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The key moment in the genesis of mobile cellular systems. Control of radio links in universal mobile cellular systems
Get PDFThe most crucial moment in the genesis of mobile cellular systems is the implementation of a universal telecommunications system, as one of its most important aspects is to integrate existing second-generation cellular standards into a single platform. Universal mobile systems are based on several different standards, one of which is WCDMA. It is compatible with the widespread GSM technology and uses a bandwidth between 5 MHz and 10 MHz, thus creating a stable platform for deploying applications using wide bandwidth. The purpose of this article is to present the main emphasis in the control of radio communications in universal mobile cellular systems. To systematize the protocols used in the layers related to radio control and to summarize their basic functions. Control processes such as radio interface measurements, handover, borrowing, reconfiguring, and releasing radio resources needed by one radio link and others are affected
European rules in the field of competition guarantee for the effective functioning of the internal market in the European Union
No full textFor decades, the European Union has made great efforts to achieve one of its main objectives, namely to build a single internal market in which to ensure the free movement of goods, services, capital and people. To this end, the Union has adopted a number of primary and secondary acts setting out the rules governing the functioning of the internal market and has established various mechanisms to monitor their proper application. Undoubtedly, the completion of the single internal market is one of the most valuable achievements of the European Union, which has led to a number of positive consequences. The main ones are the economic growth and stability of the European Union, the better competitiveness on the international markets, the provision of higher consumer protection, the creation of a more favorable environment for the activities of the enterprises, the liberalization of the different types of services. The basic principles and rules in the field of competition are important for the proper functioning of the internal market, for the development of the economy of the European Union and for the protection of legal entities. These rules constitute antitrust and anti-cartel legislation, merger control, state aid and public enterprises and services. These rules are set out in the founding treaties, in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, and in a number of regulations and directives. This article will present an analysis of the basic rules and principles in the field of competition and their impact on the internal market, as well as the relevant jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union
Vaccination – an administrative social obligation
No full textThe article examines the emergence of compulsory vaccination from a historical perspective. It distinguishes between recommended and compulsory vaccination. It discusses in detail the administrative legislation that provides for compulsory vaccination
The relationship between ECtHR and CJEU and national criminal courts in the light of the concept of human rights
No full textThe concept of human rights is at the heart of the relationship between the two supranational courts – ECtHR and the CJEU – and the national jurisdictions. This relationship is complex in nature involving both the perception of and opposition against the legal solutions adopted by supranational courts. But its result is clear – it affirms the human rights as super-right, a supreme imperative and a criterion for assessing the legality of national law and case law
Dynamic analysis of movement and gesture in the initial actor‘s training – distinction, types of gestures, characteristics
No full textOne of the main objectives of this text is to explore and present important practical aspects of acting training. The point of view I offer is from the position of an actor with solid training and experience as a pedagogue in the field of physical theater. In its theoretical and practical orientation, the text explores and describes some important characteristics of movement and gesture – one of the main means of expression of the actor. The report presents and analyzes a practical development in the field of initial physical training of the actor. The theoretical framework I propose for practical research, is based on contemporary concepts of theatrical gesture. The main accents and object of the practical research are: distinguishing and redefining the concepts of movement and gesture; development of the dynamic characteristics of the movement and ways to reach/produce gesture; interrelations between the characteristics of the gesture code and specific emotions. With the help of this analysis, important principles are derived in the development of training exercises for the initial training in acting, which are adequate to the modern theatrical environment
Approaches for Price/earnings Ratio Adjustment
Get PDFThe paper is focused on some specifics of the application of the market approach. The International Valuation Standards (2020) require appraisers to adjust the market multiples used. These adjustments should reflect the differences in the operational and financial characteristics of selected comparable and the evaluated enterprise. We establish the existence of intuitive and non-intuitive approaches to the market multiples adjustment. We compare the results of applying both approaches to the Price/Earnings, P/E
New EU Industrial Policy – Principles, Problems, Opportunities
Get PDFAfter being denounced as obsolete and ineffective in the last decades, the idea of European industrial policy is being revived. The newly created paradigm of the industrial policy at the EU level after 2009 is observed and analyzed in the context of contemporary technological changes and the role of EU in them; as well as the structure of intra-EU and extra-EU trade. The article discusses the possibility of building a strategic industrial policy at the EU level, considering the economic performance of the Community. The global context is also taken into account. Recommendations for modem industrial policy aimed at restoring economic growth and technological competitiveness are proposed
Inclusive Communicative Strategies in an ESP Classroom: A Case Study at a Ukrainian University
No full textThis paper describes the experience of Ukrainian educators in the promotion of social inclusion for internally displaced students. Attention is paid to the analysis of key notions and concepts of social inclusion in education, and the challenges associated with the implementation of inclusion strategies. This paper investigates the advantages and disadvantages of inclusive communication strategies implementation in ESP courses. The choice justified by its communicative orientation and focus on social interaction. One hundred and ten internally displaced students and fifteen ESP teachers participated in the study. The study presents the results gained from interviews with Ukrainian students and ESP teachers from Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. A comparative analysis revealed the positive dynamics in internally displaced students’ well-being after the implementation of inclusive communicative strategies. The findings support the idea that the well-being of internally displaced students can be improved with the implementation of individualization, diversification, and differentiation integrated into the ESP classroom
Review of the book of Svetoslav P. Velchev “Public prosecutor’s supervision: Origin, development, functions”
No full textThe book review examines shortly the history of the public prosecutor’s supervision. The book is issued in а new format in 2021 by the Publishing House of the New Bulgarian University. The first edition of the book was in 1928 and its author was one of the most famous Bulgarian lawyers in the period before 1944 – Svetoslav Petrov Velchev (1870–1943). He held the position of Prosecutor General in the Supreme Court of Cassation (1920–1932) and was the first chairman of Supreme Administrative Court (1932–1938). Prof. Veselin Vuchkov is author of the biographical essay at the beginning of this new edition