922017 research outputs found
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A Bibliometric Mapping Study of the Literature on Oral Health-related Quality of Life
No full textBackgroundOral health is an indispensable component of overall health, and oral health status significantly influences people’s physical, mental, and social well-being. Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), an important and widely used dental patient-reported outcome (dPRO), is attracting more and more researchers’ attention and interest. This study aimed to analyze and map the existing scientific literature regarding OHRQoL through a bibliometric approach, including a summary of the characteristics of OHRQoL-related publications, the identification of prolific entities, high-frequency keywords analysis and research trend analysis via periodic high-impact keywords.MethodsA literature search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection to collect OHRQoL-related original research and review articles. After examination and deduplication, the following bibliometric information was extracted from each article: title, abstract, keywords, authors, affiliations, geographic origin (countries/regions), year of publication, journal name, and references. Various scientometric mapping tools including Microsoft Office spreadsheet, VOSviewer, Biblioshiny R-package software, and Scimago Graphica were used to analyze basic bibliometric parameters, leading producers, highimpact keywords, and research trends.ResultsA total of 3324 OHRQoL-related articles (3119 original research articles and 205 review papers) were collected, which received 65704 citations. A total of 9950 authors from 2429 organizations contributed to this body of research. Prolific authors from Europe, USA, Brazil, New Zealand, China, and Canada were identified, and they also centered collaboration clusters in the co-author network. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology was the most prolific journal. Twenty-one keywords with more than 200 occurrences, and 23 keywords with more than 150 occurrences, were identified for publications of 1994-2021 and 2012-2021, respectively. Keyword analysis revealed hot topics such as instrument development and validation, studies targeting children and adolescents, as well as clinical studies in operative dentistry, implantology, orthodontics, and community dentistry. Oral Health Impact Profile is the most commonly used instrument in OHRQoL-related research.ConclusionsOHRQoL is an impactful topic in dental health care as it is not only useful in dental research and patient-centered clinical outcome measures but also provides valuable guidance in dental public health administration and policy making. OHRQoL-related research presents a dynamic landscape and is expected to continue presenting high productivity and broad application in the future
Investigation of the Electronic Structure and Luminescence Spectra of Uranium-(IV), -(V) and -(VI) Complexes Using Multi-configurational Methods
No full textInterpreting electronic spectra of uranium-containing compounds is an important component of fundamental chemistry as well as in the assessment of waste streams in the nuclear fuel cycle. Here we employ multiconfigurational calculations with CASSCF or DMRGSCF methods on exemplar uranium molecules [UVIO2Cl4]2-, [UV(TRENTIPS)(N)]- and [UIVCl5(THF)]-, featuring an array of geometries and oxidation states, to determine their effectiveness in predicting electronic spectra, compared to literature calculations and experimental data. For [UVIO2Cl4]2-, DMRGSCF alone shows poor agreement with experiment, which can be improved by adding corrections for dynamic correlation with MC-PDFT to give results of similar quality to TD-DFT. However, for [UV(TRENTIPS)(N)]- the addition of dynamical correlation via MC-PDFT or CASPT2 made no improvements over CASSCF, suggesting that perhaps other factors such as solvation effects could be more important in this case. Finally, for [UIVCl5(THF)]-, dynamical correlation included via MS-CASPT2 on top of CASSCF calculations is crucial to obtain a quantitatively correct spectrum; here, MC-PDFT fails to even qualitatively describe the spectrum, highlighting the shortcomings of single-state methods in cases of near-degeneracy
Psychologically informed health care
No full textThe term ‘psychologically informed health care’ refers to the comprehensive integration of psychological principles into health care. Psychologically informed health care has the potential to lead to a transformation of care, resulting in truly transdisciplinary care. To facilitate its future development, we discuss key characteristics of this approach. These include the direct mode (psychologists assessing and treating patients themselves) and indirect mode (psychologists working through other health care providers) of integrating psychological principles into healthcare; the range of health domains targeted using this approach; transdisciplinary care, transcending traditional disciplinary boundaries; and the positioning of care. We describe a framework for transdisciplinary care, which we refer to as the Framework for Catalytic Collaboration. This framework comprises six dimensions: setting, disciplines, patients/clients, mode of psychological care, primary components of care, and primary targets of care. We also provide four brief illustrations of psychologically informed health care. Finally, we discuss future directions, including the need for professional recognition of the indirect mode, financing of the indirect mode, cross-disciplinary training and trans-disciplinary research
Association of vocational interventions and work-related factors with disease and work outcomes in people with RMDs: A Systematic Review
No full textObjective: A EULAR taskforce was convened to develop recommendations for lifestyle behaviours among people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). This paper reviews the literature on work-related factors and disease-specific outcomes for people with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus, axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), psoriatic arthritis, systemic sclerosis (SSc) and gout.Methods: Two separate systematic literature reviews (SLRs) were conducted. The first identified SLRs, published between 01/2013 and 09/2018. The second identified original observational and intervention studies published before 05/2019. Manuscripts were included if they assessed the effects of vocational interventions on disease-specific outcomes (i.e. clinical outcomes, patient-reported outcomes, and work outcomes) or if they assessed the association between work-related factors and these outcomes. Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library of systematic reviews and CENTRAL databases were searched. Results: Two SLRs were identified including individuals with SSc and inflammatory arthritis. Subsequently, 23 original manuscripts were identified, with most of them (43.5%) including people with RA and no manuscripts on gout. Most observational studies evaluated the association between work-related factors and work outcomes while limited information was available on the impact of work on clinical outcomes. A few studies suggested that physically demanding jobs have a small detrimental effect on radiographic progression in axSpA and PsA. Intervention studies showed beneficial effects of vocational interventions for disease-specific outcomes, but with small effect sizes.Conclusion: Many studies indicated that work participation is not likely to be detrimental and, in some cases, may be beneficial for RMD-specific outcomes and should therefore receive attention within healthcare consultations.<br/
