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Tackling online disinformation – EU platform regulations
No full textThese abstract aims to analyze the challenges associated with the spread of misinformation online and the potential role of legal regulation in addressing this problem. In the context of the digital age, where information is disseminated with extreme speed and on a wide scale, misinformation poses a serious threat to society and democracy. European regulatory efforts through the Digital Service Act focus on the regulation of platforms‘ responsibility for their content, fact-checking mechanisms, transparency of algorithms, etc. Notwithstanding these efforts, the legal regulation of platforms must be carried out in compliance with the principles of freedom of expression
Role of ESG Criteria for Merger and Acquisition Transactions: Opportunities and Risks
Get PDFThe article looks at the growing importance of environmental, social and governance criteria on the activity of transactions in mergers and acquisitions, for both strategic participants, professional investors, and for a wide range of stakeholders. The connection between the ESG criteria and the value of the company has been clarified, under the stakeholder activism to maximize the financial performance of the business. In the light of sustainable investment, the importance of compliance with ESG criteria and the presence of ESG premium on the value of the company in transactions in mergers and acquisitions is highlighted. The opportunities and challenges to companies in connection with the necessary changes to the due diligence of the M&A transactions are discussed
Opportunities for Optimizing the Education System in the Republic of Bulgaria by Increasing the Efficiency and Sustainability of the Higher Education-science-business Relationship
Get PDFThe scientific development characterizes the nature and features of higher education in the Republic of Bulgaria and formulates conclusions about its condition in the conditions of a digital environment. Its positive and negative sides are brought out and the directions for its development in the foreseeable future are determined. A set of measures to increase its quality is proposed, and the expected results of their implementation are determined. The thesis that there are unused opportunities to increase the efficiency and competitiveness of higher education in the Republic of Bulgaria by improving the efficiency and sustainability of the interrelationship “higher education - science - business” is proven
Text Data Augmentation Using Generative Adversarial Networks – A Systematic Review
Get PDFInsufficient data is one of the main drawbacks in natural language processing tasks, and the most prevalent solution is to collect a decent amount of data that will be enough for the optimisation of the model. However, recent research directions are strategically moving towards increasing training examples due to the nature of the data-hungry neural models. Data augmentation is an emerging area that aims to ensure the diversity of data without attempting to collect new data exclusively to boost a model’s performance. Limitations in data augmentation, especially for textual data, are mainly due to the nature of language data, which is precisely discrete. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) were initially introduced for computer vision applications, aiming to generate highly realistic images by learning the image representations. Recent research has focused on using GANs for text generation and augmentation. This systematic review aims to present the theoretical background of GANs and their use for text augmentation alongside a systematic review of recent textual data augmentation applications such as sentiment analysis, low resource language generation, hate speech detection and fraud review analysis. Further, a notion of challenges in current research and future directions of GAN-based text augmentation are discussed in this paper to pave the way for researchers especially working on low-text resources
Gender-neutral Language Use in the Context of Gender Bias in Machine Translation (A Review Literature)
Get PDFGender bias has become one of the central issues analysed within natural language processing (NLP) research. A main concerns in this field relates to the fact that many NLP tools and automatic machine learning systems not only reflect, but also reinforce social disparities, including those related to gender, and language technology is one of the areas in which this issue is pronounced. This paper analyses the problem of gender-neutral language use from the standpoint of gender bias in machine translation (MT). We determine which types of harms can be caused by the failure to reflect gender-neutral language in translation, provide the general definition of gender bias in MT, describe its sources and provide an overview of existing mitigating strategies. One of the main contributions of this work is that it focuses not only on females, but also non-binary people, whose linguistic visibility has been receiving only limited attention from academia. This literature review provides a firm foundation for further research in this area aimed at addressing the problem of gender bias in machine translation, especially bias linked to representational harms
How Much Linguistics in Corpus Linguistics? Review of Doing Linguistics with a Corpus by Egbert, J., Larsson, T. and Biber, D. (2020). Cambridge University Press
Get PDFNew technologies, children and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR): The gap between communication, infrastructure and the application of an European Regulation!
Get PDFOne of the central concepts of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is the “data subject”. This notion in relation to the establishment of rights and obligations for controllers and processors becomes a common denominator in the implementation of this Regulation at the level of all Member States of the European Union. The Regulation (EU) 2016/679 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (GDPR) was adopted, in order to protect the privacy of data subject, whether a parent, an young person or a child. However, starting with the title we can identify two different actions: to assure the protection of personal data and the free movement of this data within and outside the Union borders. In this context we must take the following into account: the reality of conceptual gaps in interpretation of this document; old or non-existent infrastructure; legislative bottlenecks and the risks involved in the protection of children’s data. Are parents, young people or children properly informed about their rights and the risks to which they are exposed in an era of digitalization? Can online school ensure the protection of children? Does the current infrastructure allow the optimal implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation? My research, in this context, has the aim of identifying gaps between information, infrastructure and the application of the GDPR, using the content analysis method and the questionnaire as a qualitative method of research. The expected results of this research are awareness by state institutions about the risks to which children are exposed in an era of digitalization and the awareness of the controllers about the obligation to ensure the protection of children’s data in the processing process
Electronic evidence in criminal cases and its sources – necessary considerations
No full textThe article analyses the status of electronic evidence in criminal cases in accordance with certain concepts of the Bulgarian legislation on criminal procedure. The exposition is built on fundamental principles of theory and practice over the past decades, as well as on some new legal provisions during the last five years
Raw material sources and building materials from the Hellenistic period in the vicinity of Mesambria Pontica according archaeological sites
Get PDFThe main objective of this paper is to present the building materials used in the construction of dwellings and houses from the Hellenistic period from archaeological sites located in the close vicinity of Messambria Pontica [present day city of Nessebar]. Other main goal is to present the raw material sources that were used in the construction of buildings. Thus among the priority tasks in the reconstruction of the settlement patterns in the research area. Results of analyzes of clay samples and roof tiles are also presented, which indicate the existing of workshops and developed local production during the Hellenistic period