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Novi ftsZ genotip Wolbachia endosimbionta cikade Hyalesthes obsoletus (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae) vektora ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ asocirane sa Convolvulus arvensis
No full textHyalesthes obsoletus (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae) is a pan-European polyphagous
planthopper known as a significant vector of the plant pathogenic bacterium ‘Candidatus
Phytoplasma solani’ (stolbur phytoplasma), which poses threats to various agricultural
crops. A population of H. obsoletus associated with Convolvulus arvensis in Serbia was
studied to investigate the presence and genetic diversity of Wolbachia, an endosymbiotic
bacterium known for its promising biological control applications. Both insect-associated
microorganisms, ‘Ca. P. solani’ and Wolbachia, were found in the assessed H. obsoletus
population. The analyzed vector population had a ‘Ca. P. solani’ infection rate of 50%, while
Wolbachia showed a high infection rate of 80%. Wolbachia presence displayed minimal
variation across genders and was independent of individuals’ phytoplasma-infection status.
Genotyping of the identified ‘Ca. P. solani’ strains revealed four previously described stamp
genotypes (Rqg50/St1, Rqg31/St2, STOL/St4 and M5/St28). Notably, a single novel Wolbachia
ftsZ genotype, designated WHo1, was found in the assessed H. obsoletus population,
providing a valuable insight into the genetic diversity of Wolbachia endosymbionts within
the Cixiidae family. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated intricate relationships between
WHo1 and other Wolbachia strains infecting hosts from diverse hemipteran suborders.
Although Wolbachia-based strategies show promise for phytoplasma vector control,
further research is needed to elucidate its potential interactions with ‘Ca. P. solani’ and its
effects on vector reproduction and fitness.Hyalesthes obsoletus (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae) je polifagna cikada poznata kao
značajan vektor fitopatogene bakterije ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (stolbur fitoplazma)
koja nanosi štetu u proizvodnji brojnih poljoprivrednih kultura. U okviru odabrane populacije
H. obsoletus asocirane sa biljkom Convolvulus arvensis u Srbiji, istraženi su prisustvo i genetička
raznovrsnost endosimbiontske bakterije Wolbachia, poznate kao perspektivnog agensa u
biološkoj kontroli. U ispitivanoj populaciji H. obsoletus pronađena su oba mikroorganizma,
‘Ca. P. solani’ i Wolbachia. Stopa ‘Ca. P. solani’ infekcije H. obsoletus populacije je bila 50%,
dok je u slučaju Wolbachia iznosila 80%. Prisustvo Wolbachia nije bilo uslovljeno infekcijom
fitoplazmom i pokazalo je minimalne varijacije između polova insekta. Genotipizacijom
identifikovanih sojeva ‘Ca. P. solani’ otkrivena su četiri prethodno opisana stamp genotipa
(Rqg50/St1, Rqg31/St2, STOL/St4 i M5/St28). Novi Wolbachia ftsZ genotip, označen kao WHo1, je
identifikovan u populaciji H. obsoletus, što pruža novi uvid u genetičku raznovrsnost Wolbachia
endosimbionta insekata iz familije Cixiidae. Filogenetska analiza je pokazala složene odnose
između WHo1 i Wolbachia sojeva iz domaćina različitih Hemiptera podredova. Iako strategije
biološke kontrole zasnovane na Wolbachia imaju potencijal u kontroli vektora fitoplazmi,
potrebna su dalja istraživanja kako bi se objasnile interakcije ovog endosimbionta sa ‘Ca. P.
solani’ kao i uticaj Wolbachia na reprodukciju i fitnes vektora
Efikasnost smanjenih količina flumioksazina u suncokretu
No full textField studies were conducted in 2023 to evaluate the efficacy of reduced doses of flumioxazin at
weed control in sunflowers. Experiments were set up in four locations (Čenej, Pejićevi Salaši, Čurug, and
Kula) and a randomized complete block design was used with four replicates. Flumioxazin (Helion,
flumioxazin 500 g a.i./l) was preemergence (PRE)-applied in the recommended (60 g a.i./ha) and reduced
doses of application (50, 40 and 20 g a.i./ha). Efficacy assessment was done 2 and 4 weeks after the treatment.
