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Careers in context: An international study of career goals as mesostructure between societies' career-related human potential and proactive career behaviour
No full textCareers exist in a societal context that offers both constraints and opportunities for career actors. Whereas most studies focus on proximal individual and/or organisational-level variables, we provide insights into how career goals and behaviours are understood and embedded in the more distal societal context. More specifically, we operationalise societal context using the career-related human potential composite and aim to understand if and why career goals and behaviours vary between countries. Drawing on a model of career structuration and using multilevel mediation modelling, we draw on a survey of 17,986 employees from 27 countries, covering nine of GLOBE's 10 cultural clusters, and national statistical data to examine the relationship between societal context (macrostructure building the career-opportunity structure) and actors' career goals (career mesostructure) and career behaviour (actions). We show that societal context in terms of societies' career-related human potential composite is negatively associated with the importance given to financial achievements as a specific career mesostructure in a society that is positively related to individuals' proactive career behaviour. Our career mesostructure fully mediates the relationship between societal context and individuals' proactive career behaviour. In this way, we expand career theory's scope beyond occupation- and organisation-related factors
Intergroup and Interpersonal Forum Positioning in Shared-Thread and Post-Reply Networks
No full textNetwork analysis has become a major approach for analysing social learning, used to capture learner positioning in online forum networks. LA research investigated the association between positioning in forum networks with academic performance and discourse quality, the latter two serving as proxies for learning. However, the research findings have been inconsistent, in part due to the discrepancies in the adopted approaches to network construction. Yet, it is still unclear how online forum networks should be modelled to assure that the learners' network positioning is properly captured. To address this gap, the current study explored if some existing approaches to network construction may complement each other and thus offer richer insights. In particular, we hypothesised that the post-reply learner network could represent interpersonal positioning, whereas the network based on co-participation in discussion threads could encapsulate intergroup positioning. The study used learner social interaction data from a large edX MOOC forum to examine the relationship between these two kinds of network positioning. The results suggest that intergroup and interpersonal positioning may capture different aspects of social learning, potentially related to different learning outcomes. We find that although interpersonal and intergroup positioning indicators covary, these measures are not congruent for some 37% of forum posters. Network coevolution analysis also reveals an interdependent relationship between the intergroup and interpersonal centrality in a forum network. Co-occurrence of learners in a discussion thread prior to direct exchanges is predictive of a direct post-reply interaction at a later stage of the course, and vice-versa, suggesting that intergroup positioning is a precursor of direct communication. The study contributes to the discussion around the definition of learner forum positioning in learning analytics, and validated approaches towards measuring it
Rethinking success in software projects
No full textJedna od najvažnijih i najzastupljenijih tema u oblasti softverskih projekata je preispitivanje definicije uspeha projekata u kontekstu sve veće kompleksnosti projektnog okruženja, koje za posledicu ima veoma visoku stopu neuspešnih softverskih projekata. Pregled literature pokazuje da ne postoji jasna granica između uspeha i neuspeha, posebno uzimajući u obzir da projekat može biti istovremeno uspešan u jednoj i neuspešan u drugoj oblasti. Sa druge strane, sve veća kompleksnost, kontekst i šira konceptualizaciju projekata, zahtevaju da se sa promenom definicije projekata, promeni i sama definicija uspeha projekta. Cilj ovog rada je da kroz pregled literature preispita koncept uspeha softverskih projekata, kao i da se predloži multidimenzionalni konstrukt koji uključuje uspeh projektnog menadžmenta, uspeh projekta i strateški uspeh projekta kao tri dimenzije za merenje uspeha softverskih projekta.In recent years, one of the most important topics in the field of software development projects is rethinking success in context of increasing complexity and failure of software projects. Literature review shows that there is no clear line between success and failure, especially considering that a project can be both successful in one area and unsuccessful in another. In addition, the increasing complexity, context and broader conceptualization of projects, required both change in project and success definition. The aim of this paper is to perform literature review in field of software project success definition, as well as to propose a multidimensional construct that includes project management success, project success and strategic project success as three dimensions for measuring software's project success
Constructing a nation branding model: The case of Serbia
No full textThis paper aims to understand the concept and fundamental terms related to nation branding as a strategic tool for improving Serbia's international market position, a post-Communist and former Yugoslav country. The author intends to gain insight into Serbia's current brand perception as a developing country that can find an opportunity for rebirth and parting with the legacy implementation of the nation branding concept. The quantitative research methods were applied in this paper, and the questionnaire developed for the research investigated the perception of brand Serbia by leaning on Risitano's framework. Our analysis finds that national treasury, people, tourism and business destination were recognized as the most important points for country and nation positioning
Evaluation of Predictive Capabilities of Similarity Metrics in Machine Learning
No full textThis paper explores prediction capabilities of similarity metrics used in machine learning algorithms. Predictive capabilities of various similarity metrics are examined based on their application on data sets of varying sizes and properties and evaluation of derived results. Predicting outcomes in machine learning is fundamental to many different machine learning algorithms and the findings in this paper will clarify how good their predictive capabilities are and under which conditions
E-Payment Systems Using Multi-card Smartcard
