RIPEST - Repository of the Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection
Not a member yet
1022 research outputs found
Sort by
Response of Trichoderma green mould disease agents in oyster mushroom to the essential oils from four medicinal plants
No full textProduction of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) is severely impacted by various Trichoderma species, which cause green mould disease. Biopesticides based on essential oils offer a potential alternative to synthetic pesticides for disease prevention in crop protection. Four essential oils extracted from medicinal plants grown in Serbia, namely thyme (Thymus serpyllum), basil (Ocimum basilicum), yarrow (Achillea millefolium), and St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum), were assayed for their in vitro fungicidal properties against two Trichoderma species isolated from oyster mushroom substrate (Trichoderma pleuroti, strain KM11, and T. pleuroticola, strain KM12, 2018, North Macedonia). The oils were tested using the contact microdilution and the fumigant macrodilution method with either pathogen mycelial inoculum or spore suspension. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and percentage of mycelial growth inhibition (PGI) were determined. The thyme essential oil was lethal for both species when the contact microdilution method was used at 12.5 μl/ml (MFC), while no fungicidal effect of the remaining three oils was found at the selected concentrations (MFC > 25 μl/ml). Furthermore, no fungicidal effect of either oil was recorded on any tested pathogen using the fumigant method (MFC > 0.32 μl/ml of air phase). Three oils (thyme, basil, and yarrow) showed fungistatic contact activity against both Trichoderma species, while two oils (thyme and basil) showed fungistatic fumigant activity at various MIC values. The strongest contact activity on both species was shown by the thyme oil (МIC = 1.56 μl/ml), while the oils of basil and yarrow exhibited a slightly lower antifungal activity. The basil oil was found to demonstrate the strongest fumigant activity against both pathogens at various MIC values with PGI in a range from 50.73 to 100 %. The St. John’s wort oil stimulated mycelial growth of both species. These essential oils could be recommended for further in vitro and in vivo testing
Improving germination and protection of wheat seeds with new bacterial isolates from alkaline soil
No full textThe objective of this research is to investigate the application of new
Bacillus spp. isolates from alkaline soil as potential biocontrol agents for the
management of wheat pest-wireworms (A. lineatus larvae), diseases caused by the
phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium spp., and their plant growth-promoting
potential. Among five new Bacillus spp. isolates, BHC 1.3 and BHC 1.5 showed
ability to suppress only mycelial growth of F. proliferatum. Insecticidal activity
resulting in a wireworm mortality rate of 17.24% after ten days of
experimentation was observed for BHC 1.5. The final percentage of seed
germination was in the range of 95% - 100% with the additional highest
production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) by BHC 1.5. The results of this study
indicate that the new Bacillus spp. isolate may have the potential for formulating
microbial inoculants effective in promoting wheat plant growth and biocontrol of
soil-borne diseases and pests
Transient expression of PRISEs and Trichoderma-mediated elicitation promote iridoid production in Nepeta sibirica L.
No full textThe genus Nepeta is the sole representative in the plant kingdom that produces nepetalactones, a group of iridoids
with a unique stereochemistry, which play key roles in plant defense and ecological interactions. This study
investigates N. sibirica L., a species rich in cis,trans-nepetalactone and 1,5,9-epi-deoxyloganic acid, aiming to
enhance production of these bioactive iridoids by two alternative strategies: transient expression of key iridoid
biosynthesis-related genes and fungal elicitation. In vitro treatments with Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride
promoted iridoid production in N. sibirica leaves. It appears that regulatory proteins COI1, MYC2, and YABBY5
provoke coordinated upregulation of the early iridoid pathway genes (NsGPPS, NsGES, NsG8H, Ns8HGO), and of
NsMLPL, thus stimulating metabolic flux through the iridoid pathway and providing substrates for the downstream
steps mediated by NsISY, NsNEPS1, and NsNEPS2. The N. sibirica PRISE orthologue (NsPRISE) is closely
related phylogenetically to the Family 1 isoforms known as P5βRs. However, its ISY-like activity was confirmed
through in vitro assays with recombinant proteins expressed heterologously in E. coli. Transient overexpression
experiments, which comparatively analysed in planta function of homologous NsPRISE and previously characterized
ISY and PRISE orthologues from other Nepeta species, suggested possible in vivo residual ISY-like activity
of NsPRISE and its involvement in iridoid production. The current study recognized N. sibirica as a plant susceptible
to agroinfiltration, with iridoid metabolism that can be induced by pathogen attack, making it an ideal
candidate for developing scalable systems for bioactive compounds production
Bioacaricides in Crop Protection-What Is the State of Play?
