RFOS - Repository of Faculty of Organizational Sciences Univ. of Belgrade
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Internationalization and Sustainable Development: Export Market Strategies of Enterprises from Serbia and Germany
No full textThe study aims at understanding the relationship between a firm's internationalization and its sustainable development by exploring the differences between the export market strategies of enterprises from Serbia and Germany. Considering that the choice of the export market strategy will affect the choice of entry modes and the selection and sequencing of the largest export market(s), the study aims at exploring various export market strategies, ranging from taking small and gradual steps toward the foreign market to being a born-global. Additionally, the study aims at exploring various export and non-export entry modes while addressing the differences between enterprises from emerging and developed countries. Our findings suggest that the country's level of economic development may have a vital role in determining the framework by which enterprises address the local business and the export market strategy. Our findings suggest that enterprises from Serbia (compared to enterprises from Germany) might need some kind of continuous support aimed at capacity-building and expertise development to benefit from the foreign market(s) while contributing significantly to sustainable development
Key Role of High-Tech Business Incubators Sustainable Governance in the Post-Covid Era
No full textThe goal of the paper is to study what effects can be achieved by guiding and supporting tenants of high-tech business incubators and which benefits we can expect for entrepreneurial ecosystem established after pandemic. Many authors have explored social and economic impact that accelerators and incubators can generate, but we can also detect a certain lack of academic literature when it comes to COVID-19 and post-COVID determinants in this environment. Authors have gone deep into interpretive content analysis of secondary sources in order to shed a light on these observations. Examination of previously available research was conducted; top tier academic literature and many articles on the business incubation management were reviewed and many relevant industry reports were analyzed. The goal is to get a hold of profound understanding of the context and qualitative aspect of the narrative created by existing case studies and academic sources. Therefore the emphasis is on narrative and why conclusions should be approached with this in mind, since generalization is partially limited. Focus of the examination is mainly oriented towards high-tech startup business incubators and their contribution to different functions in society. New context created by pandemic dictates new business models, creative spin on traditional frameworks and innovative practices, which are particularly significant for accelerators that nurture high-tech startups. It can be concluded that sustainable governance of incubators can lead to development of entrepreneurial skills and mindset, creation of modern and innovative solutions and business models and progress of society in general
Selection of healthcare waste management treatment using fuzzy rough numbers and Aczel-Alsina Function
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic led to an increase in healthcare waste (HCW). HCW management treatment needs to be re-taken into focus to deal with this challenge. In practice, there are several treatments of HCW with their advantages and disadvantages. This study is conducted to select the appropriate treatment for HCW in the Brcko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Six HCW management treatments are analyzed and observed through twelve criteria. Ten-level linguistic values were used to bring this evaluation closer to human thinking. A fuzzy rough approach is used to solve the problem of inaccuracy in determining these values. The OPA method from the Bonferroni operator is used to determine the weights of the criteria. The results of the application of this method showed that the criterion Environmental Impact (C4) received the highest weight, while the criterion Automation Level (C8) received the lowest value. The ranking of HCW management treatments was performed using MARCOS methods based on the Aczel-Alsina function. The results of this analysis showed that the best -ranked HCW management treatment is microwave (A6) while landfill treatment (A5) is ranked worst. This study has provided a new approach based on fuzzy rough numbers where the Bonferroni function is used to determine the lower and upper limits, while the application of the Aczel-Alsina function reduced the influence of decision-makers on the final decision because this function stabilizes the decision-making process
Izazovi u upravljanju projektima digitalizacije u poljoprivredi
No full textCilj rada je da istraži i analizira najvažnije izazove u upravljanju projektima digitalizacije u poljoprivredi. Prvo su analizirane vrste projekata digitalizacije u poljoprivredi i njihove karakteristike, a nakon toga su analizirani ključni izazovi u upravljanju realizacijom projekata digitalizacije poljoprivrede: finansiranje projekata, stručnost u realizaciji projekata, izbor tehnologije, promena načina rada, sigurnost podataka i pristup internetu. Analizirane su i faze u projektima digitalizacije poljoprivrede kao što su definisanje cilja, analiza trenutnog stanja, odabir tehnologije, planiranje, implementacija, praćenje i kontrola, zatvaranje i evaluacija projekata. U radu je analiziran i postupak ocene opravdanosti projekta digitalizacije u poljoprivredi, odnosno ocena ekonomske, tehničke, i ekološke isplativosti kao i održivost ovih projekata. Poslednji deo rada prikazuje primer uspešnog upravljanja projektom digitalizacije u poljoprivredi
Informacioni sistemi preduzeća u Excel-u : zbirka primera
No full textOva zbirka primera pisana je sa ciljem da posluži kao praktičan priručnik za razvijanje i nadgradnju sposobnosti rada u programima MS Excel i Visual Basic for Applications. Namenjena je svim korisnicima koji se svakodnevno susreću sa potrebama za prikupljanjem, formatiranjem i analiziranjem podataka u spredšit okruženju, radi donošenja poslovnih odluka. Zbirka obuhvata različite aspekte poslovanja, čime se ukazuje na potrebnu strukturu računarskog programa za upravljanje preduzećem. Polazi se od osnovnih pojmova dvojnog knjigovodstva, zatim se zalazi u oblast praćenja osnovnih sredstava, materijala i inventara, nedovršene proizvodnje, gotovih proizvoda, robe, kalkulacija prodajne i nabavne cene proizvoda, praćenje kupaca i dobavljača, obračun zarada, doprinosa i poreza na zarade, kadrovske evidencije i poslovnih rezultata. Vođenjem čitaoca kroz zbirku primera uređenu ovim redosledom, izgrađuje se informacioni sistem preduzeća u Excel-u, dok mu se istovremeno, postepeno otkrivaju različita praktična rešenja za korišćenje programa Visual Basic for Applications. Zbirka kroz navedene primere prati materiju obrađenu u knjizi „Informacioni sistemi preduzeća u EXCEL-u (baze podataka, makroi, aplikacije)
