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High quality of SARS-CoV-2 molecular diagnostics in a diverse laboratory landscape through supported benchmark testing and External Quality Assessment.
No full textEen overzicht van de beschikbare informatie over de schadelijke effecten van ethyleenglycol op de voortplanting
No full textThe substance ethylene glycol is a precursor (source) which is used to make polyester fibres, polymers and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resins. Ethylene glycol is also used for its antifreeze and cooling properties, for example as a substance in de-icing agents for aircraft windscreens. It is additionally used as a solvent in paint and as a plasticiser in plastics. This literature overview was commissioned by the Health Council of the Netherlands. The Health Council will use RIVM’s overview to assess whether ethylene glycol is toxic to reproduction and harmful to the health of unborn children. The Minister of Social Affairs and Employment has asked the Health Council for this advice. RIVM has summarised the relevant scientific literature selected by the Health Council. RIVM has summarised a total of 29 studies in laboratory animals and cells.De stof ethyleenglycol wordt gebruikt om polyestervezels, polymeren en harsen van polyethyleentereftlaat (PET) te maken. Het wordt ook gebruikt omdat het antivries- en koeleigenschappen heeft, bijvoorbeeld als antivriesvloeistof voor de voorruiten van vliegtuigen. Verder wordt het bijvoorbeeld gebruikt als oplosmiddel in verf en als weekmaker in plastics. Dit literatuuroverzicht is gemaakt in opdracht van de Gezondheidsraad. De Gezondheidsraad gebruikt het overzicht van het RIVM als startpunt om te beoordelen of ethyleenglycol gevaarlijk is voor de vruchtbaarheid en het ongeboren kind. De minister van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid (SZW) heeft de Gezondheidsraad om dit advies gevraagd. Het RIVM heeft een samenvatting gemaakt van de relevante wetenschappelijke literatuur die is geselecteerd door de Gezondheidsraad. Het RIVM heeft de bevindingen van in totaal 29 studies in proefdieren en in cellen samengevat
Development and validation of the MosquitoWise survey to assess perceptions towards mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viruses in Europe.
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A survey-based assessment of rates and covariates of mpox diagnosis and vaccination provides evidence to refine eligibility criteria for mpox vaccination among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in the Netherlands.
No full textSix dilemmas for stakeholders inherently affecting data sharing during a zoonotic (re-)emerging infectious disease outbreak response.
No full textLong-term beneficial effect of faecal microbiota transplantation on colonisation of multidrug-resistant bacteria and resistome abundance in patients with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection.
No full textCOVID-19 vaccination coverage in the Netherlands, 2022
No full textHet RIVM beschrijft hoe de vaccinatiecampagnes tegen het coronavirus in 2022 zijn verlopen in Nederland. Dit is inclusief de eilanden Aruba, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, Saba, Curaçao en Sint Maarten. Vaccinatie tegen COVID-19 begon op 6 januari 2021 met de zogeheten basisserie met meestal twee vaccinaties. Het belangrijkste doel van de vaccinatie was om de kans te verkleinen dat mensen ernstig ziek zouden worden van het virus of erdoor zouden overlijden. In 2022 volgden verschillende campagnes om mensen hier nog beter tegen te beschermen. Zo liep begin 2022 de boostercampagne, die eind 2021 was begonnen, nog door. Vanaf eind februari 2022 startte de campagne voor de herhaalprik voor specifieke risicogroepen, zoals mensen van 60 jaar en ouder. Op 19 september 2022 begon de volgende herhaalprikronde. Hiervoor zijn eerst mensen van 60 jaar en ouder, mensen met een medisch risico en zorgmedewerkers uitgenodigd. Daarna kon iedereen vanaf 12 jaar een herhaalprik halen. Er zijn in 2022 zeven verschillende COVID-19-vaccins gebruikt, gemaakt door vier producenten: BioNTech/Pfizer, Moderna, Janssen en Novavax. Aan het eind van 2022 had 80,4 procent van iedereen vanaf 12 jaar de basisserie gekregen (vaccinatiegraad). Voor de booster voor iedereen vanaf 18 jaar was dat 62,1 procent. De vaccinatiegraad van de herhaalprik in het voorjaar voor risicogroepen was bij 60-plussers 52,1 procent. In het najaar was dat 59 procent voor deze leeftijdsgroep. De vaccinaties zijn gegeven door de GGD'en, huisartsen en overige uitvoerders, zoals