Smart Cities and Regional Development (SCRD) Open Access Publishing
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Private information in public spaces: Facial recognition in the times of smart urban governance
Get PDFCities are the stage of a curious phenomenon in which people feel at the same time at home and like complete strangers. A city provides simultaneously the familiarity of its residents concerning places and people and the possibility of living in relative anonymity. However, the last few decades have been accompanied by an increase in the use of information and communication technologies in the infrastructure and functioning of urban centers around the world. There has been a move towards the development of the commercial ecosystem of so-called smart cities, with the public administration increasingly partnering with private corporations to offer solutions in public services that involve the processing of personal data from citizens. Objectives: This paper aims to discuss the new dilemmas that arrive with the growth of surveillance technologies applied to urban centers and the increasing participation of the private sector in the processing of data whose origin lies within public services. Prior work: In order to accomplish so, this article analyzes this phenomenon from a capitalism surveillance framework perspective, in light of international data protection standards and with a primary focus on the analysis of the processing of citizens\u27 data in the provision of public services Approach: The main approaches used are literature review and case studies. The first section will be dedicated to the discussion about the concept of “smart citiesâ€; the second section will bring up the study of three cases about the implementation of facial recognition in the public transport system of the city of Sao Paulo; and the third and fourth sections are dedicated to the analysis of the legitimacy, risks, political and social implications of this type of surveillance practices. Results: As a result, this paper points to some of the issues that arise with the implementation of surveillance technologies in public services, such as the invasions of individuals’ rights of privacy and freedom of expression. Implications: The study offers an opportunity for researchers and policymakers to have a perspective on how these practical cases reflect some of the academic discussions around surveillance in smart cities. Value: This paper, therefore, offers an original analysis of three existing cases and their insertion into a broader discussion of surveillance in urban centers and some of the risks involved
Surabaya towards a smart city constrained by COVID-19
Get PDFSurabaya, East Java is one of the cities in Indonesia which is well known as a Smart City. This achievement can not be separated from the breakthroughs and innovations that the local City Government (Pemkot) has made. The city government of Surabaya has also received various awards from within and outside the country, especially in the field of smart city. One of the awards is the 2018 OpenGov Recognition of Excellence. However, when the smart city was being helded, a pandemic emerged that attacked almost all parts of the world. This study aims to identify obstacles and steps to deal with Covid-19 without disturbing the stability of Surabaya towards a smart city. The data were obtained from social media from the Surabaya municipal government and the smart city parameters were taken from academic papers. The concept of smart city according to Surabaya begins with Smart Government, namely by implementing an internet-based government system which is also known as e-procurement. Other parameters are smart branding, smart economy, smart living, smart society, smart environment. This paper focuses on discussing smart environment without neglecting other parameters. Unfortunately, since the Covid-19 pandemic Surabaya has become the city in Indonesia with the most corona cases after Jakarta and Bogor with confirmed positive data up to November 1, 2020, amounting to 15,973 cases. The Surabaya City Government (Pemkot Surabaya) has implemented various efforts in order to prevent or break the chain of the spread of COVID-19. Consists of promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative efforts
Smart redevelopment of slums prevent epidemics
Get PDFObjective: Novel corona virus pandemic has placed the slum dwellers at high risk. This necessitates re-development of slums. This paper discusses the priority for slum re-development under Smart City Program, and the way forward in India. Prior Work: A study was carried out on early lessons from public administration measures to address the corona pandemic in India. This paper is based on a research following the earlier study. Approach: The process involved – (a) Study and analyze health survey reports of various municipalities; (b) Sample field surveys; (c) Discussions with limited number of municipal officials; and (d) Comparative analysis of other similar studies. Results: Slums are characterized by congested space, lack of adequate water supply, unhygienic sanitation conditions. Almost 8 to 10 persons live in a cramped space. Majority of the slum dwellers are daily wage earners and poor. Congested space and insufficient water do not allow social distancing and hand wash, which are essential to fight novel corona virus infection. Further, exposure outside home for daily earning makes the slum dwellers vulnerable to corona infection. Dharavi slum of Mumbai metropolitan in India, and some of the informal settlements of New York are unique examples. To address the present pandemic and improve the quality of life of the slum residents, re-development of slums and local economic development assume significance. It calls for re-oriented approach in urban planning, infrastructure development and creation of local employment opportunities under Smart City program. Implications: (a) Urban planners need to research for effective redevelopment of slums, and (b) Practitioners require to be familiarized with the urgent need to improve slums and are provided with options to re-orient area-based development as part of Smart City. Value: The study findings are relevant for most developing countries. It provides a way forward in redefine the priorities of “Smart Cities”
