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Small hydropower plants in Western Balkan countries: status, controversies and a proposed model for decision making
No full textBackground As the countries of the Western Balkans (WB) have committed to sustainable development, the process of regulatory and economic adjustment is underway. As part of the aforementioned fact, the WB countries have commenced exploitation of energy from renewable sources, among which hydropower is the most important. The main objective of the study is to analyse the status of renewable energy transition in the WB region, focusing on the construction and exploitation of small hydropower plants (SHPPs), as well as a proposal for an original model for decision making in this field, based on a multidimensional decision-making space. Namely, in most cases, there is resistance to the construction of SHPPs in the WB territory, as well as divided opinion among investors, companies, environmental movements, academia, and citizens on this issue. This shows that the entire decision-making process has to be reviewed and re-designed. Results The results of the study show that the construction of SHPPs caused damage to environmentally protected areas, living conditions of local communities, touristic and agricultural potential. All of the foregoing matters have led to mass protests by citizens and a high degree of mistrust so that the future of SHPPs in the WB is extremely uncertain. The assessment of the acceptability of existing SHPPs through the proposed model showed that 74% of SHPPs cannot be considered acceptable from the aspect of the location where they were built, and from the aspect of the impact on the quality of life of the local population. Accordingly, this paper provides suggestions for much-needed improvements. Conclusions The construction of SHPPs is causing numerous controversies, opposition, and resistance. To find the right solution, and contribute to sustainable energy and economic development, it is necessary to develop a fully transparent and objective policy system in this field, and to use contemporary models for decision making with emphasis on the involvement local communities in the decision-making process
Possibilities for economic prosperity with the application of the smart city concept
No full textWith growing urbanization and all its negative consequences, the smart city concept is one of the most frequently referenced models of urban development. The application of this concept is gaining importance, and it is considered as successful development model for achieving a sustainable future and building competitive economies. Essentially, the smart city concept involves the development and implementation of innovative solutions that can improve the lives of citizens in urban areas. This approach already has wide application and is becoming increasingly relevant in the academic literature and among policy makers. The aim of this chapter is to give an overview of the complex smart city concept and to explore the opportunities that open up for overall economic progress by developing the industry of smart cities. The first part of the study provides an overview of demographic and urban trends, with a focus on projections. The second part defines the smart city concept, analyzes key elements and features while emphasizing the different meanings given to the concept and the perspectives through which it has been studied. The last part of the chapter addresses the possibilities of achieving economic development by resolving urban problems and applying different innovative solutions. The approach in this study is based on a review of the literature of relevant academic papers, as well as official documents and reports from international institutions.W warunkach rosnącej urbanizacji, ze wszystkimi jej negatywnymi konsekwencjami, koncepcja
inteligentnego miasta jest jednym z najczęściej proponowanych modeli rozwoju miast. Zasadniczo
obejmuje ona opracowanie i wdrożenie innowacyjnych rozwiązań, które mogą poprawić życie
mieszkańców obszarów miejskich. W rozdziale przedstawiono przegląd koncepcji inteligentnego
miasta, przeanalizowano ich kluczowe elementy i cechy. Ponadto zaprezentowano światowe trendy miejskie i prognozy demograficzne na najbliższe dziesięciolecia. Ostatnia część rozdziału dotyczy możliwości osiągnięcia rozwoju gospodarczego poprzez rozwiązywanie problemów miejskich w innowacyjny sposób
Adjunct extraction in factive and non-factive constructions
