RIPEST - Repository of the Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection
Not a member yet
1022 research outputs found
Sort by
Sensitivity and efficacy of the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fluxapyroxad, against raspberry spur blight fungus Didymella applanata
No full textDidymella applanata, the causal agent of raspberry spur blight, is a destructive plant pathogen that can cause serious reductions in total yield. The use of fungicides plays a crucial role in successful control of the pathogen. The sensitivity of 94 isolates (66 collected during 2013 and 28 in 2017) of D. applanata to the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, fluxapyroxad, was evaluated in this study. In addition, the efficacy of fluxapyroxad in raspberry spur blight control in the field was determined. The isolates tested in this study showed different sensitivity to fluxapyroxad in vitro. The EC50 values of total number of isolates tested were ranged from 0.82 to 5.92 mu gml(-1). The ranges of EC50 values for the isolates varied between the localities where the isolates originated from and also the year of isolation. The mean EC50 values in the group of isolates obtained in 2013 were 1.95 mu gml(-1)+/- 0.81 (0.82 to 4.05 mu gml(-1)), while the EC50 values for those isolated in 2017 were ranged from 1.16 to 5.78 mu gml(-1) (mean=3.24 mu gml(-1)+/- 1.38). The efficacy trials were conducted during 2017 and 2018 in a commercial raspberry field at two locations in western part of Serbia. Applied in both concentration rates 0.02 and 0.03% of the formulated product (0.006 and 0.009% of a.i.), fluxapyroxad showed a very high efficacy in spur blight control in practical condition
Phenolic compounds and allelopathic potential of fermented and unfermented wheat and corn straw extracts
No full textTotal phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) content, individual phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of wheat and corn straw were determined. Germination bioassay was conducted with Abutilon theophrasti Medik., Asclepias syriaca L., and Chenopodium album L. seed. Samples were fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum and changes in TPC, TFC, antioxidant, and biological activity were investigated. TPC and TFC were significant in both samples and after fermentation their recovery was improved. All samples contain mainly quercetin, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid. Fermentation changed the content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, differently in each case. All tested extracts showed high DPPH activity with IC50 being significantly lower for fermented samples. FRAP activity was also high. Crude straw extracts were overall more effective than fermented ones concerning inhibition of germination and seedlings growth, mainly without statistically significant differences between wheat and corn. Compared with mesotrione, extracts were more effective in germination and seedling growth inhibition of C. album and in seedling growth inhibition of A. theophrasti
Neki aspekti uticaja pesticida i đubriva na nutritivnu vrednost i druge karakteristike gajenih biljaka
No full textWe surveyed different aspects of the application of agrochemicals (pesticides and foliar non-standard fertilizers) on the nutritive value and other non-yield characteristics of crop plants. The survey was based on results of our own trials and studies conducted by other researchers. Various parameters of plant and seedling growth, and yield, were analyzed, as well as the chemical composition, and energetic and thermodynamic parameters of plants in order to better assess the impact of these agrochemicals on crops. The application of various agrochemicals has been found to affect the germination of seeds produced by treated plants. The most significant and most diverse results have been obtained by analyzing the yield and yield components of many different crops (field crops, fruits, vegetables), as well as their chemical composition (mineral elements, different sugars, secondary metabolites, etc.) in terms of improving their nutritive quality. It was found that in maize seedlings it occurs by changing the content of various elements, as well as polyphenol profiles and thermodynamic parameters, and the effects did not only depend on the dosage of agrochemicals but also on maize genotype. We also found that agrochemicals affected the energetic and thermodynamic parameters of individual maize plants, as well as the parameters of plant growth and yield. It was noticed that these agrochemicals greatly affected the content of microelements, starch and crude proteins in maize and barley, sugar and polyphenol contents in various fruit trees and soybean. We noted that in certain agroecological situations these agrochemicals have led to spectacular magnification of yields of different crops, but there were also situations when they did not have any positive effect on