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CRM Strategies. Role and Significance of the Cooperative as a form of Social Entrepreneurship
Get PDFThis article is devoted to the theoretical investigation of the dynamic interplay between customer relationship management (CRM) strategies, cooperatives, and social entrepreneurship. Although CRM has long been recognized as a key element in modern business practices, its relevance and application in the unique context of cooperatives and social entrepreneurship are areas of interest for further research. This study delves into the role and importance of CRM strategies in these individual business models, shedding light on their potential impact and opportunities for effective implementation
Financial Technology (Fintech) in International Finance: Opportunities and Threats for Development
Get PDFFinance technology has developed in recent years with an upward trend. That has an impact on all the scientific fields and practice, including international finance. The purpose of the paper is to present the main elements of international finance and fintech, and to review the impact of financial technology on some of the elements of international finance
Law and logic: A deductive criterion for determination of truth value of evidence in civil and administrative procedures – part II
No full textAbstract: The study examines the possibility of applying a deductive logical criterion for determination of the truth value of evidence in civil and administrative procedures. Part I pointed out types of evidence and facts with ex lege definite truth value according to current legislation in Bulgaria. It reviewed the opportunity evidence without such ex lege definite truth value to be subjected to verification using the proposed deductive criterion. It was also argued that in the criterion’s application as premises evidence and facts with ex lege definite truth value should be involved in order to guarantee the truth value of the conclusions. The study provided a detailed review of the propositional logic apparatus involved. Part II reviews the deductive method applied – the method of natural deduction. The application of the deductive criterion in determining the truth value of evidence in an example from legal practice is also shown. At the end the method of natural deduction is applied to a particular kind of proof – based only on circumstantial evidence with ex lege definite truth value. The study concludes with a summary of the advantages and limitations of the application of the deductive criterion, some new areas of implication of deductive logic in civil procedure are reviewed and some open research issues are pointed
The Bulgarian Commission for Protection against Discrimination as a National Jurisdiction within the meaning of Article 267 of the TFEU - History and Prospects
Get PDFThe subject of analysis in the study are the conditions that a national authority should meet in order to meet the requirements for "national jurisdiction", which can make reference to the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) within the framework of a preliminary ruling procedure under Article 267 TFEU. In particular, under consideration is the possibility of the Bulgarian Commission for Protection against Discrimination to receive recognition as a national jurisdiction upon fulfilment of the established by the CJEU conditions. For this purpose, the practice of the Commission for Protection against Discrimination itself in this regard is examined, as well as the opinion of the CJEU on the matter. The prospects for changing the current situation are also discussed in view of the amendments to the Statute and the Rules of Procedure of the EU jurisdictions, under which competences in the framework of the preliminary ruling procedure are partially granted to the General Court, as of 1 October 2024
It Takes Three to Tango: How a Cuban Ballerina Interpreted for Castro and Khrushchev
No full textThis text launches a series of articles under the image-based project 'With the Aid of an Unidentified Interpreter: Putting Names to Faces on Historical Photos' dedicated to the history of high-level interpreting. Here, the quest is to identify the interpreter at the two encounters between Nikita Khrushchev and Fidel Castro at Harlem's Hotel Theresa and at the Soviet Mission in New York on 20 and 23 September 1960 based on a photo from the personal archive of Khrushchev's assistant Vladimir Lebedev. This interpreter turned out to be Menia Martínez, a historic figure in Cuban ballet. Educated at the Vaganova School in St. Petersburg (Leningrad), she was proficient in Russian. The text looks at other professional and unprofessional interpreters who worked with the two leaders before, on, and after this trip to New York and whose work contributed to the development of Cuban-Soviet and East-West relations. The discussion draws on available visuals, memoirs, newspaper sources, and unclassified documents placing the discussion in the wider context of international relations at the time. The author is grateful to Menia Martínez, who, in a telephone conversation, has helped in clarifying some of the aspects of the matter under investigation
On the Verge between Retranslation and Revision: Revisiting Translations of Modernist Novels in Türkiye
No full textThis research aims to elucidate the underlying forces that propelled the first translators to reprocess their texts within the framework of modernist literature, and to reveal the nature of these reprocessed texts as retranslations or revisions. The corpus of this study is composed of modernist novels To The Lighthouse (1927), Lolita (1955), Heart of Darkness (1899), and Nightwood (1936). The first translators of these novels into Turkish felt the need to reprocess texts over long periods. The second versions could be classified as retranslations according to the characteristics outlined by the retranslation hypothesis. However, considering the limitations of this hypothesis, particularly regarding retranslations from the 2000s onward, it seems insufficient to explain current dynamics. To establish a clear differentiation between revision and retranslation, it is essential to conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis of the first and subsequent versions. Based on the analysis, it has been determined that there are limited but significant changes in the revised texts. While the number of alterations may not reach statistical significance to label them as "retranslations", they can be categorized as "revisions." It has been concluded that the triggering factors behind the revisions are related to the changing sociocultural factors, patronage and the habitus of the translators
The Dutiful Daughters of the British Empire: Psychosocial Topology of The British Hospital in Smyrna
No full textScholarship on the accounts of the Western travellers about the Ottoman Empire focuses on some commonly known writers only, and Ismeer, or Smyrna, and its British hospital in 1855, by a lady [M. Nicol] remains neglected. It is a diary written by a lady-nurse, Martha Nicol, who worked in the British hospital in Smyrna, during the Crimean War. She is tightly bound in with the imperial ideology and by reconceptualising the space in the hospital, the lady-nurses help the British soldiers achieve a sense of continuity between their home back in England and the host culture about which they know very little. By playing a formative role to transpose this hospital to a homely space in a foreign territory, the lady-nurses function as psychic and cultural stabilisers. This essay aims to decipher how the hospital space functions as an ideological heterotopia of deviance, and how the lady-nurses contribute to its power to inspire the idea of “at-homeness” in the soldiers and retain the ideological structuring mechanisms in this distant location by exploring the textual evidence in the book. This essay will also explore how power and ideology are contextualised in the psychosocial topology of the hospital
Incredulity toward Heroism: Ackroyd as a Gallant Storyteller against the Heroic Tradition
No full textHeroism as an unremitting subject conquers and even haunts literature as well as history. Historical and fictitious heroes are guiding spirits of human beings regardless of time and geography. Historians and writers have so sternly adhered to the ideals of heroism that this fascination has been transformed into hero worship dating back to antiquity, bringing heroism to the forefront as a metanarrative in history and literature. Particularly contributing to the undying predicament of literature caught between the ideal and the real, causes of heroism have been largely left unquestioned putting heroes in the shoes of a messiah. Peter Ackroyd (1949-), renowned for his historiographic metafictions fashioned within postmodernism, dares to challenge this unimpeached -ism in The Fall of Troy (2006). In the novel, Ackroyd rewrites the history of Troy and introduces an eccentric half-real hero, Heinrich Obermann, against celebrated heroes of history and literature. Accordingly, this paper reads heroism as a metanarrative and delineates how Ackroyd sketches an atypical hero by acting contrary to traditional heroism and heroic literary tradition in his vibrant postmodern parody, The Fall of Troy