The lowest applied dose of flumioxazin (20 g a.i./ha), had an efficiency higher than 90% only for two weed
species Hibiscus trionum and Sinapis arvensis. At higher doses of application (40 and 50 g a.i./ha), an efficacy
≥90% was determined for 6 weed species: Amaranthus retroflexus, Abutilon theophrasti, Datura stramonium,
Hibiscus trionum, Sinapis arvensis and Solanum nigrum. The application of the recommended dose (60 g
a.i./ha) increased the efficacy because three more economically important weed species (Chenopodium album,
Chenopodium hybridum, and Echinochloa crus-galli) were included in the spectrum of weed control. The
obtained data showed that the effectiveness of flumioxazin decreased with reduced doses of application, so
growers have to count on ineffective weed control when applying flumioxazin in doses less than recommended.Tokom 2023. godine, na četiri lokaliteta, izvedena su ispitivanja efikasnosti smanjenih količina
flumioksazina u suzbijanju korova u suncokretu. Ogledi su postavljeni na lokalitetima Čenej, Pejićevi Salaši,
Čurug i Kula, po slučajnom blok sistemu, u četiri ponavljanja. Flumioksazin (Helion, flumioksazin 500 g//l) je
primenjen posle setve, a pre nicanja useva i korova u preporučenoj (60 g a.s/ha) i smanjenim količinama
primene (50, 40 i 20 g a.s/ha). Ocena efikasnosti je urađena 2 i 4 nedelje nakon tretmana. Kod najniže
primenjene količine flumioksazina od 20 g/ha efikasnost veća od 90% zabeležena samo kod dve korovske vrste
Hibiscus trionum i Sinapis arvensis. Kod većih količina primena od 40 i 50 g/ha efikasnost veća od 90%
utvrđena je za 6 korovskih vrsta: Amaranthus retroflexus, Abutilon theophrasti, Datura stramonium, Hibiscus
trionum, Sinapis arvensis i Solanum nigrum. Najbolja efikasnost zabeležena je kod 60 g flumioksazina, tako da
su u spektar delovanja, pored navedenih, uključene još tri ekonomski veoma značajne korovske vrste Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hybridum i Echinochloa crus-galli. Rezultati ovih ispitavanja su pokazali
da efikasnost flumioksazina opada sa smanjenjem količine primene, tako da proizvođači moraju računati na
nižu efikasnost kada se odluče za primenu flumioksazina u količinama koje su miže od preporučenih
Unapređenje strategije suzbijanja štetnih glodara: II - Prihvatljivost mamaka sa konzervansom koji su prethodno izlagani nepovoljnim uslovima sredine za jedinke sivog pacova
No full textControl of brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) is an indispensable measure of protection of
human population and domestic animals, aimed at preventing the spread of infectious
diseases, and a measure of protection of goods and commodities that the brown rat
can damage by its presence and activities. Rodent control procedures in environments
with unfavourable conditions, such as high temperature and humidity, may fail due to
reduced bait palatability caused by its degradation. Baits were prepared based on OEPP/
EPPO recommendations, while ECHA recommendation was followed for bait exposure to
unfavourable environmental conditions. Placebo baits were prepared by mixing ground
maize grain and paraffin. Test baits, made by mixing the placebo bait with sorbic acid, were
exposed to unfavourable environmental conditions (temperature 30-35 ⁰C and humidity
90-95%). Brown rats previously captured from a wild population were used as the test
organism. After an acclimation period, the animals were subjected to a four-day choice
feeding test in which they were simultaneously offered placebo and test baits. The average
bait palatability was unchanged, and the palatability of bait containing the preservative was
48.85 %. Furthermore, the preservative had no influence on bait consumption, compared
to baits in the pre-test period, as there was no statistical difference in total amounts of bait