No full textBioacaricides (biological acaricides) are pesticides of biological origin
used to protect crops from mite pests. There are three types of bioacaricides. Microbial
acaricides are based on microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) that are pathogenic to mites.
Other bioacaricides are manufactured from natural active substances of microbial, plant
or animal origin and control mites by toxic action (biochemicals) and non-toxic action
(semiochemicals). Among microbial acaricides, the largest group is mycopesticides, which
are products based on living propagules of fungi. The most commercially successful
biochemicals are products based on substances obtained from actinomycetes (a group of
bacteria) and higher plants, mostly aromatic. Bioacaricides can be used in programs for
the integrated management of mite pests. In order for bioacaricides to be included in these
programs, it is necessary, among other requirements, to evaluate their compatibility with
predators, which are the biological control agents of mite pest
BRODISAN blue PF FORTE–Rodenticid namenjen za suzbijanje jedinki sivog pacova
No full textZa ljude, kao i domaće i divlje životinje, štetni glodari predstavljaju domaćine i prenosioce prouzrokovača velikog broja različitih bolesti, kao što su Francisella tularensis, Clostridium botulinum, Rickettsia prowazeki, Trichinela spiralis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Coxiella burnetii, Leptospira sp., Brucella sp., Yersinia spp., Mycobacterium sp., Hanta virus, Aphthovirus, arbovirusi i mnogi drugi. Bolesti koje ovi uzročnici izazivaju su tularemija, botulizam, tifus, pegavi tifus, trihineloza, lajmska bolest, kju groznica, leptospiroza, bruceloza, kuga, lepra, pseudotuberkuloza, tuberkuloza, hemoragična groznica, laišmanioza, slinavka i šap, i druge. Jedno od naših poslednjih istraživanja ukazuju da je prevalenca bakterije leptospire u jedinkama sivog pacova na teritoriji grada Beograda 29,94 % (Gajdov i sar., 2024)
ZnO-nanostructured electrochemical sensor for efficient detection of glyphosate in water
No full textGlyphosate is a widely used broad-spectrum herbicide for controlling grassy weeds, despite having potential
health hazards. Herein, we report on a solid-state electrochemical sensor based on ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs)
for on-site detection of glyphosate. Accordingly, ZnO NPs was drop-cast on the surface of a disposable screenprinted
carbon electrode. Eco-friendly ZnO NPs of only 7 nm crystallite sizes were obtained by green sol-gel
synthesis using lemon (Citrus limon) waste aqueous extract as the green reducing and capping/stabilizing
agent and Zn nitrate precursor as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron
microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction and diffuse reflectance. SEM confirmed successful electrode functionalization
with the synthesized nanoparticles. Under laboratory conditions in acetate buffer (pH 5), the sensor
demonstrated excellent selectivity and sensitivity, with a detection limit of 0.648 μM, a wide linear detection
range (0.5 μM to 7.5 mM), and a rapid detection time of 30 min. When tested in river water, the sensor achieved
a detection limit of 0.96 μM using differential pulse voltammetry. It also exceptionally tolerated interference
from similar organophosphorus compounds and ions commonly found in river water. The excellent detection
performance of the sensor was attributed to the strong coordination interactions between Zn atoms and phosphonate/
carboxylate groups that are enhanced by a hydrogen bond at acidic pH, as determined by chemical
calculations. This disposable sensor offers a cost-effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly solution for
monitoring glyphosate in water systems
The presence of tularemia (Francisella tularensis) in Apodemus sp. in the Belgrade forest area
No full textTularemia, zoonosis caused by Francisella tularensis, is considered endemic to the Balkan Peninsula.
