian
We see that the coupling between two scalars gets weakened as the universe expands. 
 To carry out quantum computation, we consider to utilize the measurement-based 
variational quantum eigensolver (MB-VQE [7]). In MB-VQE, the ground state is searched using 
the variational method,
min
|𝜓𝜓𝜓𝜓𝜓
�𝜓𝜓𝜓𝜓𝜓𝜓𝜓𝜓𝜓�𝜓𝜓𝜓𝜓𝜓� = 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸0 , 
where  is the ground state energy. The trial state with some parameters is prepared as an 
arrangement of measurements in MBQC. The expectation value is calculated using MBQC. 
Then, based on the result, we tune the parameters in the trial state and continue computation. 
Thus, after we specify suitable graph states corresponding to these trial states, we can carry out 
the computation. We may use measurement-based quantum optimization algorithm in the paddle 
quantum [8] provided by Baidu. Once the ground state is found, we reconstruct the distribution of 
two scalar fields from the probability distribution in the wave functions. In this note, we have not 
got any result yet. We hope to report it elsewhere in the future.
4. Summary
 In this research note, we have summarized the basic features of the MBQC with the 
scope of the application to cosmology. The key point of MBQC, utilizing VQE, is to map a desired 
problem to a search of the ground state by the variational method. We have not worked out the 
mapping our Hamiltonian to a suitable form that can be calculated by using the paddle quantum [8]. 
桜美林大学研究紀要 自然科学研究　第3号（2024年3月）
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However, so far, we have investigated required resources to carry out the project. We hope that we 
would report the result in near future. 
REFERENCES
[1] Michael A. Nielsen, Isaac L. Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information, 
Cambridge University Press; 10th Anniversary edition (2010) 
[2] Vincent Danos, Elham Kashefi, Prakash Panangaden, The Measurement Calculus, Journal of the 
ACM, Volume 54 Issue 2, pp 8–es, https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1219092.1219096 
[3] Amy Joseph, Juan-Pablo Varela, Molly P. Watts, Tristen White, Yuan Feng, Mohammad Hassan, 
Michael McGuigan, Quantum Computing for Inflationary, Dark Energy and Dark Matter 
Cosmology, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2105.13849 
[4] Charles H. Bennett, Gilles Brassard, Claude Crépeau, Richard Jozsa, Asher Peres, and William 
K. Wootters, Teleporting an unknown quantum state via dual classical and Einstein-Podolsky-
Rosen channels, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1895 (1993)
[5] Robert Raussendorf and Hans J. Briegel, A One-Way Quantum Computer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 
5188 (2001)
[6] For the application of gate-type quantum computation to problems in cosmology, see [3] and 
Philip Mocz and Aaron Szasz, Toward Cosmological Simulations of Dark Matter on Quantum 
Computers, The Astrophysical Journal, 910:29 (7pp), (2021)
[7] R. R. Ferguson, L. Dellantonio, A. Al Balushi, K. Jansen, W. Dür, and C. A. Muschik, 
Measurement-Based Variational Quantum Eigensolver, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 220501 (2021)
[8] https://qml.baidu.com/tutorials/measurement-based-quantum-computation/polynomial-
unconstrained-boolean-optimization-problem-in-mbqc.html