zorginstellingen. Net als in 2021 hebben meer oudere mensen zich laten vaccineren dan jongeren. Verder hebben in het oosten en zuidoosten van Nederland meer mensen zich laten vaccineren dan in het westen en noorden. In enkele gemeenten, zoals in de Biblebelt en grote steden, is de vaccinatiegraad lager dan gemiddeld.The national institute for public health and the environment of the Netherlands (RIVM) describes the vaccination campaigns against the coronavirus in 2022 in the Netherlands. This includes campaigns on the islands Aruba, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, Saba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten. Vaccination against COVID-19 started with the primary series on January 6, 2021. The primary series mostly contains 2 vaccinations. The goal of the vaccination campaigns is to protect against severe illness and death due to COVID-19. In 2022 there were several vaccination campaigns to protect people against the coronavirus. At the beginning of 2022, the booster campaign which started at the end of 2021 continued. From the beginning of February 2022 onwards a repeat vaccination campaign for specific medical risk groups, such as people aged 60 years and older started. On September 19, 2022 another repeat vaccination round started. For this round first people aged 60 years and older, medical risk groups and health care workers were invited. Later on, everyone aged 12 years and older was eligible for a repeat vaccination. In total seven different COVID-19 vaccines were used in 2022, produced by four manufactures: BioNTech/Pfizer, Moderna, Janssen and Novavax. At the end of 2022, 80.4 percent of those aged 12 and over completed their primary series. 62.1 percent of those aged 18 years received a booster vaccination. The coverage of the repeat vaccination during spring was 52.1 percent for people aged 60 years and over. During the autumn round 59 percent of this age group received their repeat vaccination. Vaccinations were administered by municipal health services (GGDs), general practitioners and by other vaccination administrators, including nursing homes. As in 2021, vaccination uptake was generally higher in older age groups than in younger age groups. In addition, the eastern and south-eastern regions of the Netherlands had higher vaccination coverages than the western and northern regions. Some municipalities, such as those in the bible belt and the larger cities, had a vaccination coverage below the national average
In vitro assay to determine inactivation of Toxoplasma gondii in meat samples.
No full textConsumption of raw and undercooked meat is considered as an important source of Toxoplasma gondii infections. However, most non-heated meat products contain salt and additives, which affect T. gondii viability. It was our aim to develop an in vitro method to substitute the mouse bioassay for determining the effect of salting on T. gondii viability. Two sheep were experimentally infected by oral inoculation with 6.5 × 104 oocysts. Grinded meat samples of 50 g were prepared from heart, diaphragm, and four meat cuts. Also, pooled meat samples were either kept untreated (positive control), frozen (negative control) or supplemented with 0.6 %, 0.9 %, 1.2 % or 2.7 % NaCl. All samples were digested in pepsin-HCl solution, and digests were inoculated in duplicate onto monolayers of RK13 (a rabbit kidney cell line). Cells were maintained for up to four weeks and parasite growth was monitored by assessing Cq-values using the T. gondii qPCR on cell culture supernatant in intervals of one week and ΔCq-values determined. Additionally, 500 μL of each digest from the individual meat cuts, heart and diaphragm were inoculated in duplicate in IFNγ KO mice. Both sheep developed an antibody response and tissue samples contained similar concentrations of T. gondii DNA. From all untreated meat samples positive ΔCq-values were obtained in the in vitro assay, indicating presence and multiplication of viable parasites. This was in line with the mouse bioassay, with the exception of a negative mouse bioassay on one heart sample. Samples supplemented with 0.6 %-1.2 % NaCl showed positive ΔCq-values over time. The frozen sample and the sample supplemented with 2.7 % NaCl remained qPCR positive but with high Cq-values, which indicated no growth. In conclusion, the in vitro method has successfully been used to detect viable T. gondii in tissues of experimentally infected sheep, and a clear difference in T. gondii viability was observed between the samples supplemented with 2.7 % NaCl and those with 1.2 % NaCl or less