No full textThis paper offers a comparison of factive and non-factive constructions (Kiparsky & Kiparsky, 1970) and their syntactic behavior in English and Serbian with respect to the wh-extraction. What we are particularly interested in are the restrictions found in these constructions, especially the long-distance extraction of adjuncts. Whereas previous research has shown that adjunct extraction out of non-factive clauses is allowed, the results of adjunct extraction out of factive clauses were inconsistent. De Cuba & Mitrović (2008) claim that factive complements do not allow adjunct extraction because factive verbs do not select an additional cP layer (which offers an escape hatch for adjuncts) as opposed to non-factive verbs. This extra level in the CP is selected by the verb and it is projected by a semantic operator [Op]. On the other hand, Sekicki (2016) obtained results that show that adjunct extraction out of factive clauses is possible in some cases. The main aim of the present paper is twofold: to reexamine the acceptability of adjunct extraction out of factive clauses and to offer a possible explanation for the differences in acceptability judgments. As expected, the results of the pilot research showed that the sentences containing non-factive
verbs (think ‘misliti’, doubt ‘sumnjati’, consider ‘smatrati’) allow long-distance extraction of adjuncts
(Zašto sumnjaš da ga je ostavila? ‘Why do you doubt that she left him?’). It should be emphasized that each question was followed by an answer in order to make sure that the extracted adjunct was interpreted in relation to the embedded clause (Gde si mi rekao da je Nemanja otišao? - Rekao sam ti da je otišao na more. ‘Where did you tell me that Nemanja left? - I told you that he left to the seaside.’). The results also confirmed that native speakers of Serbian consider the clauses containing an adjunct extracted out of a factive clause unacceptable, which is in line with De Cuba & Mitrović (2008). The examples with the lexical verbs know ‘znati’ and regret ‘žaliti’ were judged as the most unacceptable in the questionnaire (*Kako žališ da si se poneo prema njoj? ‘*How do you regret treating her?’). Semi-factive verbs (find out ‘saznati’, discover ‘otkriti’, remember ‘setiti se’), which lose their factivity in questions, conditionals and modal environments (Karttunen, 1971), were also included in the questionnaire. It has been suggested that these verbs do not always lead to islandhood when combined with uniqueness (Djärv&Romero, 2021); therefore, we wanted to check their acceptability. The preliminary results suggest that native speakers of Serbian mostly consider them unacceptable as well (*Zašto si otkrio da je to uradila? ‘Why did you discover that she did that?’) regardless of the adjunct type, which has been claimed to have an influence
on acceptability judgments (Oshima, 2007). The form of the questionnaire, which included answers to the tested questions, allowed us to provide our respondents with a clear pragmatic interpretation as to which verb the extracted wh-phrase referred to, which could be the reason for obtaining different results from the ones Sekicki (2016) obtained. Therefore, we exclude the possibility that the differences in grammaticality judgments for different cases of adjunct extraction under factives appear as a result of the ambiguity as to how the sentence is to be interpreted. Rather, the present study provides support for the different syntactic behaviour of factives and non-factives. The results of a wider-scale study would confirm the present findings and clarify whether some marginally acceptable cases can be found with respect to the Scale of Extractability (Oshima, 2007)
The Adrion Project MUHA–Multi-Hazard Framework for Water Related Risks Management: Linking Water Utilities and Civil Protection Mechanisms through Water Safety Plans
No full textIn the EU Drinking Water Directive (EU DWD) 2020/2184, the approach of the “water
safety plan”, as suggested by the WHO, has been individuated as the correct tool for water utilities
to ensure safe, drinkable water. The ADRIATIC-IONIAN Interreg project, MUHA—Multi-Hazard
Framework for water related risks management, has become the necessity to effectively link different
aspects of the water related risks management in an improved response system, integrating the
functions of analysis, forecasting, and incident command systems. This paper aims to describe the
rationale of the MUHA project and present some of the main outcomes.This article belongs to the Proceedings of EWaS5 International Conference: “Water Security and Safety Management: Emerging Threats or New Challenges? Moving from Therapy and Restoration to Prognosis and Prevention”
Teritorijalni kapital kao faktor ekonomskog rasta i konkurentnosti regiona