Main reservoirs of the disease are rodents, which usually show no clinical signs and are a potential
disease source for other animals and humans. We investigated the presence of Francisella tularensis in
Apodemus sp. The capture of individuals of field rodents was carried out at the edge of the forest, near
the promenade or places for recreation in the Belgrade area. A total of 96 small field rodents were
collected during the autumn 2023 in three forested regions. Tissue samples were taken and pooled
samples were prepared for all tested animals (71 A. agrarius, 13 A. flavicolis, 12 A. sylvaticus).
F. tularensis was detected by PCR, using primers TUL4-435 and TUL4-863. 13 samples tested positive
on PCR while 7 of those have been proven to belong to F. tularensis subsp. holartica by sequencing.
F. tularensis was detected in animals in all three areas. All positive individuals belong to A. agrarius. It
was concluded that F. tularensis is present in wood mice in the Belgrade region
The bioherbicidal potential of hemlock water extracts
No full textStudying plant species rich in bioactive compounds, including allelochemicals, could lead to the development
of biodegradable and environmentally safe herbicides. In this study, a water extract of hemlock (Conium maculatum L.),
known to be rich in alkaloids, was used to investigate its effects on the germination of Amaranthus retroflexus L., Ambrosia
artemisiifolia L., Stellaria media (L.) Vill., and Lactuca sativa L., providing valuable insights into its phytotoxic properties.
Among the C. maculatum water extracts (CmWEs) tested, that of dry leaves showed the strongest inhibitory effect on the
germination of all species analyzed. The CmWE of dry leaves (50%) completely inhibited seed germination of all species
tested. The CmWE of dry stems (50%) reduced seed germination in S. media, A. retroflexus, and A. artemisiifolia by 20%
to 89%, whereas the germination of L. sativa was less affected (9%). In addition, a CmWE of dry stems (5%) selectively
inhibited ragweed germination (45%), while the germination of Lactuca sativa was not significantly affected. The CmWE
of dry leaves (20%) inhibited early root and shoot growth of S. media more effectively than suppressing seed germination.
Moreover, the dry leaves and inflorescences of C. maculatum demonstrate strong allelopathic properties even after two
years of storage, highlighting the long-term potential of C. maculatum as a source of natural herbicides
IN VITRO FUMIGANTNO DELOVANjE ETARSKIH UljA BILjAKA FAM. LAMIACEAE PREMA PROUZROKOVACU SIVE TRULEZI (Botrytis cinerea Pers.)
No full textBotrytis cinerea Pers., prouzrokovac sive trulezi, jedan je od ekonomski
najznacajnijih patogena velikog broja gajenih biljaka koji moze dovesti do
velikih steta u biljnoj proizvodnji. Suzbijanje ovog patogena se svodi na
sprovodenje preventivnih hemijskih tretmana, sto je u velikoj meri otezano
usled sve veceg problema razvoja rezistentnosti na jedinjenja iz razlicitih klasa
fungicida, kao i negativnog uticaja na zivotnu sredinu i biodiverzitet. Razvijanje
ekoloski prihvatljivijih resenja, poput preparata na bazi mikroorganizama i
etarskih ulja, od neprocenjivog je znacaja kao alternativa sintetickim pesticidima
LI zastiti biljaka.
