RIPEST - Repository of the Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection
Not a member yet
1022 research outputs found
Sort by
Letalni i subletalni efekti buprofezina na parazitoida bele leptiraste vaši Encarsia formosa Gahan
No full textAcute toxicity of a buprofezin-based product (commercial product Elisa 440 SC) to pupae of the whitefly parasitoid Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), and its effects on life history traits and population growth in F1 generation of a commercial strain ("Dutch" strain, D) and two local populations from Serbia (Bujanovac, B; Negotin, N) were examined in laboratory bioassays. All trials were carried out at 27±1°C temperature and 60±10% relative humidity, and under 16/8 h daylight/darkness photoperiod in four replications. In an acute toxicity bioassay, tobacco leaves carrying parasitoid pupae (20 pupae per replicate) were treated with a series of buprofezin concentrations covering a 10-90% mortality range, and mortality was calculated based on the number of emerging adults 9 days after treatment. The following LC50 (mg/l) estimates were obtained: 244.2, 281.5 and 199.5 (for B, N and D, respectively). The product based on buprofezin, applied to parasitoid pupae at concentrations within the LC50s and 95% confidence limits (264 mg/l for B and N; 220 mg/l for D), significantly prolonged the duration of juvenile development (2, 1.7 and 2.2 days for B, N and D, respectively, compared to control data). Females from all tested populations that emerged from the treated pupae and were exposed to the residual action of buprofezin lived shorter than control females (B, N and D by 1.5, 0.7 and 1.7 days, respectively). Also, females that emerged from the treated pupae achieved a significantly reduced level of parasitism (B, N and D by 11.7, 17.7 and 17.6 %, respectively), total adult emergence (B, N and D by 11.6, 17.8 and 17.8 %, respectively) and instantaneous rate of increase (B, N and D by 8.2, 6.8 and 12.5 %, respectively), compared to control. More precise determination of risks involved in the use of buprofezin requires its more detailed field testing.Akutna toksičnosti preparata na bazi buprofezina (komercijalni produkt Elisa 440 SC) po stadijum lutke parazitoida Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) i efekti na parametre životne istorije i populacioni rast preživelih ženki parazitoida komercijalizovane ("Dutch" rase, D) i dve lokalne populacije iz Srbije (Bujanovac, B; Negotin, N) utvrđivani su u laboratorijskim uslovima. Svi ogledi su izvedeni na temperaturi 27±1°C i relativnoj vlažnosti vazduha od 60±10%, uz fotoperiod 16:8h, u četiri ponavljanja. U biotestu akutne toksičnosti, listovi duvana sa lutkama parazitoida (20 lutki po ponavljanju) tretirani su serijom simetrično raspoređenih koncentracija buprofezina, u rasponu koji pokriva 10-90% smrtnosti, i smrtnost je utvrđivana na osnovu broja eklodiranih adulta iz tretiranih lutki, devet dana nakon tretmana. U testovima akutne toksičnosti dobijene su sledeće srednje letalne koncentracije: 244.2, 281.5 and 199.5 (za B, N i D, respektivno). Preparat na bazi buprofezina, primenjen direktno na lutke parazitoida, u srednjim letalnim koncentracijama (264 mg/l za B i N; 220 mg/l za D), kod svih ispitivanih populacija značajno je umanjio preživljavanje ženki iz tretiranih lutki, produžio dužinu juvenilnog razvića (za 2, 1.7 i 2.2 dana, za B, N i D, respektivno), redukovao ukupni parazitizam ženki (za 11.7, 17.7 i 17.6 % za B, N i D, respektivno), ukupnu pojavu adulta ženki (11.6, 17.8 i 17.8 % za B, N i D, respektivno) i statistički značajno redukovao trenutnu stopu rasta ženki (za 8.2, 6.8 i 12.5 % za B, N i D, respektivno), u odnosu na kontrolu. Tačna determinacija rizika primene ovog preparata, zahteva njegovo dalje testiranje u poljskim uslovima
Štete na ukrasnim biljkama od puževa trava (Vallonia Riso)
No full textU radu su prikazani podaci o štetnosti puževa trava (Vallonidae) u Srbiji.