No full textU radu se u svetlu promene znacaja faktora ekonomskog rasta i unapredenja konkurentnosti regiona, sa materijalnih na kognitivne sadrZaje, sagledava kategorija teritorijalnog kapitala i opisuju njegovi najvazniji elementi Poslo se od stava da posmatrani region moZe ostvarivati ekonomski rast i unapredvati triisnu konkurentnost iskljucivo pod uslovom stavljanja raspolozivog teritorijalnog kapitala u funkciju uvecanja bruto domaceg proizvoda i podizanja Zivotog standarda stanovnistva posmatranog podrucja. Nadalje, u radu se eksplicira logika piramidalnog, cilindricnog i modela , stabla” regionalne konkurentnosti u cijoj osnovi implicite dominiraju gradivni elementi kategorije teritorijalnog kapitala. Tretiranje elemenata teritorijalnog kapitala kao primarnih faktora ekonomskog rasta i unapredenja konkurentnosti regiona uslovilo je pojavu sadrzajno izmenjenih
regionalnih politika ¢iji je osnovni cilj jacanje vlastitih moguénosti regiona
Ishrana i fizička aktivnost djece i razni poremećaji
No full textŽivot modernog doba je sve promijenio. Navike ljudi su se mijenjale na gore, a tako se generacijama prenosi i na djecu. Djeca, ono nešto naše najdragocjenije što imamo žive na pogrešan način i ugrožavaju svoje zdravlje. Roditelji su nažalost prezauzeti i djeca su često prepuštena sama sebi. Slobodno vrijeme djece je ugroženo i to svakako dovodi do niza problema. Obično najviše vremena provode ispred ekrana, igrajući igrice, posjećuju neke opasne sajtove i ne razumiju ozbiljnost situacije. Položaj tijela im je stalno u istom položaju, jedu sve više brzu hranu, ne kreću se i to svakako dovodi do ozbiljnih problema. Kvalitet ishrane je sveden na minimum, a o fizičkoj aktivnosti da i ne govorimo. Posmatrajući većinu možemo slobodno reći da ona čak kod nekih pojedinaca i ne postoji, a vrlo dobro znamo koliko je važna za pravilan rast i razvoj. Naime, situacija je veoma ozbiljna. Djeca obolijevaju od raznih poremećaja. Obično im je grafomotorika u ranom uzrstu vrlo nerazvijena, pa već na samom početku njihovog rasta, razvoja i obrazovanja nailaze na teškoće u svom odrastanju i napredovanju. Velika većina djece ima probleme sa težinom, sa načinom ishrane, kao i kretanjem, kako smo već i napomenuli. Cilj samog rada se odnosi na ukazivanje problema i prevazilaženje nedostataka nepravilne ishrane i stečenih navika, a sam problem u suštini vežemo za današnji način rasta i razvoja mladih generacija, odnosno djece. Većina rezultata nam ukazuje na zdravstvene probleme, kao što su govorni poremećaji, autizam, i sl., od kojih smo neke i napomenuli na početku, a svakako ćemo ih detaljnije prikazati kroz sam rad, koji je u stvari nastao kao izraz želje i volje da pronađe neka rješenja za navedene probleme i da mali doprinos kako djeci lično, tako i nauci. Postoji niz savjeta koje možemo dati, a koje ćemo detaljnije razraditi i dati prijedlog za njihovu upotrebu. Psihomotorni razvoj djece je svakako veoma važan i tome naravno treba pristupiti sa velikim oprezom.The life of the modern age has changed everything. People's habits have changed for the worse, and so it has been passed on to children for generations. Children, the most precious thing we have, we live in the wrong way and endanger our health. Parents are unfortunately too busy and children are often left to fend for themselves. Children's free time is endangered and this certainly leads to a number of problems. They usually spend most of their time in front of the screen, playing games, visiting some dangerous sites and not understanding the seriousness of the situation. Their body position is constantly in the same position, they eat more and more fast food, they do not move and this certainly leads to serious problems. The quality of nutrition is reduced to a minimum, not to mention physical activity. Observing the majority, we can freely say that it does not even exist in some individuals, and we know very well how important it is for proper growth and development. Namely, the situation is very serious. Children suffer from various disorders. Usually, their graphomotor skills are very underdeveloped at an early age, so at the very beginning of their growth, development and education, they encounter difficulties in their upbringing and progress. The vast majority of children have problems with weight, diet, and movement, as we have already mentioned. The aim of the paper is to point out the problems and overcome the shortcomings of improper diet and acquired habits, and the problem itself is essentially related to today's way of growth and development of young generations and children. Most of the results point to health problems, such as speech disorders, autism, etc., some of which we mentioned at the beginning, and we will certainly present them in more detail through the work itself, which actually arose as an expression of desire and will to find some solutions to these problems and make a small contribution to children personally and science. There are a number of tips we can give, which we will elaborate in more detail and give a suggestion for their use. The psychomotor development of children is certainly very important and this should of course be approached with great caution