consumed in the tests. The results indicate that 1% sorbic acid can be used as a potentially
good additive to baits that are planned to be used in sewage systems and other areas where
unfavorable environmental conditions prevail and there is a risk of rapid mold development
and bait decay.Suzbijanje sivog pacova (Rattus norvegicus) predstavlja neizostavnu meru zaštite stanovništa
i domaćih životinja sa ciljem sprečavanja prenošenja i širenja zaraznih bolesti kao i meru zaštite
ljudskih dobara od šteta koje sivi pacov može proizvesti svojim prisustvom i aktivnošću. Postupak
kontrole brojnosti glodara u prostoru gde preovladavaju nepovoljni uslovi sredine, kao što su
povišena temperatura i vlažnost, može biti neuspešno zbog smanjene prihvatljivosti mamka
uzrokovane njegovom degradacijom. Priprema mamaka izvedena je u skladu sa preporukom
OEPP/EPPO metode, dok je sam postupak izlaganja mamaka nepovoljnim uslovima sredine
izveden u skladu sa preporukom ECHA. Placebo mamci pripremljeni su mešanjem mlevenog
zrna kukuruza i parafina. Test mamci, pripremljeni mešanjem placebo mamka i sorbinske
kiseline, izlagani su nepovoljnim uslovima sredine (temperatura 30-35 ⁰C i vlažnost vazduha
95-99 %). Kao test organizam korišćene su jedinke sivog pacova, prethodno izlovljene iz divlje
populacije. Nakon perioda adaptacije jedinke su uključene u pre-test u trajanju od četiri dana.
Prosečna prihvatljivost ispitivanog mamka je bila ujednačena, odnosno prihvatljivost mamak
sa dodatkom konzervansa je bila 48,85 %. Utvrđeno je da sorbinska kiselina nema negativnog
uticaja na prihvatljivost mamka. Takođe, konzervans nije uticao ni na konzumaciju mamka u
poređenju sa mamcima iz pre-test perioda s obzirom da se ukupna količina konzumiranog
mamka tokom testa nije statistički razlikovala od količine konzumiranog mamka tokom pre-
test perioda. Rezultati ukazuju da se sorbinska kiselina pri sadržaju od 1% može koristiti kao
potencijalno dobar aditiv za pripremu mamaka koji će biti izlagani u kanalizacionim sistemima
i drugim prostorima u kojima preovladaju nepovoljni uslovi sredine i u kojima postoji rizik
od brzog razvoja plesni i degradacije mamka
Side effects of semi-synthetic insecticide spinetoram on the whitefly parasitoid Encarsia formosa
No full textInsecticide risk assessment for biological control agents is essential for implementing integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Spinetoram is a naturally derived insecticide used to control a variety of agricultural sap-sucking insect pests, and Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) plays a key role in the biocontrol of greenhouse whiteflies. Despite its presumed safe ecotoxicological profile, the side effects of spinetoram on E. formosa are partially unknown, especially at sublethal doses. In the laboratory, we estimated the lethal concentrations (LC) of spinetoram on E. formosa by topical exposure of pupae and 48 h residual contact exposure of emerged adults. Afterwards, we assessed the impact of spinetoram LCs on the life history traits (juvenile development, adult longevity, parasitism, adult emergence) and population growth parameter (the instantaneous rate of increase, ri) of the parasitoid
Održivost osnove rodenticidnih mamaka od dve vrste cerealija u nepovoljnim uslovima sredine
No full textThe protection of quality and safety of stored products requires adequate and
regular measures of protection from harmful rodents. Poisonous baits in a variety of
formulations, primarily those based on cereals, are the most widely applied method of
rodent control. Providing rodenticide baits that are durable over extended periods of time
under adverse environmental conditions is an evident challenge for successful rodent
control.