crop yield, which is discussed also in the context of results of other researchers.Analizirali smo različite aspekte primene agrohemikalija (pesticida i folijarnih nestandardnih đubriva) na hranjivu vrednost i ostale karakteristike useva, pored prinosa. Istraživanje je zasnovano na rezultatima našeg i rezultatima ispitivanja drugih istraživača. Analizirani su različiti parametri rasta biljaka i sadnica i njihov prinos, kao i hemijski sastav, a takođe i energetski i termodinamički parametri biljaka, kako bi se bolje procenio uticaj ispitivanih agrohemikalija na useve. Pre svega, utvrđeno je da primena različitih agrohemikalija utiče na klijanje semena koje proizvode tretirane biljke. Najznačajniji i najraznolikiji rezultati dobijeni su analizom prinosa i komponenata prinosa mnogih različitih kultura (useva, voća, povrća), kao i njihovog hemijskog sastava (mineralnih elemenata, različitih šećera, sekundarnih metabolita, itd.) u smislu poboljšanja nutritivnog kvaliteta. Takođe je utvrđeno da u biljkama kukuruza dolazi do promene sadržaja različitih elemenata, zatim polifenolnih profila, kao i termodinamičkih parametara, pri čemu taj efekat ne zavisi samo od doziranja agrohemikalija, već i od genotipa kukuruza. Takođe smo otkrili da agrohemikalije utiču na energetske i termodinamičke parametre pojedinih biljaka kukuruza, kao i na parametre rasta i prinosa biljke. Primećeno je da ove agrohemikalije izuzetno utiču na sadržaj mikroelemenata, skroba i sirovih proteina u kukuruzu i ječmu, šećera i polifenola u raznim voćkama, kao i u soji, pri čemu napominjemo da su u nekim agroekološkim situacijama ove agrohemikalije dovele do spektakularnih uvećanja prinosa različitih kultura, ali bilo je i situacija kada nisu imale pozitivnog efekta na prinos, o čemu će biti reči, takođe u kontekstu rezultata drugih istraživača
Alelopatski uticaj invazivnih korovskih vrsta Abutilon theophrtasti Medik., Ambrosia artemisiifolia Medic., Datura stramonium L. i Xanthium strumarium L. na paradajz
No full textAbutilon theophrasti Medik, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Datura stramonium L. and Xanthium strumarium L. are four well-known invasive weed species that are widespread in many crops. Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the allelopathic effects of decomposition products of these four invasive weeds on seed germination and early seedling growth of tomato. The results of the study showed that decomposition products obtained from A. theophrasti, A. artemisiifolia, D. stramonium and X. strumarium had different allelopathic impacts on germination and seedling growth of tomato. The degree of inhibition or stimulation depended on weed species and type of decomposition product. Root decomposition products of all species except X. strumarium decreased the early growth of tomato (2-37%). X. strumarium had only stimulating effect on early growth of tomato (1-86%). Also, the results showed that leaves of the other three invasive weed species had stimulating effects on early growth of tomato (1-53%). Hence, the allelopathic potential of X. strumarium, as well as the leaf decomposition products of the other three invasive weed species could be used to develop an appropriate technology to improve tomato production.Abutilon theophrasti, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Datura stramonium i Xanthium strumarium su četiri dobro poznate invazivne korovske vrste koje su rasprostranjene u mnogim usevima. Alelopatski uticaj ova četiri invazivna korova na klijanje i rani porast klijanaca paradajza praćen je u laboratorijskim ogledima. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da proizvodi raspadanja koji su dobijeni od A. theophrasti, A. artemisiifolia, D. stramonium i X. strumarium imaju različit alelopatski uticaj za paradajz i da je stepen ispoljene inhibicije ili stimulacije zavisio od vrste korova i proizvoda raspadanja. Proizvodi raspadanja korena svih vrsta, izuzev X. strumarium, su smanjili rani porast paradajza (2-37%). X. strumarium je imao samo stimulativni efekat (1-86%), kao i proizvodi raspadanja listova ostale tri korovske (1-53%). Smatramo, da bi se alelopatski potencijal vrste X. strumarium, kao i proizvoda raspadanja listova ostale tri vrste mogao iskoristiti za poboljšanje tehnologije proizvodnje paradajza
Uticaj treatiranja pokrivke biofungicidom na bazi Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 na suzbijanje zelene plesni i prinos šampinjona