Agtech Ecosystem of the Republic of Serbia - Analysis of the Economy Needs
No full textAgriculture represents the traditional and least digitized industry, both in the Republic of Serbia and in the world. This situation presented an opportunity for the emergence and accelerated development of the AgTech industry, which is currently one of the fastest growing industries in the world, and is among the three most represented in the Serbian startup ecosystem. AgTech is a new generation industrial field that improves agriculture and the food industry, where the use of modern technologies to develop innovations, new business models and processes, as well as digitization and digital transformation of the industry. AgTech refers to hardware, software, business model, new technologies, new technical solutions, which are directed towards the digital space based on data collection, processing and analysis, as well as decision support tools. This paper presents the results of research conducted on a sample of 106 companies from the AgTech ecosystem in the Republic of Serbia during 2023., among which 85.7% of companies developed their innovations in cooperation with scientific institutions. The analysis of the needs of AgTech companies presented in this paper can be very important for the improvement and development of cooperation between the economy and scientific/research organizations in the Republic of Serbia, as well as the acceleration of scientific research and further commercialization of innovations and the successful transfer of technologies in this area
The effect of mixed wage incentives on performance: an action research report
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to analyse whether a mixed incentives scheme can positively influence company performance. The research report documents the design and implementation of a mixed wage incentives scheme to an apparel manufacturer in Serbia. The scheme was designed as a combination of individual- and group-based incentives with the wage fund based on group performance and allocated based on individual performance. The effects on performance were measured continuously over a period of forty-four months through labour productivity when applying individual, group, and mixed incentives, respectively. The results show that mixed incentives resulted in significant labour productivity increase, and outperformed both the individual- and group-based wage incentives schemes. The scheme promotes cooperation, team effort, information, and knowledge sharing, while maintaining individual accountability. Apart from the effect on performance, mixed incentives implementation positively affected employees’ attitude towards work, their motivation to improve, and learn new skills
Digital payment systems: state and perspectives
No full textThis chapter strives to provide a comprehensive overview of current digital payment systems and point out their key opportunities, benefits, and constraints. We will discuss the following methods and channels for digital payment: credit cards, online credits, vouchers, different types of P2P, recurring payments, social pay, micro payments, and others. We will address the importance and role of mobile technologies and services in mobile commerce. Opportunities and challenges in harnessing modern technologies such as blockchain and artificial intelligence in the context of digital payments will be discussed. For each of the listed concepts, we will discuss pros and cons as well as applications and challenges. Further, we will explore the role of those concepts in real e-commerce ecosystems. In addition, we will discuss changes in digital payment systems caused by global pandemic and perspectives in post Covid-19 era
On the concept of virtual and digital identity
No full textAbstract: This paper starts from the position that identity represents a set of relatively
permanent, i.e., long-term determinants that relate to or can be associated with an individual
or a social group and are most often recognized as awareness of the long-term continuity
of personal or collective experience. Based on that, we can talk about personal and social
identities. The contemporary moment is marked by identity pluralism (professional, edu-
cational, ethnic, religious, sexual, gender, generational, etc.). One of its new forms, which is
associated with the accelerated scientific and technological development and especially the
emergence of digital technologies, is virtual and digital identity. These identities also refer to
individuals and social groups, but also extend to different organizations and products. They
are formed in the online environment and consist of digital records, on the basis of which
a special set of characteristics is built – from them, a unique identity is derived, making
sense both in personal or collective identification, as well as in legal and business relations.
The aim of this paper is to point to the concept of virtual and collective identities and their
importance at the contemporary social moment
BACKERS - PERSONAL BRANDING OR MATERIAL BENEFIT?
No full textGrupno finansiranje (engl. crowdfunding), kao poseban segment ekonomije deljenja, relativno je mlad
fenomen. Pažnju istraživača posebno privlači ispitivanje toga koji faktori motivišu bekere da, putem određene
digitalne platforme, stave na raspolaganje novčana sredstva onima kojima su ta sredstva potrebna kako bi se
finansirao određeni projekat. Cilj rada je analiza i testiranje razlika između dve široko definisane grupe motiva:
motiv za kreiranjem ličnog brendinga i motiv za ostvarivanjem materijalnih koristi, i to na nivou celog uzorka,
kao i na nivou užih kategorija definisanih na nivou različitih socio-ekonomskih grupa ispitanika. Za potrebe
ostvarenja tog cilja sprovedeno je anketno ispitivanje. Rezultati sprovedene analize ukazuju da, na nivou celog
uzorka i većeg broja užih kategorija, postoji statistički značajna razlika u motivima za učešće u grupnom
finansiranju, u smislu da su (potencijalni) bekeri dominantno motivisani ostvarivanjem određenog oblika
materijalne koristi u poređenju sa izgradnjom ličnog brendinga.Crowdfunding, as a special segment of the sharing economy, is a relatively young phenomenon. The
researchers' attention is particularly drawn to the examination of factors that motivate backers to offer funds
through a certain digital platform to those who need them, in order to finance a certain project. The aim of this
paper is to analyze and test the differences between two broadly defined groups of motives: the motive for
creating personal branding and the motive for gaining material benefits, both at the level of the entire sample,
as well as at the level of narrower categories defined for different socio-economic groups of respondents. In
order to achieve that goal, a survey was conducted.
The results of the conducted analysis indicate that, at the level of the entire cause, as well as at the level of a
larger number of narrower categories, there is a statistically significant difference in the motives for participation
in group financing, in the sense that (potential) backers are dominantly motivated by achieving a certain form
of material benefit compared to building personal branding