The present study focused on examining the effects of particle size of maize- and
wheat-based rodenticide bait carriers on bait longevity under unfavourable environmental
conditions. Maize and wheat grain fractions with particle sizes <0.8 mm, 0.8-1.25 mm,
1.25-2 mm and >2 mm were kept in a climate chamber for 33 days at temperature varying
from 30-35 C˚ and humidity from 90-95%. Baits containing different grain fractions, and
supplemented with 1% sorbic acid, were tested for mold development. The same grain
fractions without the preservative were used as control baits. Test and control baits were
exposed to identical environmental conditions in the climate chamber over the same
time period.
Mold development on preservative-free baits was considerably faster and more
intensive, compared to baits that contained sorbic acid. Initial signs of mold development
on control baits were observed as early as on the third day of testing. Carrier type and
fraction size affected mold development significantly. Regarding maize-based baits, mold
development was more intestive on grain fractions >1.25 mm, compared to wheat-based
grain which enabled more intensive development of mold on fractions with particle
size <1.25 mm.Neophodno je pravilno i redovno sprovoditi mere zaštite od štetnih vrsta glodara
sa ciljem obezbeđenja i očuvanja kvaliteta i zdravstvene ispravnosti čuvanih proizvoda.
Primena otrovnih mamaka različitih formulacija, prvenstveno na bazi cerealija, predstavlja
najzastupljeniju metodu suzbijanja glodara. Očuvanje rodenticidnih mamaka duži vremenski
period u nepovoljnim uslovima sredine predstavlja izazov za uspešno izvođenje deratizacije.
Istraživanje je obuhvatilo ispitivanje uticaja veličine čestica nosača rodenticida na bazi
kukuruza ili pšenice na održivost u nepovoljnim uslovima sredine. U inkubatoru, na temperaturi
od 30 – 35˚C i pri vlažnosti vazduha od 90 – 95%, frakcije kukuruza i pšenice veličina <0,8
mm, 0,8-1,25 mm, 1,25-2 mm i >2 mm su čuvane tokom 33 dana. Ispitivan je razvoj plesni na
mamcima koji su sadržavali različite veličine frakcija sa dodatkom 1% sorbinske kiseline. Kao
kontrola, korišćene su iste frakcije bez dodatka konzervansa. Test i kontrolni mamci izlagani
su istim uslovima u inkubatoru tokom istog vremenskog perioda.
Razvoj plesni na mamcima koji nisu sadržali konzervans bio je dosta brži i intenzivniji u
odnosu na mamke koji su sadržavali sorbinsku kiselinu. Prvi znaci razvoja plesni na kontrolnim
mamcima uočeni su već trećeg dana testa. Vrsta osnove kao i veličina frakcija mamka značajno
su uticali na razvoj plesni. Kod mamaka sa kukuruznom osnovom utvrđen je intenzivniji razvoj
plesni kod krupnijih frakcija >1,25 mm za razliku od mamaka sa pšeničnom osnovom gde je
razvoj plesni bio intenzivniji kod manjih čestica <1,25 mm
Unapređenje strategije suzbijanja štetnih glodara: II - Prihvatljivost mamaka sa konzervansom koji su prethodno izlagani nepovoljnim uslovima sredine za jedinke sivog pacova
No full textControl of brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) is an indispensable measure of protection of
human population and domestic animals, aimed at preventing the spread of infectious
diseases, and a measure of protection of goods and commodities that the brown rat
can damage by its presence and activities. Rodent control procedures in environments
with unfavourable conditions, such as high temperature and humidity, may fail due to
reduced bait palatability caused by its degradation. Baits were prepared based on OEPP/
EPPO recommendations, while ECHA recommendation was followed for bait exposure to
unfavourable environmental conditions. Placebo baits were prepared by mixing ground
maize grain and paraffin. Test baits, made by mixing the placebo bait with sorbic acid, were
exposed to unfavourable environmental conditions (temperature 30-35 ⁰C and humidity