Ova grupa puževa je periodično štetna, ali je u primenjenom smislu neistražena
u Evropi. U poslednje dve decenije nekoliko puta je registrovana
štetnost vrsta Vallonia excentrica Sterki 1893 i V. pulchella (O.F.Müller
1774), na različitim vrstama ukrasnih biljka u Srbiji, ali nije pravovremeno
izvršena odgovarajuća procena šteta. Nedavne štete na rezanom cveću u
zaštićenom prostoru, prvi put su omogućile objektivno sagledavanje uzroka
i obima šteta, kao i utvrđivanje porekla puževa trava u lejama. Ovom
prilikom je prvi put uočena agregacija puževa i štete na korenu napadnutih
biljaka. U radu se navode morfološke i biološke osobine valonija, kao i
zoogeografski podaci. Pored toga, razmatraju se moguće tehnike suzbijanja
i daju preporuke za sprovođenje odgovarajućih mera
Efekti spinosada na pasuljevog žiška Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)
No full textŽižak, Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) spada u grupu najdestruktivnijih
štetočina, a pored pasulja u skladištu napada bob i druge leguminoze, čije larve, izgrizajući unutrašnjost zrna, za
kratko vreme mogu da prouzrokuju velike ekonomske gubitke. S obzirom na to da se za suzbijanje ove štetne vrste pretežno koriste sintetisani insekticidi, cilj ovog rada bio je da se u laboratoriji ispitaju efekti spinosada, insekticida
prirodnog porekla, na pasuljevog žiška na gradištancu kao sorti pasulja koja se najčešće gaji i skladišti u Srbiji. Efekti
spinosada na jedinke laboratorijske populacije pasuljevog žiška su ispitivani u skladu sa OEPP/EPPO metodama, na
temperaturi 25±1°C i relativnoj vlažnosti vazduha 60±5%, na tretiranom pasulju u zrnu, na depozitima starosti 0, 7,
14 i 30 dana. Pasulj je tretiran spinosadom u količini od 1 mg a.s/kg zrna, dok je na pasulj namenjen kontroli naneta
voda, tako što je u posude sa po 50 g zrna pasulja ubacivano po 10 žižaka starosti do 24 h, u 8 ponavljanja. Posle 2,
7 i 14 dana izlaganja, bez oporavka i posle sedam dana oporavka, beležen je broj preživelih jedinki, zatim uticaj
spinosada na produkciju potomstva, kao i nivo štete koju žišci prouzrokuju na zrnima pasulja. Posle dva i sedam
dana izlaganja A. obtectus u pasulju na svim starostima depozita (0-30 dana) je utvrñeno da imaga mogu da prežive
prisustvo spinosada na tretiranom pasulju, dok posle 14 dana izlaganja nije bilo preživelih jedinki na depozitima
starosti 0 i 7 dana ili je preživljavanje bilo vrlo malo (2,5 i 3,75%, na depozitima starosti 14 i 30 dana, respektivno). U
svim varijantama testiranja je na pasulju tretiranom spinosadom utvrñena potpuna redukcija potomstva, 100%, što
pokazuje da ženke u prisustvu ovog insekticida odlažu ili prestaju da polažu jaja. Takoñe, u pasulju tretiranom
spinosadom nije bilo oštećenih zrna, dok je u kontroli oštećenje bilo u rasponu od 2,1 do 32,2%, uz gubitak mase
zrna od 0,1 do 8,7%. Insekticid spinosad zbog svojih osobina i efekata na pasuljevog žiška može uspešno da se
primeni kao deo programa integralne zaštite pasulja u skladištu, ali i u okviru organske proizvodnje pasulja.XII Symposium of Entomologists of Serbia with international participation - Book of Abstracts
Niš, Univerzitet u Nišu 25-29. IX 2019.
Niš, University of Niš 25-29th IX 201
The effects of water extracts of Xeranthemum cylindraceum Sibth. et Sm. on seed germination of three weed species
No full textThe present study focused on inhibitory effects of water extracts of flowers, leaves, stems and
roots of Xeranthemum cylindraceum Sibth. et Sm. on the total germination percentage,
germination rate and germination rate index of chickweed (Stellaria media [L.] Vill.),
common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.).
Water extracts were made by soaking 10 g of plant biomass in 100 ml of distilled water on a
shaker for 24 h. Batches of 50 (A. artemisifolia and S. media) or 30 (A. theophrasti) seeds
were germinated in 0%, 10%, 20% and 50% extract solutions in three replicates. The extract
of X. cylindraceum flower did not affect the germination percentage of test species but it did
affect the germination rate and germination rate index of all three species. The highest
concentration of leaf extract significantly reduced chickweed germination percentage, while it
had no corresponding inhibitory activity on the other two species. Its 10% concentration even
stimulated the germination of A. theophrasti seeds. Leaf extracts had inhibitory effects on the
germination rate and germination rate index of all three species. Stem extract of X.
cylindraceum had no effect on any germination parameter of common ragweed seeds.