No full textThe impact of a biofungicide based on Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 on mushroom yield and efficacy in suppression of Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum T77 from Serbia was estimated in comparision with a similar microbial fungicide, Bacillus velezensis QST713, and the chemical fungicide prochloraz manganese. The biofungicide B. velezensis QST713 is registered for treatments of mushrooms and other crops in many countries but it is not currently available on the Serbian market. The tested B. subtilis Ch-13 fungicide enhanced mushroom yield 12%, compared with an uninoculated control, and notably more than B. velezensis QST713 applied at its higher test concentrations. Regarding the efficacy of the biofungicides in control of the compost pathogen T. aggressivum f. europaeum, B. subtilis Ch-13 applied in concentration of 3 × 108 CFU per m2 showed higher efficacy than the higher concentrations (5 × 109 and 1 × 1010 CFU per m2) of B. velezensis QST713. The biofungicide based on B. subtilis Ch-13 should be further investigated regarding its different modes of application to ensure better efficacy in disease control as it showed beneficial features in both promoting A. bisporus production and suppressing the growth of the aggressive compost pathogen T. aggressivum, the causal agent of devastating green mould disease.Biofungicid na bazi Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 odabran je za procenu uticaja na prinos šampinjona i efikasnost u suzbijanju Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum T77 iz Srbije u poređenju sa sličnim mikrobiološkim fungicidom na bazi Bacillus velezensis QST713 i fungicidom prohloraz manganom. Biofungicid B. velezensis QST713 je registrovan u šampinjonima i drugim usevima u mnogim državama, ali nije dostupan na tržištu Sribje. Testirani B. subtilis Ch-13 je povećao prinos šampinjona 12% u poređenju sa neinokulisanom kontrolom i u značajno većoj meri od B. velezensis QST713 primenjenog u većim koncentracijama. U određivanju efikasnosti biofungicida u suzbijanju kompostnog patogena T. aggressivum f. europaeum, B. subtilis Ch-13 primenjen u koncentraciji 3 × 108 CFU po m2, ispoljio je veću efikasnost od B. velezensis QST713 primenjenog u većim koncentracijama (5 × 109 i 1 × 1010 CFU po m2). Biofungicid na bazi B. subtilis Ch-13 bi trebalo dalje testirati i proučiti različite načine njegove primene da bi se uspostavila veća efikasnost u suzbijanju patogena jer je pokazao značajne osobine u pospešivanju prinosa A. bisporus i zaštiti od agresivnog patogena iz komposta T. aggressivum, prouzrokovača zelene plesni šampinjona
Risk assessment on pig farms and interaction of CCP and frequency Rattus norvegicus
No full textRisk assessment on pig farms aims to determine the presence, spreading and influence of Rattus
norvegicus on pig health, identifying certain important points in the technological process and on
different locations designated as CCPs. Thresholds in assessment criteria are defined for these
points, considering animal welfare and initial rodent control data. Gray rat (Rattus norvegicus), is
a synanthropic rodent species and a regular inhabitant of pig housing facilities. The present study
assessed animal health risks, and identified critical control points (CCPs) in production facilities.
The criteria for risk assessment were: pig feeding and watering, maintenance, animal health,
behaviour and risk assessment records.
The results show a close association between the number of identified CCPs and the number of
trapped animals (20 CCPs and 29 trapped rats in facility A, and 9 CCPs and 7 rats in facility B).April 07th – 12th, 2019, Kladovo, Serbi
Macrosiphoniella helichrysi (Hemiptera: Aphididae), potential pest of immortelle in Serbia
No full textNova vrsta insekta za faunu Srbije, vaš smilja-Macrosiphoniella helichrysi Remaudière 1952 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) nađena je u Zemunu. To je monoecična oligofagna vrsta koja tokom vegetacije ne menja biljku domaćina, a kolonije osim na smilju formira i na drugim vrstama roda Helichrysum. Razviće M. helichrysi je anholociklično, u kolonijama se nalaze beskrilne i krilate viviparne partenogenetske ženke. Ovaj insekt pričinjava štete smilju u Hercegovini i zato treba obratiti pažnju na njegovo prisustvo u zasadima smilja u Srbiji.New insect species for the fauna of Serbia has been found on immortelle in Zemun; it is the immortelle aphid - Macrosiphoniella helichrysi Remaudière 1952 (Hemiptera: Aphididae). The aphid is monoecious oligophagous species, living without host alternation on a few Helichrysum plants. All over the world this aphid is anholocyclic, which has been proved in Zemun, and only apterous and winged viviparous parthenogentic females have been found. M. helichrysi is reported to be a pest on immortelle in Hercegovina and its presence on immortelle fields in Serbia need special attention
UV-C light irradiation enhances toxic effects of chlorpyrifos and its formulations