Analysis of local information systems of Ecuador and the importance of urban marketing
Get PDFThis article addresses the importance of urban marketing in Local Information Systems in Ecuador. The government with the aim of planning and making decisions in real time should include the perspective of a new model of city in function of the new social needs and the construction of an image for its own country and the international arena to acelereate the local economy development. This research, describes the social impact of urban marketing in the construction of the cities to attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Public management, plays a fundamental role in the development of different programs in the field of the digitalization of services to generate viable solutions and try to improve the quality of life of its inhabitants. Urban marketing and the ICT are a fundamental support for these. Citizens, businesses, governments and employees are a policy priority because cities are key factors for the new industrial scenario to converge all segments of society for ICT deployment and use. In addition, the article presents Local Information Systems for highlighting smart governance. The methodology used is secondary data sources including various types of books, journal articles, government reports and implementation plans
Smart City - A new concept of green and technological city - A survey will explain the differences between two countries with a different vision of these cities
Get PDFObjectives The search for the meaning of the term of the new cities called "Smart City". Approach the search for articles that explain the meaning of smart cities and offer an explanation of this term. A survey is useful for understanding if the population of a nation knows these new cities, and what they think of them. Results Several authors speak of smart cities and therefore different definitions of these cities can be found. to overcome this, six characteristics have been identified, which have been accepted by all. From the answers of the survey it can be observed that smart cities are known by almost all the population of Italy and Norway
The participation of citizens to achieve smart people’s case study: Analyzing the use of online-based community complaint channels in Sleman regency
Get PDFThe concept of a smart city according to several studies is very feasible to be adopted and developed as a solution to urban problems so far. Six smart city concepts can be adopted by adjusting the conditions of each city. The six concepts are a smart economy, smart mobility, smart environment, smart government, smart living, and smart infrastructure. After all, the most important element of a city area is the citizens of the city itself. The concept of a smart city was born to answer the problems faced by citizens. The concept of a smart city can be realized if coupled with efforts to make smart city residents (Smart Citizen). Intelligence is not just talking about improving the level of academic education, but increasing awareness and awareness of citizens to be directly involved in the process of formulating government policies and programs in their cities. Through the use of current information technology advances, it is very possible to do and be initiated by the government. Therefore, this paper will analyze the participation of the community in Sleman Regency to achieve the smart peoples. The method used in this study is qualitative and quantitative in which qualitative in-depth interviews are conducted with various sources, namely the government and the community and quantitative is done by distributing 100 questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that people are happy with the government\u27s efforts to realize the concept of smart cities and districts. Besides, although the government has made various kinds of complaints channels to be closer to the community, several factors influence the community to use these channels, such as because of education, and inclusion. In the other hand, another factor that the most influence the use of public complaints is the response from the government
Rediscovering urban intelligence within cities by technologies
Get PDFAs drivers of economic and social growth, and engines of innovation, cities develop urban intelligence relying on the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) as a source to ensure high quality of life and improve processes and services. Smart cities and smart communities help build urban intelligence within cities aiming to proceed towards urban sustainability and promoting innovation and knowledge creation. Cities identify smart and intelligent solutions to facing and solving urban problems, by using the potential offered by information technology to drive innovative processes and proceed towards sustainable urban growth. Information technology helps cities to rediscover the meaning of community as an organizational framework that fosters collaboration within urban spaces. Local government, business, education and citizens understand the potential of information technology in order to transform the community in significant ways through collaboration. Intelligent cities as communities promote technological innovation and encourage people to work for achieving urban sustainability. As engines of innovation, cities as smart communities proceed towards urban intelligence by developing the urban community as an intelligent city which rediscovers a pathway for growth and knowledge, innovation and value creation