However, it had inhibitory effect on the germination rate and germination rate index of
chickweed, and on germination rate of velvetleaf. Root extract acted inhibitory on all three
germination parameters of chickweed seeds, and on the germination rate of velvetleaf. It had
no inhibitory activity on the seeds of common rageweed. Based on available literature, the
present study is the first to show that Xeranthemum cylindraceum has allelopathic properties
Carbamate insecticides extraction depending on the soil properties
No full textThe influence of physic-chemical properties of soils on retention of insecticides belonging to
carbamate pesticides was studied. The recoveries determination was done in three soils for all
pesticides applying QuEChERS method. Identification and quantification were done by LC-
MS/MS. Except methiocarb, recovery values for multiple analysis of different soil samples
spiked at 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg of each of the pesticides ranged from 70.2 to 109.1%. The
statistical analyses emphasized high statistical differences among pesticides and obtained
recoveries.Szeged, Hungary, October 7-8, 201
Genetic layout and genetic structure of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum from Serbia
No full textTrialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), a haplo-diploid sap
feeding insect species, is a vector of many plant viruses and a serious polyphagous pest of
greenhouse-grown vegetables and ornamental plants worldwide. To explore the populations
of this pest and recognize potential invasion routes, the genetic diversity and genetic structure
of T. vaporariorum from Serbia were analysed using six microsatellite loci. PCR multiplex
conditions were optimized and tested using 88 T. vaporariorum females collected from
natural populations in 10 sampling locations in Serbia: Apatin (AP), Beograd (BG), Kovin (KO),
Negotin (NE), Pirot (PI), Smederevska Palanka (SP), Subotica (SU), Svilajnac (SV), Trbušan (TR)
and Vranjska Banja (VB). Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.105 to 0.796, deviations of
the frequency of genotypes from the expected Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were detected in
all populations. The values of the Fst parameters ranged from 0.011 between populations of
AP and SU, up to 0.286 among the SV and BG populations. The obtained results for Fst values
were used to explore genetic structure using several analyzes: PAST, Principal Coordinate
Analysis – PCoA and SAMOVA. The analyzed T. vaporariorum populations were grouped in
three distinct genetic clusters based on these population-genetic analyses: (1) BG, (2) AP,
KO, SP, TR, VB and SU, and (3) SV, NE and PI. Also, BOTTLENECK identified reductions in
effective size of SP population in the recent past and the significant heterozygosity deficiency
was detected in the four populations VB, SU, BG and NE. These results demonstrate that
populations of T. vaporariorum in Serbia show significant genetic differentiation, indicating
the likelihood of multiple introductions of this important pest into Serbia, as well as the
influence of crop protection and pest management on their genetic variability
Effects of biological agents on Fusarium avenaceum, the causal agent of apple fruit rot
No full textThe quality of apple fruits can be affected by many factors during storage, and phytopathogenic
fungi are among the most important. Fusarium avenaceum and F. graminearum are increasingly detected
on stored apple fruits as causal agents of Fusarium apple fruit rot in Serbia. Besides causing
economic losses, these species can also contaminate apple fruits and fruit products with mycotoxins.
Post-harvest use of synthetic fungicides is not allowed in Serbia and there is a need for effective,
liable alternative methods against causal agents of apple fruit rot in storage. In this trial, antifungal activity of Bacillus species complex (commercially available microbiological
fertilizer) applied at concentration rates of 1% and 5%, and of metabolites produced by
Streptomyces hygroscopicus applied at 5% and 100% concentration rate, was evaluated against F.
avenaceum on apple fruits (cv. Golden Delicious). In previous in vitro trials, both tested agents exhibited
significant inhibition of F. avenaceum mycelial growth. Metabolites of S. hygroscopicus were
produced by cultivation for three days in a liquid medium composed of glucose, soybean meal,
CaCO3, NaCl, MgSO4, (NH4)2HPO4 and K2HPO4, at 26 ± 1 °C, in a shaker at 150 rpm, under conditions
of spontaneous aeration. After incubation, the culture was centrifuged for 10 minutes at 10,000 g
and the obtained supernatant was used in the trial. Apple fruits were surface-sterilized, injured with
a cork borer and 2 μl of prepared solutions of biological agent/metabolites was added into wounds.
Control fruits were treated with sterile distilled water. After 10 minutes, the fruits were artificially inoculated
with 7-days old mycelial plugs (Ø 3 mm) of F. avenaceum. Inoculated fruits were incubated
in wet plastic chambers at room temperature for 10 days. After incubation, necrosis development
was measured and compared to untreated control. Although Bacillus spp. applied at concentration
of 1% significantly inhibited necrosis development (necrosis diameter 19,75 mm) compared to control
(32.12 mm), this inhibition was significantly lower compared to the higher applied concentration
of the same agent (5%) (9.25 mm), as well as both concentrations of S. hygroscopicus metabolites.
S. hygroscopicus metabolites exhibited the same inhibitory effect applied at lower (5%) and higher
concentrations (100%), 8.00 and 8.06 mm respectively. The results indicate high potential of S. hygroscopicus
metabolites use in control of fusarium apple rot and concentrations below 5% should also
be tested to determine minimum effective concentration for this agent.
