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Circulation, viral diversity and genomic rearrangement in mpox virus in the Netherlands during the 2022 outbreak and beyond.
No full textDo financial constraint and perceived stress modify the effects of food tax schemes on food purchases: moderation analyses in a virtual supermarket experiment.
No full textModeration analyses were conducted with data from a trial where participants were randomly exposed to: a control condition with regular food prices, an SSB tax condition with a two-tiered levy on the sugar content in SSBs (5-8 g/100ml: €0.21/l and ≥8g/100 ml: €0.28/l) or a nutrient profiling tax condition where products with Nutri-Score D or E were taxed at a 20 percent level. Outcome measures were: overall healthiness of food purchases (%), energy content (kcal) and SSB purchases (litres). Effect modification was analyzed by adding interaction terms between conditions and self-reported financial constraint or perceived stress in regression models. Outcomes for each combination of condition and level of effect modifier were visualized
Context matters: Neural processing of food-flavored e-cigarettes and the influence of smoking.
No full textMilieurisico's van scrubberlozingen in Nederlandse wateren. Een vervolgstudie
No full textScrubbers remove sulphur from ship exhaust gases and collect it in wastewater. This prevents more sulphur being emitted into the air than is permitted. Most ships use an open-loop system that discharges wastewater at sea or in a harbour. The disadvantage of this is that other pollutants from exhaust gases also end up in the water. RIVM has calculated whether the discharge of this wastewater is harmful to the environment of the Port of Amsterdam. For this study, it examined polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and metals. The calculated concentrations remain well below environmental standards. These results are in line with research that RIVM previously carried out in three other areas. These were the port of Rotterdam, a heavily sailed area of the North Sea, and an area in the Caribbean with vulnerable nature, such as the Saba Bank. The contribution of the wastewater was then compared with the pollution already present in the water. PAH and metals also end up in the water from other sources, such as industry. The wastewater appears to contribute relatively little to the total level of pollution. However, these types of discharges are undesirable because poorly degradable substances end up in the environment. The effect of all pollutants combined may have environmental consequences. The study was commissioned by the Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management (I&W). The reason for the study is the increased use of scrubbers on seagoing vessels. This results in more wastewater being discharged into the sea. Internationally, there has been much discussion about the use of scrubbers and the requirements they must meet.Scrubbers halen zwavel uit de uitlaatgassen van schepen en verzamelen deze in afvalwater. Dit gebeurt om te voorkomen dat er meer zwavel in de lucht komt dan is toegestaan. De meeste schepen gebruiken een open systeem waarmee ze het afvalwater op zee of in een haven lozen. Hierbij komen ook andere vervuilende stoffen uit de uitlaatgassen in het water terecht. Het RIVM heeft berekend of de lozing van dit afvalwater in de haven van Amsterdam schadelijk is voor het milieu. Hierbij is gekeken naar polycyclische aromatische koolwaterstoffen (PAK(Polycyclische Aromatische Koolwaterstoffen)’s) en metalen. De berekende concentraties blijven ruim onder de milieunormen. Deze resultaten zijn in lijn met het onderzoek dat het RIVM eerder deed over drie andere gebieden. Dat waren de haven van Rotterdam, een drukbevaren deel van de Noordzee, en een gebied in de Caraïben met kwetsbare natuur, zoals de Sababank. Daarna is de bijdrage van het afvalwater van schepen vergeleken met de vervuiling die al in het water zit. Want ook door andere bronnen dan zeevaart, zoals de industrie, komen PAK’s en metalen in het water terecht. Het afvalwater blijkt relatief weinig bij te dragen aan de totale vervuiling. Toch zijn dit soort lozingen niet wenselijk, omdat daardoor slecht afbreekbare stoffen in het milieu terechtkomen. Alle verontreinigende stoffen samen kunnen gevolgen hebben voor het milieu. Het onderzoek is uitgevoerd in opdracht van het ministerie van Infrastructuur en Waterstaat (IenW(Infrastructuur en Waterstaat)). De aanleiding is dat steeds meer zeeschepen scrubbers gebruiken. Hierdoor komt er meer geloosd afvalwater in de zee. Internationaal is er veel discussie over het gebruik van scrubbers en de eisen waar ze aan moeten voldoen
Chronic toxicity of core-shell SiC/TiO2 (nano)-particles to Daphnia magna under environmentally relevant food rations in the presence of humic acid
No full textTo date, research on the toxicity and potential environmental impacts of nanomaterials has predominantly focused on relatively simple and single-component materials, whilst more complex nanomaterials are currently entering commercial stages. The current study aimed to assess the long-term and size-dependent (60 and 500 nm) toxicity of a novel core-shell nanostructure consisting of a SiC core and TiO2 shell (SiC/TiO2, 5, 25, and 50 mg L-1) to the common model organism Daphnia magna. These novel core-shell nanostructures can be categorized as advanced materials. Experiments were conducted under environmentally realistic feeding rations and in the presence of a range of concentrations of humic acid (0.5, 2, 5, and 10 mg L-1 TOC). The findings show that although effect concentrations of SiC/TiO2 were several orders of magnitude lower than the current reported environmental concentrations of more abundantly used nanomaterials, humic acid can exacerbate the toxicity of SiC/TiO2 by reducing aggregation and sedimentation rates. The EC50 values (mean ± standard error) based on nominal SiC/TiO2 concentrations for the 60 nm particles were 28.0 ± 11.5 mg L-1 (TOC 0.5 mg L-1), 21.1 ± 3.7 mg L-1 (TOC 2 mg L-1), 18.3 ± 5.4 mg L-1 (TOC 5 mg L-1), and 17.8 ± 2.4 mg L-1 (TOC 10 mg L-1). For the 500 nm particles, the EC50 values were 34.9 ± 16.5 mg L-1 (TOC 0.5 mg L-1), 24.8 ± 5.6 mg L-1 (TOC 2 mg L-1), 28.0 ± 10.0 mg L-1 (TOC 5 mg L-1), and 23.2 ± 4.1 mg L-1 (TOC 10 mg L-1). We argue that fate-driven phenomena are often neglected in effect assessments, whilst environmental factors such as the presence of humic acid may significantly influence the toxicity of nanomaterials
Interim 2023/24 influenza A vaccine effectiveness: VEBIS European primary care and hospital multicentre studies, September 2023 to January 2024.