English

Towards the application of measurement-based quantum computation in cosmology

J. F. Oberlin University Journal of Advanced Research
Applied Human Sciences, No.4, March 2024
桜美林大学研究紀要
総合人間科学研究
第 4 号 2024年3月
ISSN　2436－2719
目　次
学術論文
高等教育におけるメタバースの活用可能性
－教育実践研究の類型化から－ 伊勢　裕介・木原　宏子・田上　真・井上　一成  … 1
CATⅠ ILS アプローチにおけるパイロットの計器
スキャン回数及び配分について 伊藤　貢司  … 15
インプロ・ワークショップの効果に関する一考察
－参加者の自己イメージの肯定的な変容－ 絹川　友梨・正保　春彦  … 29
大学への適応において必要とされるコンピテンスの
概念構成およびリストの作成 古泉　綺花・杉山　智風・小関　俊祐  … 42
放課後等デイサービスにおけるソーシャルスキルトレーニングの必要性
 小関　俊祐・杉山　智風・土屋　さとみ・岸野　莉奈・池田　美樹・久保　義郎  … 54
過去回想による指尖脈波のゆらぎの変化
－想起内容による回想法の効果の検討－ 柴山　笑凜・鈴木　平  … 61
近代日本の植民地における「同化」主義教育の矛盾性： 同質化と差別化
－植民地朝鮮と偽満州国の日本語教育を例として－ 徐　雄彬・王　詩淇  … 79
看護師を対象としたストレスマネジメントコーチングに関する研究
－ Proactive Coping のステージモデルを用いて－
 武田　清香・永峰　大輝・石川　利江・座波　ゆかり  … 94
地域包括支援センター社会福祉士のソーシャルワーク実践における 
多職種連携の文献レビュー 久松　信夫  … 109
青年期における悩みの種類による友人への
援助要請スタイルと主観的幸福感の関連 松浦　健太・山口　一  … 117
日本におけるMeeting Science の基礎的研究
－心理的安全性の役割に着目して－
 松田チャップマン　与理子・石川　利江・神庭　直子  … 139
視聴状況を考慮した動画制作を通じた実践的教育に関する研究
－QRコードを利用した大学の広報用動画の
制作実践を通して－ 村井　明日香・大墻　敦  … 154
アメリカ高等教育における大学情報の提供負担の軽減と
その質の向上に関する取組みの変化
－ 2006 及び 2023 年版 Common Data Set の比較から－ 山崎　慎一  … 170
大学生の学校適応感とメンタルヘルスのコンディションの関連について
 渡邉　由羽・坂井　誠・小関　俊祐  … 179
報告・資料
ヤングケアラーへの連携支援における心理職の役割と課題
－スクールカウンセラーへのインタビュー調査からの検討－ 奥田　訓子・岡安　朋子  … 187
精神保健福祉士養成教育におけるゲストスピーカーの講義の活用
 河合　美子・山口　一・佐々木　絢子・山口　有香・高木　善史  … 195
精神障害者における就労の意義
－パニック発作とうつ症状を呈する精神障害者の就労事例を通した検討－ 鈴木　文子  … 213
本学駅伝プロジェクトについての研究（第 7報）
－発足時から箱根駅伝予選会 10 年間の推移と
第 100 回箱根駅伝予選会のレース分析から－ 武田　一  … 225
教学マネジメント充実に向けた 履修登録上限単位数の運用について
－修学支援新制度公表資料の調査報告－ 中村　章二  … 235
教育関係者を対象とした質的統合法（KJ 法）研修開発に関する考察
 林　透・山浦　晴男  … 260
桜美林大学とコスタリカナショナル大学の野球を通した国際交流 宮﨑　光次  … 261
研究ノート
私立大学公立化の現状と課題－公設民営型からの転換を中心に－ 大槻　達也  … 269
コロナ禍における留学生受け入れ上位校の分析
－留学生の総数と比率から見た大学学部の実態－ 垣内　哲  … 285
専門職大学における課程区分の課題
－設置認可申請に係る審査意見による考察－ 笠井　直洋・山岸　直司   … 301
大学職員の「上手な」教員対応業務の遂行
－具体的なケースへの対応の逐語録データ分析から－ 木村　弘志  … 317
私立女子大学の経営戦略についての考察－存続に向けた取り組みを中心に－ 菅原　崇博  … 333
広義のエンロールメント・マネジメントと同窓生との懸け橋としての
キャリア支援施策への一考察
－米国と日本での先行事例を参考に－ 田中　茂雄  … 348
インドネシア高等教育における分野別質保証に関する考察
－グローバル化への対応に焦点を当てて－ 和氣　太司  … 360
Contents
Articles
The Potential Use of the Metaverse in Higher Education: 
From the Typology of Research on Educational Practices
 ISE Yusuke, KIHARA Hiroko, TAGAMI Shin, INOUE Issei  … 1
In the CAT I ILS Approach Number of Pilot Instrument 
Scans and Distribution ITO Koji  … 15
Practice and Effectiveness of Improvisation Workshop in Japan:
Positive Transformation of Participants’ Self-Image
  KINUGAWA Yuri, SHOBO Haruhiko  … 29
Creation of a Conceptual Structure and List of Competencies 
Needed in the Adaptation to the University
 KOIZUMI Ayaka, SUGIYAMA Chikaze, KOSEKI Shunsuke  … 42
Necessity of Social Skills Training in After-School Day Services
                                   KOSEKI Shunsuke, SUGIYAMA Chikaze, TSUCHIYA Satomi, 
 KISHINO Rina, IKEDA Miki, KUBO Yoshio  … 54
Fluctuations in Fingertip Pulse Wave Due to Recollection of the Past: 
The Effects of Recollection by Recall Content SHIBAYAMA Eri, SUZUKI Taira  … 61
The Contradiction of “Assimilationist Education” 
in Modern Japanese Colonies: Homogenization and Differentiation: 
Taking Japanese Language Education in Colonial Korea and 
the Manchukuo as Examples XU Xiongbin, WANG Shiqi  … 79
A Study of Stress Management Coaching for Nurses: 
Using a Five-Stage Model of Proactive Coping 
 TAKEDA Sayaka, NAGAMINE Daiki, ISHIKAWA Rie, ZANAMI Yukari … 94
Community Comprehensive Support Center Certified 
Social Worker’s Social Work Practice Literature Review 
of Multidisciplinary Collaboration HISAMATSU Nobuo  … 109
The Relationship Between Help-Seeking Style 
for Friends for Each Type of Worries in
Adolescence and Subjective Well-Being MATSUURA Kenta, YAMAGUCHI Hajime … 117
Basic Research on Meeting Science in Japan: 
Investigating the Role of Psychological Safety 
 MATSUDA-CHAPMAN Yoriko, ISHIKAWA Rie, KAMBA Naoko … 139
Practical Education on Video Production 
with Consideration of Viewing Conditions: Production of Videos 
for University Public Relations Viewable Via QR Codes
 MURAI Asuka, OGAKI Atsushi … 154
The Initiative to Reduce the Burden of Providing University Information 
and Improve Its Quality in American Higher Education: 
Comparing the Common Data Set Initiative Between 2006 and 2023 
 YAMAZAKI Shinichi … 170
Relationship Between College Students’Sense of School Adjustment
and Mental Health Condition
 WATANABE Yu, SAKAI Makoto, KOSEKI Shunsuke  … 179
Reports
The Roles and Problems of Psychologists 
in Collaborative Support for Young Carers:
Consideration from an Interview Survey with School Counselors
 OKUTA Noriko, OKAYASU Tomoko  … 187
Utilization of Guest-Speakers’ Lectures 
in the Education of Mental Health Social Workers
                                           KAWAI Yoshiko, YAMAGUCHI Hajime, SASAKI Ayako,    
 YAMAGUCHI Yuka, TAKAGI Yoshifumi  … 195
Working Purpose for Mental Disabilities: 
Cases of Exhibiting Panic Attacks and Depressions SUZUKI Ayako  … 213
A Study of Our University’s Ekiden Project (Report No.7): 
From the 10-Year History of Hakone Ekiden Preliminaries Since 
Its Inception and the Race Analysis of 
the 100th Hakone Ekiden Qualifying Event TAKEDA Hajime  … 225
Implementing a Maximum Number of Credits per Semester to 
Improve the Management of Teaching and Learning: A Report 
on a Study of Publicly Available Materials on the New System 
of Support for Higher Education NAKAMURA Shoji  … 235
A Study for Development of Training the Integrated Qualitative Method: 
KJ Method Targeting Educational Profession HAYASHI Toru, YAMAURA Haruo  … 247
J.F. Oberlin University and National University 
of Costa Rica International Exchange Through Baseball MIYAZAKI Mitsuji  … 261
Research Notes
Current Status and Challenges of Publicizing Private Universities: 
Focusing on the Shift from the Public-Private University OTSUKI Tatsuya  … 269
 