Decarbonisation of eastern European economies: monitoring, economic, social and security concerns
No full textBackground Decarbonisation of the European economy is one of the main strategic goals of energy transition in the European Union (EU), which aims to become a leader in this process by 2050 and to include other European countries making thus the European continent the first carbon neutral region in the world. Although decarbonisation is an important goal of the EU, the models for monitoring the progress of this process have not yet been clearly defined, and views on the social, economic, and security implications in terms of prioritising decarbonisation are conflicting. The main objective of this paper is to determine the methodological correctness of the existing method of decarbonisation monitoring, to develop a new monitoring model indicating the differences in the EU and European countries that are non-EU and to point out the underlying social, economic and security implications that must certainly find their place in the decision-making process in this field. Results The main results showed that there is no clearly defined model for monitoring the success of decarbonisation, while the indicators that are commonly used for this purpose make a model that, as the analysis shows-is methodologically incorrect. In the case of EU countries, the following indicators proved to be the most reliable: consumption-based CO2 and share in global CO2. For non-EU countries, the best monitoring indicators are CO2 per unit of GDP, consumption-based CO2, and renewable energy consumption. These indicators can explain 99% of the variance in decarbonisation success. Conclusions The basic conclusion of the paper is that even before the implementation, the decarbonisation monitoring model should be defined and methodologically tested, and the use of a single model for all EU countries or for all countries is not recommended. It is proposed to simplify the monitoring model, with an emphasis on monitoring of consumption-based CO2, which proved to be the most efficient in all sampled countries. The current method of monitoring is based exclusively on environmentally related indicators while ignoring the fact that decarbonisation is associated with almost all aspects of development. The additional social, economic and security aspects need to be developed and included in the further monitoring process
The effect of different fertilization doses and application methods on apple yield and yield components
No full textУВОД и ЦИЉЕВИ: У савременим засадима јабуке, ђубрење и наводњавање спадају међу најважније агротехничке мере од којих зависи раст и родност. Фертиригација је поступак који обједињује ове две агротехничке мере, чиме се остварује значајна уштеда у употреби ђубрива и смањују губици нитратних облика азота. За остваривање високих приноса доброг квалитетна неопходна је адекватна примена ђубрива. Из тог разлога, један од циљева овог рада је био испитивање различитих доза минералних ђубрива на компроненте приноса и принос јабуке. Такође, циљ овог истраживања је био и утврђивање оптималнијег начина уношења хранива.
МАТЕРИЈАЛ и МЕТОД: Како би се испитао утицај различитих доза ђубрива и начина примене ђубрива на принос и компоненте приноса јабуке постављен је оглед у засаду јабуке Red Jonaprince на огледном пољу Департмана за воћарство, виноградарство, хортикултуру и пејзажну
архитектуру на Римским Шанчевима. Оглед је постављен по систему подељених парцела. Примењенe су три различите дозе ђубрива: N1P1K1 – 50 kg/ha N, 30 kg/ha P2O5, 60 kg/ha K2O;
N2P2K2 – 100 kg/ha N, 59.8 kg/ha P2O5, 100 kg/ha K2O; N3P3K3 – 150 kg/ha N, 80.6 kg/ha P2O5, 140
kg/ha K2O. Апликација хранива урађена је класичним начином и фертиригацијом крот систем за наводњавање кап по кап. Анализиране су следеће особина: број плодова по стаблу, просечна маса плодова и принос плода по стаблу. Мерења су урађена на по 10 стабала по сваком понављању, а просечна маса плодова је утврђена на основу 10 плодова по стаблу. Анализа варијансе урађена је по моделу подељених парцелана на основу средњих вредности. Поређење средњих вредности
урађено је применом LSD теста. Статистичка обрада података урађена је у програму Statistic.