No full textUV-C irradiation is widely used in the food industry. However, the health effects from dietary exposure to the irradiated pesticide residues retained in foodstuffs are underestimated. In this study, technical chlorpyrifos (TCPF) and its oil in water (EW) and emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulations were irradiated by UV-C, and their photodegradation products were subjected to toxicity assessment, including determination of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress using human blood cells as a model system. Toxicity studies were performed using the chlorpyrifos concentrations in the range of those proposed as the maximum residue levels in plant commodities. TCPF, EW and EC photodegradation products induced DNA damage and oxidative stress, and their genotoxicity did not decrease as a function of irradiation time. Irradiated TCPF and EC are more potent AChE inhibitors than irradiated EW. Accordingly, the application of UV-C irradiation must be considered when processing the plants previously treated with chlorpyrifos formulations.Peer-reviewed manuscript: [https://ripest.pesting.org.rs/handle/123456789/566
Conventional and real-time PCR assays for detection and identification of Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-2, the causal agent of root rot of sugar beet
No full textSmatra se da su gljive iz roda Rhizoctonia koje se održavaju u zemljištu, najdestruktivniji patogeni šećerne repe. Mada je širom sveta višejedarna R. solani AG-2-2 najčešće označena kao najvažniji prouzrokovač truleži korena šećerne repe, nekoliko dvojedarnih (AG-A, AG-E i AG-K) kao i višejedarnih Rhizoctonia (R. solani AG-4, AG-5 i AG-8) takođe mogu da učestvuju u kompleksu bolesti. Kako se održavaju u zemljištu i imaju širok krug domaćina, suzbijanje vrsta Rhizoctonia koje izazivaju trulež korena šećerne repe veoma je zahtevno. Identifikacija anastomoznih grupa prouzrokovača oboljenja predstavlja neophodan prvi korak u uspostavljanju uspešnog suzbijanja. U ovom radu razvijen je visokospecifičan i osetljiv real-time PCR protokol za detekciju i identifikaciju R. solani AG-2-2 koji se pokazao kao visokospecifičan nakon testiranja koja su obuhvatila 10 različitih AG grupa i podgrupa, uključujući i AG-2-1 kao najsrodniju. Sličan konvencionalni PCR protokol ispoljio je istu specifičnost, ali i najmanje 100 × manju osetljivost. Buduća istraživanja uključiće dalje testiranje i adaptaciju ovog protokola za direktnu detekciju i kvantifikaciju R. solani AG-2-2 u različitim uzorcima, uključujući biljno tkivo i zemljište.Soil-borne fungi belonging to the genus Rhizoctonia are considered to be among the most destructive sugar beet pathogens. Although multinucleate R. solani AG-2-2 is frequently detected as the main causal agent of root rot of sugar beet worldwide, several binucleate (AG-A, AG-E and AG-K) and multinucleate Rhizoctonia (R. solani AG-4, AG-5 and AG-8) have also been included in the disease complex. Due to their soil-borne nature and wide host range, the management of Rhizoctonia root rot of sugar beet is highly demanding. Identification of Rhizoctonia AG associated with root rot of sugar beet is the essential first step in determining a successful disease management strategy. In this paper we report a highly specific and sensitive real-time PCR protocol for detection of R. solani AG-2-2 which showed a high level of specificity after testing against 10 different anastomosis groups and subgroups, including AG-2-1 as the most closely related. Moreover, a similar conventional PCR assay showed the same specificity but proved to be at least a 100 times less sensitive. Future research will include further testing and adaptation of this protocol for direct detection and quantification of R. solani AG-2-2 in different substrates, including plant tissue and soil samples
UV-C light irradiation enhances toxic effects of chlorpyrifos and its formulations
No full textUV-C irradiation is widely used in the food industry. However, the health effects from dietary exposure to the irradiated pesticide residues retained in foodstuffs are underestimated. In this study, technical chlorpyrifos (TCPF) and its oil in water (EW) and emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulations were irradiated by UV-C, and their photodegradation products were subjected to toxicity assessment, including determination of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress using human blood cells as a model system. Toxicity studies were performed using the chlorpyrifos concentrations in the range of those proposed as the maximum residue levels in plant commodities. TCPF, EW and EC photodegradation products induced DNA damage and oxidative stress, and their genotoxicity did not decrease as a function of irradiation time. Irradiated TCPF and EC are more potent AChE inhibitors than irradiated EW. Accordingly, the application of UV-C irradiation must be considered when processing the plants previously treated with chlorpyrifos formulations.Published version: [https://ripest.pesting.org.rs/handle/123456789/476]This is the peer-reviewed version of the article: Savić, J. Z., Petrović, S. Z., Leskovac, A. R., Lazarevic-Pasti, T. D., Nastasijević, B. J., Tanović, B., Gašić, S., & Vasić, V. M. (2019). UV-C light irradiation enhances toxic effects of chlorpyrifos and its formulations. Food Chemistry, 271, 469–478. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.207