90-95%). Brown rats previously captured from a wild population were used as the test
organism. After an acclimation period, the animals were subjected to a four-day choice
feeding test in which they were simultaneously offered placebo and test baits. The average
bait palatability was unchanged, and the palatability of bait containing the preservative was
48.85 %. Furthermore, the preservative had no influence on bait consumption, compared
to baits in the pre-test period, as there was no statistical difference in total amounts of bait
consumed in the tests. The results indicate that 1% sorbic acid can be used as a potentially
good additive to baits that are planned to be used in sewage systems and other areas where
unfavorable environmental conditions prevail and there is a risk of rapid mold development
and bait decay.Suzbijanje sivog pacova (Rattus norvegicus) predstavlja neizostavnu meru zaštite stanovništa
i domaćih životinja sa ciljem sprečavanja prenošenja i širenja zaraznih bolesti kao i meru zaštite
ljudskih dobara od šteta koje sivi pacov može proizvesti svojim prisustvom i aktivnošću. Postupak
kontrole brojnosti glodara u prostoru gde preovladavaju nepovoljni uslovi sredine, kao što su
povišena temperatura i vlažnost, može biti neuspešno zbog smanjene prihvatljivosti mamka
uzrokovane njegovom degradacijom. Priprema mamaka izvedena je u skladu sa preporukom
OEPP/EPPO metode, dok je sam postupak izlaganja mamaka nepovoljnim uslovima sredine
izveden u skladu sa preporukom ECHA. Placebo mamci pripremljeni su mešanjem mlevenog
zrna kukuruza i parafina. Test mamci, pripremljeni mešanjem placebo mamka i sorbinske
kiseline, izlagani su nepovoljnim uslovima sredine (temperatura 30-35 ⁰C i vlažnost vazduha
95-99 %). Kao test organizam korišćene su jedinke sivog pacova, prethodno izlovljene iz divlje
populacije. Nakon perioda adaptacije jedinke su uključene u pre-test u trajanju od četiri dana.
Prosečna prihvatljivost ispitivanog mamka je bila ujednačena, odnosno prihvatljivost mamak
sa dodatkom konzervansa je bila 48,85 %. Utvrđeno je da sorbinska kiselina nema negativnog
uticaja na prihvatljivost mamka. Takođe, konzervans nije uticao ni na konzumaciju mamka u
poređenju sa mamcima iz pre-test perioda s obzirom da se ukupna količina konzumiranog
mamka tokom testa nije statistički razlikovala od količine konzumiranog mamka tokom pretest
perioda. Rezultati ukazuju da se sorbinska kiselina pri sadržaju od 1% može koristiti kao
potencijalno dobar aditiv za pripremu mamaka koji će biti izlagani u kanalizacionim sistemima
i drugim prostorima u kojima preovladaju nepovoljni uslovi sredine i u kojima postoji rizik
od brzog razvoja plesni i degradacije mamka
Rеsistance of Botrytis cinerea from greenhouse-grown tomato in Serbia to QoI fungicides
No full textChem ical control is the main disease management
strategy against gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, in
greenhouse-grown vegetables worldwide, but the problem
lies in pathogens tendency to develop fungicide resistance.
Resistance mechanism to QoI fungicides involves mutations
in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. The aim of this study
was to provide insights into Serbian B. cinerea populations
resistance to QoI fungicides.
The total of 19 isolates was obtained from symptomatic
greenhouse grown tomato leaves and fruits from major
growing areas in Serbia. After DNA extraction (CTAB
protocol), the gene-specific PCR primer pair cytb-BcF/cytb-
BcR was used for amplification of cyt b fragment. PCR-RFLP
assay with restriction enzyme Fnu4HI was used in order to
reveal existence of mutation. Representative QoI-resistant
(R) isolate and QoI-sensitive (S) isolate were chosen for in
vivo assay. Tomato leaves were treated with recommended
application rates of commercial formulations of pyraclostrobin
(1 kg ha 1) and trifloxystrobin (0.2 kg ha 1) and after 3
hours inoculated with spore suspension (106 conidia ml 1).