No full textIn case cardholders have more than one smart card for electronic payments, there is a problem of correlating smart cards and PINs. When a cardholder has more than two smart cards, it introduces additional confusion due to the storage of multiple smart cards and due to the need for memorizing PINs. The idea presented in this paper describes the process of electronical payment using the concept of multi-card smart card by authentication of PIN coded from biometric fingerprint. The software of biometric scanner integrated into the PIN PAD device checks a cardholder authentication, by using presented algorithm that codes the biometric fingerprint into the PIN. Thus, that encoded PIN is compared with the PIN embedded as an encrypted form in the chip of multi-card smart card or with the control value used in authorization center. Multi-card smart card has the integrated functional button that is controlled by user. If a user wants to make the electronic payment he/she needs to press this button once or a few times. This will activate the virtual card used for electronic payment. The implementation of this idea allows the user to manage the electronic payment by using only one multi-card smart card without entering the PIN. By using this model of electronic payment, a user gets the improved user experience. The idea of this paper is the continuation of previous author’s investigations in order to get the algorithm that will simplify the process of electronic payment as much as possible. The aim of this paper is to introduce the conceptual model of a simplified electronic payment system that meets Strong Customer Authentification, which is required by PSD2 regulations
Multiattribute Methods as a Means for Solving Ecological Problems in Water Resources—Lake Pollution
No full textWater as a natural resource refers to the groundwater and surface water (lakes, rivers, etc.) in the environment. Lake resources are considered to be a renewable resource of the freshwater which is essential for life of humans, animals, and plants. The pollution of lake resources, caused not only by humans, restricts its function in the ecosystem, including use for human need. Human negative influence and lack of protection measures for lake resources as freshwater reservoirs can be overcome and solved using multiattribute methods. As pollution problems are very complex due to the many environment variables and many solution alternatives, researchers use more than one method as a support to undertake scientific sustained decisions which are based on economic, ecological, social, technological,… goals in order to obtain the best solutions. Short literature review presented in this paper points out two most commonly used methods for this type of problems—Promethee II and AHP method. Promethee II is used for comparing the alternatives pair-wise for each criterion, finding the strength of preferring one over the other and the main objective of using AHP is to identify the preferred alternative and also determine a ranking of the alternative when all the decision criteria are considered simultaneously. Methodological framework proposed in this paper is designed in order to rank alternatives for each criterion by combining these two methods. Qualitative character of the AHP is exceeded using Promethee II in the first stage of the analysis by cutting off the alternatives with negative net outranking flow. The benefit is direct consistency increase of the AHP. Numerical example for the lake Vrutci, the most important freshwater supplier for the Užice area in western Serbia, is given in the paper. Long-term impact of human factors caused eutrophication of the lake Vrutci and led to the exclusion of the lake from the water supply system. The solution for pollution reduction of the lake Vrutci is obtained by implementing the methodological framework and combined application of the two methods and the results are discussed
Book review of: Strategic Management and the Circular Economy by Marcello Tonelli and Nicolo Cristoni
No full textBook review of: Strategic Management and the Circular Economy by Marcello Tonelli and Nicolo Cristoni. New
York: Routledge, 2019. - Series: Routledge research in strategic management. 235pp ISBN 9781138103634
(hardback), ISBN 9781315102641 (e-book
Interpolative Boolean Algebra for Generalizations of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets
No full textThe idea of this paper is to investigate intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) generalizations and make one step further into that direction by introducing interpolative Boolean algebra (IBA) to Liu's generalized IFS. First, we aim to give an overview of the existing attempts to generalize or alter the definition of IFS and to underline the most general approach. Further, Liu's bipolar I-fuzzy sets (LBIFSs) are introduced as the most universal case of Liu's generalized intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Finally, IBA-based operations are introduced to deal with LBIFS. In the proposed LBIFS-IBA approach, all Boolean laws are fulfilled. The special attention is dedicated to laws of the excluded middle and contradiction
The Impact of Cooperativeness Supply Chain Performances
No full textIn this paper we analysed the relation between cooperativeness as a personality trait of participants in a supply chain and the bullwhip effect. We explored the possibility of change participants' cooperativeness but we also showed the learning process of engineering students. In order to teach our students about behavioural causes of the bullwhip effect and to increase their awareness about the influence of their cooperativeness on decision making in the supply chain, we simulated decision making in the beer game performed by four groups of engineering students. The beer game is a role-play simulation game that lets students (or managers as well) experience typical coordination problems of supply chains. Participant cooperativeness is determined using a Social Value Orientation (SVO) questionnaire, applied before playing the game to classify them into cooperative and uncooperative ones and after playing the game to investigate changes of cooperativeness. Participants were assigned randomly to one of the two situations: a chain with and without sharing information. The experiment conducted twice - firstly with 20 engineering students, and secondly with other 22 engineering students. The results, showing lower costs within the team with cooperative behaviour tendencies and permission to share relevant information, point to the importance of the further study of the behavioural causes. Students realized that their behaviour influences the behaviour of others and how that can change the results of the team. After playing the game students filed SVO questionnaire again, and we showed that students who shared information increased their cooperativeness scores, while cooperative participants who couldn't share information decreased their cooperativeness scores, so we found that students can learn cooperativeness to achieve better supply chain results