It can be concluded that tested biological agents have potential as biological tools against causal
agent of Fusarium fruit rot which could be used post-harvest in order to maintain quality of fruits
and prevent losses that can occur during storage.VIII КОНГРЕСС ПО ЗАЩИТЕ РАСТЕНИЙ: Интегрированная защита растений для устойчивого растительного
производства и лесного хозяйства - Сборник тезисов
November 25-29, 2019, Zlatibor, Serbia
25-29 ноября 2019 года, Златибор, Серби
Two new records of predatory mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in Bosnia and Herzegovina
No full textDespite their importance as potential biological control agents, only two species of family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) have so far been recorded in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Euseius finlandicus (Oudemans) and Phytoseius macropilis (Banks). Here, we report native populations of Amblyseius andersoni (Chant), a widely used predator in biological control programs around the world, and Neoseiulella tuberculatus (Wainstein), from Bosnia and Herzegovina. These species are briefly re-described and illustrated based on female specimens, as some morphological features show small variations. Dorsal setae z4, used to separate species groups in Amblyseius, are somewhat longer in Bosnian specimens of A. andersoni than those of previous reports. The length of this seta is as long as 2/3 distance between its base and that of setae s4. In addition, asymmetry is observed in a female specimen of N. tuberculatus in terms of insertion of pre-anal setae ZV2 (out of shield in right side). Setae J2, Z1, Z4, Z5, S2, S4, and S5 arise on very small tubercules in the specimen of N. tuberculatus
Toksičnost različitih etarskih ulja za Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr, glavnog prouzrokovača raka kore kestena
No full textTwenty-two essential oil samples from Germany and Albania were assayed to test their inhibitory and fungicidal activity against Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr., the major causal agent of chestnut blight on chestnut trees, using the fumigant macrodilution method. Test concentrations of the oils in air phase were: 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16 and 0.32 μl ml-1, and minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations were determined. The strongest activity was shown by two samples of mint oil from Germany and Albania, and black pine at the concentration of 0.02 μl ml-1 of air for both test isolates (M1 and 4S). The tested plant essential oils also included: eucalyptus, sage, silver fir and cade. Only three samples of EOs (mint (2) and black pine) were lethal to both isolates. Sage and silver fir oils were more toxic to the M1 isolate, while cade and eucalyptus oils were more toxic to the 4S isolate. Fifteen oils: mint (2), black pine, cade, eucalyptus, silver fir, sage, pine (4), oregano, lavender, and rosemary (2), inhibited the growth of Cryphonectria parasitica, and seven oils (two samples of mint, eucaliptus, black pine, sage, silver fir and cade) showed fungicidal effects on the pathogen.Primenom makrodilucione fumigantne metode ispitana je inhibitorna i fungicidna aktivnost 22 uzorka etarskih ulja iz Nemačke i Albanije za Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr, prouzrokovača raka kore kestena. Efikasnost etarskih ulja testirana je na različitim koncentracijama (0,02, 0,04, 0,08, 0,16 i 0,32 μl ml-1 vazdušne faze) i na osnovu njih su određene minimalne inhibitorne i fungicidne koncentracije. Najjače dejstvo ispoljila su dva uzorka etarskog ulja nane i etarsko ulje crnog bora, sa minimalnim inhibitornim i fungicidnim koncentracijama od 0,02 μl ml-1 vazdušne faze za oba testirana izolata (M1 i 4S), zatim etarska ulja eukaliptusa, jele, žalfije i crvene kleke. Samo tri etarska ulja (dva uzorka nane i crni bor) bila su letalna za oba izolata. Etarska ulja žalfije i jele bila su toksičnija za izolat M1, dok su etarska ulja eukaliptusa i crvene kleke bila toksičnija za izolat 4S. Petnaest od 22 ispitivana uzorka etarskih ulja ispoljila su inhibitorni efekat: dva uzorka nane, crvena kleka, eukaliptus, crni bor, lavanda, žalfija, jela, tri uzorka bora, origano i dva uzorka ruzmarina, dok je sedam etarskih ulja ispoljilo i fungicidni efekat (dva uzorka nane, eukaliptus, crni bor, žalfija, jela i crvena kleka)
Electronic nose for pesticides: the first study towards a smart analysis
No full textWithin a project co-funded by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the final aim of which is to develop a WSN for
smart monitoring of pesticides on agricultural land, the Italian and Serbian researchers have developed a hardware
section of an electronic nose for pesticides. Since there are no specialized sensors which can smell the presence or
absence of pesticides in the air, the electronic nose has been designed starting from an array of commercial gas
sensors developed for other environmental applications. These sensors have a great advantage as they are COTS
components. A measurement bench for testing the performance of the system has also been developed. Experimental
tests have been conducted and the results have demonstrated the appropriateness of the idea. A test for calibration
has been designed, as well, and it will be performed in the near future