Nontreated leaves inoculated with spore suspension or
sprayed with sterile water were used as positive and negative
control, respectively. After incubation period (4 days, AT
23o C) presence of disease symptoms was assessed. The primer pair cytb-BcF/cytb-BcR amplified ~560 bp PCR
fragment in all tested isolates. RFLP analysis showed that
88 % of the isolates possess the Fnu4HI restriction site by
producing two bands after digestion. This indicates presence
of G-to-C point mutation resulting in the glycine-to-alanine
substitution on position 143 which is responsible for QoI
resistance. Leaves inoculated with R isolate manifested
typical symptoms of gray mold in positive control and both
fungicide treatments, while leaves inoculated with S isolate
showed symptoms only in positive control.
These findings confirm the presence of B. cinerea QoI-
resistant genotypes in Serbia and represent the starting point
for further research in this field
Macrophomina phaseolina – how a minor sugar beet pathogen caused devastating root rot in Serbia
No full textMacrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid (Botryosphaeriaceae) is a soil-borne pathogen present all across the world, causing stem and root rot, seedling blight or charcoal rot of more than 500 plant species. In sugar beet, M. phaseolina has been reported in California (United States), India, Iran, Egypt, Russia, and some other countries of the former USSR, Greece, and Hungary. In these countries, it is generally considered a minor root rot pathogen of weakened, injured or stressed plants. In Serbia, unmatched to anywhere else in the world, M. phaseolina root rot of sugar beet is of great economic significance. Another important sugar beet disease in Serbia is Rubbery taproot disease (RTD) associated with ′Candidatus Phytoplasma solani′. Observed tendency of RTD-affected sugar beet to rot, has prompted research into the relationship between the two diseases and the correlation between the sugar beet RTD and the presence of M. phaseolina.
Sugar beet roots with charcoal root rot and rubbery taproots without rot as well as asymptomatic ones were collected in three localities in Serbia. All collected samples were submitted to fungal and phytoplasma assessments. Fungal isolation was done on potato dextrose agar (PDA) using standars mycological procedure. All fungal isolates forming dark grey colonies with numerous black sclerotia on PDA were identified as M. phaseolina with M. phaseolina-specific primers (MpTefF/MpTefR). The identity was confirmed through sequence analyses and phylogeny of five loci-internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2, including the 5.8S rRNA gene (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α), actin (ACT), calmodulin (CAL), and β-tubulin (TUB) genes which were amplified using primer pairs ITS1/ITS4, EF1-728F/EF2R, ACT-512F/ACT-783R, CAL-228F/CAL-737R, and T1/Bt2b, respectively. Additional, isolates were morphologically characterized on PDA and pine needle agar (PNA), and colony morphology, growth rate, as well as sclerotia, conidiomata, conidia and microconidia were described. For phytoplasma assessment in collected samples, amplification of the ′Ca. P. solani′-specific stamp gene was performed in nested PCR assay using Stamp-F/R0 and Stamp-F1/R1 primer pairs. M. phaseolina was isolated from sugar beet roots with charcoal root rot, while ′Ca. P. solani′ was detected in sugar beets with rubbery taproots without rot and in all roots with charcoal rot from which M. phaseolina were isolated. No phytoplasma or M. phaseolina was detected in the asymptomatic plants.