ON IRREGULAR SASAKI-EINSTEIN METRICS IN DIMENSION 5
No full textWe show that there are no irregular Sasaki-Einstein structureson rational homology 5-spheres. On the other hand, using K-stability weprove the existence of continuous families of non-toric irregular Sasaki-Einsteinstructures on odd connected sums of S2 × S3
Soil microbial diversity-biomass relationships are driven by soil carbon content across global biomes
No full textThe relationship between biodiversity and biomass has been a long standing debate in ecology. Soil biodiversity and biomass are essential drivers of ecosystem functions. However, unlike plant communities, little is known about how the diversity and biomass of soil microbial communities are interlinked across globally distributed biomes, and how variations in this relationship influence ecosystem function. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted a field survey across global biomes, with contrasting vegetation and climate types. We show that soil carbon (C) content is associated to the microbial diversity-biomass relationship and ratio in soils across global biomes. This ratio provides an integrative index to identify those locations on Earth wherein diversity is much higher compared with biomass and vice versa. The soil microbial diversity-to biomass ratio peaks in arid environments with low C content, and is very low in C-rich cold environments. Our study further advances that reductions in soil C content associated with land use intensification and climate change could cause dramatic shifts in the microbial diversity-biomass ratio, with potential consequences for broad soil processes
Quantifying the Effects of MV-LV Distribution Network Constraints and DER Reactive Power Capabilities on Aggregators
No full textDistributed energy resources (DER), such as photovoltaic systems and batteries, are becoming common among households. Although the main objective is reducing electricity imports (bills), they could also provide system-level services via an aggregator. However, the more DER provide services, the more important is ensuring that the corresponding operation does not result in network issues. To help DER aggregators understand the implications of network constraints, this work proposes an AC optimal power flow-based methodology to quantify the effects that three-phase low voltage (LV) and medium voltage (MV) network constraints can have on the volume of services that can be provided for a given horizon, and the potential benefits from using DER reactive power capabilities. Using a convex multi-period formulation that avoids binary variables for batteries and incorporates voltage-dependent load models, the methodology maximizes DER exports (services) for service-related periods and household self-consumption for other periods (reducing bills). Different service periods are assessed to explore the extent of services throughout the day. Results using a realistic UK MV-LV network with 2,400+ households, show that aggregator services can be highly overestimated when neglecting MV-LV constraints, these depend on voltage-demand load characteristics, and that exploiting DER reactive power capabilities can significantly unlock further services
Efficient Multi-Objective Gans for Image Restoration
No full textGenerative adversarial networks (GANs) have been widely adopted in many image processing tasks including restoration. In order to further improve quality of generated images, the training objective function needs to incorporate more constraints in addition to the adversarial loss. It can be straightforward to combine various losses in a linear fashion. However, hyperparameter fine-tuning and non-convex loss optimization are challenging problems when combining cost functions in such a manner. Here, we propose an efficient formulation of multiple loss components for training GANs. The proposed method, termed HypervolGAN, not only provides an efficient alternative for simultaneous cost optimization, but also boosts model performance in terms of improving generated image quality without excess computation. We further introduce two image-quality-measure based loss components to the GANs specifically for image restoration. Extensive evaluations and results on various benchmark datasets validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods
Towards a Postcolonial Critical Realism
No full textThis article proposes postcolonial critical realism (PCR) as an ontological framework that explains the structuring relationship between racialised, colonial discourses and the social world. Beginning with the case study of the global climate crisis, it considers how scholars and activists have made sense of the present crisis, and how their discourses reflect and reproduce the climate crisis at large. To theorise the relationship between racialised, power-laden discourses and material reality, it derives five tenets of PCR: first, colonial discourses underlie, and interact with, material structures; second, coloniality is global and made visible through differential events and experiences; third, subaltern lived experiences reveal the nature of reality at large; fourth, coloniality is power-laden, sticky, and often invisible; and finally, decolonisation must target all three domains of the social world and their interactions. The article concludes by considering how this framework might enrich anticolonial thought in the social sciences, as well as social movements
Parents experiences of care offered after stillbirth: International online survey of high- and middle-income countries
No full textBackground Stillbirth, the death of a baby before birth, is associated with significant psychological and social consequences that can be mitigated by respectful and supportive bereavement care. The absence of high-level evidence to support the broad scope of perinatal bereavement practices means that offering a range of options identified as valued by parents has become an important indicator of care quality. This study aimed to describe bereavement care practices offered to parents across different high- and middle-income countries. MethodsAn online survey of parents of stillborn babies was conducted between December 2014 and February 2015. Frequencies of nine practices were compared between high- and middle-income countries. Differences in proportions of reported practices and their associated odds ratios were calculated to compare high- and middle-income countries.Results Over three-thousand parents (3041) with a self-reported stillbirth in the preceding five years from 40 countries responded. At least 40 responses came from 15 countries.Significant differences in prevalence of offering nine bereavement care practices were reported by women in high-income countries (HICs) compared with women in middle-income countries MICs). All nine practices were reported to occur significantly more frequently by women in HICs, including opportunity to see and hold their baby (OR=4.8, 95%CI 4.0-5.9). Widespread occurrence of all nine practices was reported only for The Netherlands. ConclusionsBereavement care after stillbirth varies between countries. Future research should look at why these differences occur, their impact on parents, and whether differences should be addressed, particularly how to support effective communication, decision-making and follow-up care.<br/