РЕЗУЛТАТИ и ЗАКЉУЧЦИ: Највећи број плодова по стаблу остварен је применом највеће дозе NPK хранива фертиригацијом. Број плодова по стаблу услед примене овог третмана био је статистички значајно виши у односу на контролу и најмању проимењену дозу хранива. При
класичном начину примене минералних ђубрива ни једна доза ђубрива није значајно утицала на повећање броја плодова по стаблу. За другу проучавану особину, просечна маса плодова, при класичном начину примене ђубрива највећа вредност измерена је при примени најмање дозе хранива, и она се статистички значајно разликовала од контроле. За други примењен третман, фертиригацију, највећа вредност за ову особину установњена је при примени највеће дозе минералних хранива, и она је била статистички значајно већа у односу на контролу и друге две дозе хранива. Највећи принос остварен је третманом N3P3K3 примењеног фертиригацијом и статистички се значајно разликовао само у односу на контролу и третман N1P1K1 примењен
фертиригацијом, док у односу на остале примењене третмане није забележена статистички значајна разлика. Иако анализом варијансе није установњена статистичка значајност између примењених начина ђубрења, више средње вредности за скоро све проучаване особине установљене су применом фертиригације. Како истовремена примена наводњавања и ђубрива повећава ефикасност коришћења хранива и воде, уз значајну уштеду ресурса и смањење
контаминације земљишта, односно животне средине, примена фертиригације пружа велике могућности за оптимално решење најзначајнијих мера гајења јабуке.INTRODUCTION and OBJECTIVES: In modern apple orchards, fertilization and irrigation are
among the most important agrotechnical measures on which growth and yield depend. Fertigation is a
process that combines these two agrotechnical measures, providing significant savings in the use of
fertilizers and reducing losses of nitrate forms of nitrogen. Adequate application of fertilizers is
necessary to achieve high and good quality yields. For that reason, one of the goals of this study was to
examine application of different doses of fertilizers on yield components and apple yield. Also, the aim
of this research was to determine a more optimal way of nutrient intake.
MATERIAL and METHOD: In order to examine the effects of fertilization rate and methods on apple
yield and yield component, an experiment was set up in apple orchard in the experimental field of the
Department of Fruit Growing, Viticulture, Horticulture and Landscape Architecture on Rimski San&evi.
Apple variety was Red Jonaprince, and experiment was arranged in split plot design with three
replications. Three different fertilizer doses were applied: N1P1K1 — 50 kg/ha N, 30 kg/ha P,Os, 60
kg/ha K,0; N2P2K2 — 100 kg/ha N, 59.8 kg/ha P,Os, 100 kg/ha K;0O; N3P3K3 — 150 kg/ha N, 80.6
kg/ha P,Os, 140 kg/ha K,0. The nutrients application was done by drip irrigation system — fertigation
and classical way. The following traits were analyzed: fruit number per tree, average fruit weight and
fruit yield per tree. The data for fruit number per tree and fruit yield per tree was recorded from 10
randomly chosen trees, and average fruit weight was determined on the basis of 10 fruits per tree per
replications. Analysis of variance was done according to the split-plot design based on mean values. The
comparison of mean values was done using the LSD test. For data processing software Statistic was
used.
RESULTS and CONCLUSIONS: The largest fruit number per tree was recorded when the highest
dose of NPK nutrients was applied by fertigation. It was significantly higher than mean value of fruit
number per tree on control plots and on plots when the lowest NPK dose was used. Classical way of
using fertilizers didn't significantly affected fruit number per tree. For the second studied trait, average
fruit weight, in classical way of fertilizer application, the highest mean value was recorded with the
lowest dose of NPK fertilizers. It was significantly different from the control. When fertilizer was
applied by fertigation, the highest mean value for this trait was found for the highest doses of NPK
nutrients. This mean value was significantly higher compared to the control and other two doses of
fertilizers. The highest fruit yield per tree was achieved with the treatments of N3P3K3 applied by
fertigation. It was statistically significantly different only in relation to the control and treatment of
N1PIK1 applied by fertigation. Although ANOVA did not establish statistical significance between the
applied fertilization methods, higher mean value for almost all studied traits were established using
fertigation. As the simultaneous application of irrigation and fertilizers increases the efficiency of
nutrient and water use, with significant savings of resources and reduction of soil and environmental
contamination, the application of fertigation provides greater opportunities for optimal solutions to the
most important agrotechnical measures of apple growin
Challenges of the republic of Serbia in the treatment of waste sludge contaminated with heavy metals
No full textThe interactions of heavy metals and cement phases in the solidification/stabilization (S/S) pro-cess have been examined. The S/S method was applied to the waste sludge contaminated with heavy metals to determine the conditions under which the treated materials can be safely disposed of at land-fills for inert, non-hazardous, or hazardous waste. Sludge samples were mixed with soil and sand to simulate improper sludge disposal directly into the soil. S/S technology was selected using different cement fractions to treat these contaminated samples. The use of Portland cement or mixtures of dif-ferent types of cement for the treatment of sludge containing heavy metals is widespread. Samples of leached content were analyzed for the presence of the following metals: arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn). The study results lead to the conclusion that the sludge contaminated with heavy metals after the application of S/S with the addition of different cement fractions is transformed into non-hazardous, monolithic material