Analysis of Top Schools Accepting International Students During 
the Coronavirus Pandemic: The Actual Situation of University as Seen from 
the Total Number and Ratio of International Students KAKIUCHI Tetsu  … 285
Issues in the Course Division in the Professional University:
Considerations Based on the Review Opinion Concerning 
the Application for Approval of Establishment
 KASAI Naohiro, YAMAGISHI Naoji  … 301
Effective Faculty Support Works by University Administrative Staff: 
An Analysis Based on Verbatim Transcripts of the Specific Case  KIMURA Hiroshi  … 317
A Consideration on Strategic Management of Women’s Private University: 
Focusing on Case Study to Survive SUGAWARA Takahiro  … 333
A Study on Enrollment Management, and Career Development 
Measures as a Means of Alumni Activities in Higher Education: 
Preceding Examples from American and Japanese Universities TANAKA Shigeo  … 348
A Study of Accreditation System for Study Programs of Higher 
Education in Indonesia: Consideration About Response to Globalization WAKE Taiji  … 360


Cover and Front matter

松浦, 健太

山口, 一

The Relationship between Help-Seeking Style for Friends for Each Type of Worries in Adolescence and Subjective Well-Being

村井, 明日香

大墻, 敦

Practical Education on Video Production with Consideration of Viewing Conditions:Production of Videos for University Public Relations Viewable Via QR Codes

田中, 茂雄

A Study on Enrollment Management, and Career Development Measures as a Means of Alumni Activities in Higher Education: Preceding Examples from American and Japanese Universities

和氣, 太司

A Study of Accreditation System for study programs of higher education in Indonesia: Consideration about response to globalization

山内,龍

Encounter with the "Tokyo Children's  Schoolbook" owned by
Oberlin Academy
 The history of a former military school book's transition within the school, as traced
from its collection stamps

中生, 勝美

Traditional Culture and Social Change of　Tao People in Taiwan

岡村, 宏懇

Significance and Effectiveness of Lighting Direction in Bamboo Puppet Bunraku "Hanaregoze Orin" (2001)： From the similarity with the staging style of Noh

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