No full textEffectiveness of educational interventions for healthcare workers on vaccination dialogue with older adults: a systematic review
No full textCUSCO: An Unobtrusive Custom Secure Audio-Visual Recording System for Ambient Assisted Living.
No full textEffects of dissolved organic matter and halogen ions on phototransformation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in aquatic environments.
No full textPhotochemical reactions contribute to the attenuation and transformation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface natural waters. Nevertheless, effects of DOM and halogen ions on phototransformation of PPCPs remain elusive. This work selected disparate PPCPs as target pollutants to investigate their aquatic phototransformation processes. Results show that PPCPs containing multiple electron-donating groups (-OH, -NH2, -OR, etc.) are more reactive with photochemically produced reactive intermediates (PPRIs) such as triplet DOM (3DOM*), singlet oxygen (1O2), and reactive halogen species (RHSs), relative to PPCPs containing electron-withdrawing groups (-NOR, -COOR, -OCR, etc.). The generation of RHSs as a result of the coexistance of DOM and halide ions changed the contribution of PPRIs to the photochemical conversion of PPCPs during their migration from fresh water to seawater. For PPCPs (AMP, SMZ, PN, NOR, CIP, etc) with highly reactive groups toward RHSs, the generation of RHSs facilitated their photolysis in halide ion-rich waters, where Cl- plays a critical role in the photochemical transformation of PPCPs. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that single electron transfer and H-abstraction are main reaction pathways of RHSs with the PPCPs. These results demonstate the irreplaceable roles of PPRIs and revealing the underlying reaction mechanisms during the phototransformation of PPCPs, which contributes to a better understanding of the environmental behaviors of PPCPs in complex aquatic environments
Methodiek om emissies naar lucht te berekenen van de transportsector
No full textNederland rapporteert elk jaar nationaal en internationaal hoeveel stoffen de sector transport uitstoot naar de lucht. Het gaat om alle stoffen die in de Emissieregistratie voorkomen en voor deze sectoren moeten worden gerapporteerd. Denk aan broeikasgassen en stoffen die grootschalige luchtverontreiniging veroorzaken. Het RIVM actualiseert en beschrijft elk jaar de methoden waarmee de uitstoot wordt berekend. De methoden worden elk jaar bijgesteld volgens de meest actuele wetenschappelijke inzichten. De emissieberekeningen worden uitgevoerd op basis van internationale richtlijnen. De emissiegegevens zijn te vinden op www.emissieregistratie.nl. De gegevens worden gebruikt voor de rapportages die vanwege internationale verdragen verplicht zijn. Zoals het verdrag van Parijs, de EU-Emissieplafonds (NEC-Directive) en de Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP). De rapportage is ook de basis voor de (internationale) reviewers die de Nederlandse rapportages aan de Europese Unie en Verenigde Naties goedkeuren.Every year, the Netherlands provides national and international reports on the emissions released into the air by the transport sector. This includes all substances listed in the Netherlands' Emission Registration (Emissieregistratie) that require reporting for these sectors, such as greenhouse gases and substances contributing to significant air pollution. RIVM updates and outlines the methods used to calculate emissions annually. These methods are refined each year based on the latest scientific insights and are conducted in compliance with international guidelines. Emission data can be found at www.emissieregistratie.nl. These data are utilised for obligatory reporting under international agreements like the Paris Agreement, the EU Emission Ceilings Directive (NEC Directive) and the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP). Furthermore, these reports serve as the foundation for international reviewers tasked with approving Dutch reports for the European Union and the United Nations