The Corona Warning App of the German Federal Government – How perceived data protection issues hindered any effectiveness
Get PDFSince June 17th, 2020 the Corona Warn App of the German Federal Government has been available for download. After a sharp increase downloads stagnate around a total of 20 million, which is roughly one fourth of the population. Whether everyone who downloaded it actually uses it, is questionable. Objectives We want to show that the underlying concept of an app is questionable, even if each inhabitant with a smartphone downloads and uses it, it would cover barely half of each encounter where COVID-19 could actually be transmitted. Prior work This work is the scientific, extended version of a short article we published in the September 2020 issue of the “Behördenspiegel”, a monthly magazine covering German public administration issues. Approach We use statistical methods to show that, (i) even in the very best case with a perfectly working app the coverage would have been roughly half of all relevant encounters (ii) and that the voluntary usage of this app as well as the free decision of the infected individual to publish its (anonymized) data to warn others in fact reduces any effectiveness considerably. In addition we show that (iii) due to the design of the app there is a likely limit where the app will not be able to warn its users for mathematical and cryptographical reasons. Results We demonstrate by statistical means that this app could never have worked and why similar apps neither would work, let aside probably the “Trace Together” initiative of Singapore, which is based on a combination of an app plus physical tokens for those who do not own nor use smartphones (https://www.tracetogether.gov.sg/). We define some requirements a successful COVID-19 tracing solution must fulfill. Implications We show that such apps are not a solution for the problem, rather an obstacle to a real solution, because they lull their (few) users into a false sense of security which is obviously wrong, based on real figures. Value The paper contributes to transparency of government action during the COVID-19 pandemic. We show that other ways of contact tracing must be pursued in order to be effective and hinder the pandemic from escalating rather than providing a false feeling of safety
Smart government in local adoption – Authorities in strategic change through AI
Get PDFThe digital revolution is an issue for local authorities to actively shape the dynamic change of service expectations.The Objectives of the research project are investigations in how AI-support can speed up decisions of authorities in unknown, dynamically changing situations professionally. The scientific interest lies in the question of possible linking options between learning theories of adult human education and deep learning strategies of machine learning approaches.The Prior work serves the element of service optimization for citizens or business concerning the use of AI-applications for direct interaction and for process optimization in the background of processing.The Approach is in addition to an introduction to the basic user scenarios of AI technology in the public task spectrum of local governance. In this respect, it bases on the empirical findings of the study ‘Artificial Intelligence in Public Administration - Fields of Application and Scenarios”.The Results concern the understanding that human and AI-basic technologies are action-oriented learning systems performing in the fields of creating services in the web 4.0, such as the internet of things. Development learning theories, such as transformative learning for Data Scientists and Public Managers, should have an impact on more customer related AI-applications.The Implications of this interdisciplinary projekt should give an impact to academics in the public management and data sciences as well as specialists of learning in the field of human and machine-interaction. For practioners and leaders of local authorities, the possibilities of implementing AI-services should become clear.The Value of the paper lies in the combination of administrative, learn-strategic, technological, and ethical requirements to be proposed in order to get the application scenarios of AI off the ground, also in the sense of acceptance management in the face of persistent innovation blockades of general ‘smart government’ measures
Ways for assessment of the potential for development of the so called “smart citiesâ€
Get PDFThe objective of the present article is to discuss and explore relevant indicators for assessing the possibilities for the realisation of the concept of “smart citiesâ€. Therefore, as a characteristic of primary importance regarding the potential and the expected benefits from the realisation of the “smart cities†concept, we have highlighted the level of urbanization. Supplied and analysed is data about the urban population within the European Union, by country, as well as data about the regions around Bulgaria. As a second most significant indicator is singled out the access to financial resources, which are measured by GDP per capita of the population, as well as employment rates. Thirdly we have singled out a group of indicators which assess the level of technological advancement of a population