The strict correlation of M. phaseolina presence with ′Ca. P. solani′ infection, observed across three locations during open-field assessments, indicates that M. phaseolina did not infect phytoplasma-free sugar beet plants, even under favourable environmental conditions for the pathogen. Our findings suggest that M. phaseolina multiplies yield losses in sugar beet associated with ′Ca. P. solani′ alone. This may explain the discrepancy between reports identifying M. phaseolina as the predominant fungal root pathogen of sugar beet in Serbia versus other regions where it is considered a minor threat. As the result of this investigation the answer was clear: ′Ca. P. solani′ enabled M. phaseolina to cause devastating sugar beet root rot in Serbia
Antiinflamatorni potencijal etarskog ulja iz korena angelike (Angelica archangelica L.) u zavisnosti od primenjenih mera suzbijanja korova
No full textAngelika (Angelica archangelica L.) je lekovita i aromatična biljna vrsta iz familije
štitonoša (Apiaceae) bogata etarskim uljem koje nalazi široku primenu u farmaceutskoj,
kozmetičkoj i industriji alkoholnih pića. S obzirom na to da angelika nalazi primenu u
farmaciji i medicine i da je suzbijanje korova najveći izazov u proizvodnji ove vrste, cilj
rada je bio da se utvrdi uticaj različith mera suzbijanja korova na hemijski sastav etarskog
ulja iz korena angelike i njegovo potencijalno antiinflamatorno delovanje. Ogled je
obuhvatao primenu šest tretmana u cilju suzbijanja korova u zasadu angelike i to: dva
sintetička malča (agrotekstilnu vodopropusnu malč foliju i srebrno-braon malč foliju), dva
organska malča (piljevinu i slamu), dva herbicida (a.s. aklonifen i a.s. metamitron) uz dve
kontrole (redovno ručno plevljena i zakorovljena). Nakon hidrodestilacije u Klevendžer
aparaturi u cilju dobijanja etarskog ulja iz korena angelike, identifikacija pojedinačnih
komponenti urađena je na gasno-masenom spektrometru. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da
su dominantne komponente etarskog ulja α-pinen (7.8–17.2%) i β-felandren (6.7–17.2%)
uz δ-3-karen (4.2–14.1%) i p-cimen (6.4–10.5%). Prethodna istraživanja su već
dokumentovala da pomenute četiri najdominantnije komponente ovog ulja poseduju
potencijalno antiinflamatorno delovanje. Pomoću in silico molekularnog modelovanja
došlo se do potencijalnog mehanizma delovanja α-pinena, β-felandrena i p-cimena.
Pored pomenutih, komponenta ostol, koja je najvećoj meri bila prisutna u redovno
plevljenoj kontroli, takođe ispoljava potencijalno antiinflamatorno delovanje. Tretiranje herbicidima dovelo je do značajnije akumulacije α-pinena u ulju, dok je β-felandren bio
najdominantnije prisutan u uljima iz tretmana sa slamom. Na osnovu rezultata može se
zaključiti da primena organskih malčeva, posebno piljevine, rezultira akumulacijom
najveće količine etarskog ulja u korenu angelike, dok slama kao malč dovodi do
akumulacije najvećeg broja komponenti sa antiinflamatornim potencijalom
Application of Bacillus spp. in plant protection and growth promotion of cereals
No full textThe research objective is the application of new bacterial isolates as an alternative to chemical
pesticides for controlling plant diseases caused by Fusarium spp., aiming to reduce reliance on
conventional interventions, minimize environmental impacts, thus fostering a shift towards
environmentally friendly plant disease management strategies. In this study, the effects of four
Bacillus spp. (BHC 2.3, BHC 2.4, BHC 4.5, BHC 4.7) isolated from two soil samples on
suppressing F. poae, F. proliferatum, F. oxysporum and F. graminearum, as well as their effect
on seed germination (wheat, oat and barley) during the fungal infection were determined. Basic
chemical analyses of soil samples used for bacterial isolation and plant growth promoting
experiments were performed. Antifungal activity of isolates was tested in vitro on PDA medium,
seed germination test was performed in Petri dishes on filter paper, while the ability of isolates to
promote plant growth under semi-controlled conditions was also tested. Inhibition of mycelial
growth of F. poae was 15% to 20% (for isolate BHC 4.7 and BHC 4.5, respectively). Seed
germination test indicated the effectiveness of seed inoculation by selected bacterial isolates. In
the case of infected seeds, germination percentage was up to 80% (wheat) and up to 90% (barley
and oat), without bacterial inoculation. On the other hand, germination percentage for infected
seeds inoculated by all four applied isolates was increased (up to 75%). Results of the
experiment performed under semi-controlled conditions showed that bacterial isolate BHC 4.5
had the best overall effect on the shoot length of all used cereals. The results of this study
indicate the potential of different Bacillus spp. soil isolates for formulating new biofertilizers to
be used in plant protection and plant growth promotion of cereals