Za ispitivanje je odabrano pet izolata 8. cinerea iz kolekcije Laboratorije za
fitopatologiju lnstituta za pesticide i zastitu zivotne sredine (Beograd-Zemun),
koji su izolovani iz simptomaticnih biljaka paradajza tokom 2023. godine. Etarska
ulja biljaka fam. Lamiaceae, i to: divlje nane (Mentha spicata L.), pitome nane
(Mentha piperita L.) i bosiljka (Ocimum basilicum L.) dobijena su procesom
hidrodestilacije (u trajanju od 2,5 h u aparaturi po Klevendzeru) listova i cvetova
biljaka poreklom iz Srbije (Bilje Borca d.o.o., Beograd). Fumigantno antifungalno
delovanje etarskih ulja ispitano je u uslovima in vitro primenom makrodilucione
metode. Ogled je izveden u Petri kutijama (R=90 mm) sa 15 ml KDA podloge,
koje su najpre zasejane fragmentima micelije izolata (R=5 mm). Pet razlicitih
kolicina etarskih ulja dodato je na isecke filter papira (R=5 mm) koji su
postavljeni na sredinu poklopca Petri kutija kako bi se postigle konacne
koncentracije etarskih ulja: 0,01; 0,04; 0,06; 0,09 i 0, 12 μI/ml vazdusne faze. Petri
kutije su umotane parafilmom i u invertnom polozaju inkubirane 72h pri
temperaturi od 22°( u mraku. Odredene su minimalne inhibitorne koncentracije
(MIC) i minimalne fungicidne koncentracije (MFC), kao i procenti inhibicije
porasta micelije za sva tri ulja.
Sva tri ispitivana ulja ispoljila su zadovoljavajuce fumigantno delovanje
prema testiranim izolatima. Najbolji fumigantni efekat zabelezen je za etarsko
ulje pitome nane (MIC=0,06 μI/ml vazdusne faze), dok su ulja divlje nane i
bosiljka ispoljila ujednacenu antifungalnu aktivnost (MIC>0, 12 μI/ml vazdusne
faze). lspitivane koncentracije etarskih ulja nisu ispoljile fungicidno delovanje na
prouzrokovaca sive trulezi (MFC>0, 12 μI/ml vazdusne faze). Procenti inhibicije
porasta micelije izolata kretali su se u opsegu: 42,48-100% za etarsko ulje pitome
nane, 38,98-99,9% za etarsko ulje divlje nane i 43,36-95,96% za etarsko ulje
bosiljka.
Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na visoko inhibitorno delovanje etarskih ulja
pitome nane, divlje nane i bosiljka na prouzrokovaca sive trulezi, a koja bi nakon
daljih ispitivanja u in vivo uslovima mogla predstavljati mogucu alternativu
sintetickim fungicidima koji se koriste za suzbijanje ovog patogena.
88
Rad je realizovan sredstvima Ministarstva nauke, tehnoloskog razvoja
inovacija RS (ugovor br. 451-03-136/2025-03/200214)
Potential of Steinernema feltiae (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) Native Populations in the Biocontrol of Lycoriella ingenua (Diptera: Sciaridae) and Their Impact on Mushroom Production
No full textLycoriella ingenua (Dufour) is a major pest in mushroom facilities in Serbia and
worldwide. The study aimed to determine the virulence ( in vitro) and effectiveness ( in vivo)
of three Serbian native populations of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) Steinernema
feltiae (Filipjev), P9, K2, and ZŠT, compared to a commercial population of S. feltiae against
L. ingenua, and their impact on mushroom yield. In vitro bioassays showed that seven days
after exposure to a series of nematode suspensions (IJ cm−2), two of the three native (P9 and
K2) populations and the commercial population of S. feltiae caused significant mortality
of L4 instar larvae of L. ingenua. The following LC50s were estimated: 18.47, 15.77, and
11.48 IJ cm−2 for P9, K2, and the commercial populations, respectively. These populations
were further used for in vivo bioassays, where their IJs were applied as drench treatment
twice (at the rate of 75 IJ cm−2) during casing time and seven days later. Control of L.
ingenua larvae with the commercial population of S. feltiae was 85%, while the effectiveness
of the native populations was 70%. The lack of adequate pest control measures emphasizes
a need to promote local EPNs as biologically based and ecotoxicologically safe product