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Economic modernization of countries, sustainable development paradigm and pandemic Covid19
No full textOne of the conditions for the long-term economic sustainability of countries is the preservation of total capital stocks observed as drivers of economic growth. This fact makes very relevant the issue of use and especially the substitutability of produced and natural capital in the production process. The answer to it is most closely related to understanding the essence of the concept of weak and strong sustainability. Starting from such explicit observations, the paper attempts to consider the elementary consequences of the crisis caused by the Covid-19 virus pandemic on the phenomenon of substitutability of produced and natural capital in the process of creating material values. It was pointed out that from the point of view of the key postulates of the development economy and the real possibilities for the outbreak of health crises, only the option of strong sustainability is acceptable in the long run
Market Perspectives for Serbian PDO Products in the Republic of Serbia
No full textProtected designation of origin products can contribute both to consumers and producers, as well as to rural development. As high percentage of population in Republic of Serbia lives in rural areas, and agricultural sector is very important for the country, protected designation of origin products could bring many benefits for the country, rural population and rural development. The objective of the paper was to analyse potential of two Serbian products, with geographical indication, in the market in Republic of Serbia. Another objective was to understand who are consumers of these products and if they would pay for these products. These questions were explored in cases of two Serbian PDO products – Futog cabbage and Petrovac sausage, on the market in Serbia
Chemometric Approach to Pesticide Residue Analysis in Surface Water
No full textDimethachlor is an herbicide used for oilseed rape protection. Previous studies have demonstrated its high mobility in the soil, which could lead to water contamination. This research aimed to determine the occurrence of dimethachlor and its metabolites (dimethachlor ethanesulfonic acid ESA and dimethachlor oxalamic acid OA) in surface water using a recently developed analytical method. This article is one of the first to document dimethachlor and its metabolites' presence in surface water samples. The samples were collected from the Danube river and Tisza river. The quantitative determination of dimethachlor and its metabolites in the obtained extracts was done by high-performance liquid chromatography. Descriptive statistical methods, including correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analyses, were utilized to analyze method validation experimental results. In addition, the artificial neural network (ANN) model was applied as an optimization tool. The developed ANN model adequately predicted observed variables, suggesting the optimum results were obtained at a pH value 7, spike value 1, and injection volume equal to 0.5 mu L. The average concentrations in Danube River samples were 1.51 mu g/L for OA 0.01 mu g/L for ESA, and 0.63 mu g/L for DMC, while the average concentrations of chloroacetanilide herbicides detected in Tisza River samples were 1.43 mu g/L for OA, 0.08 mu g/L for ESA and 1.82 mu g/L for DMC
Strategic Directions of Activities of the Intelligence and Security Agencies of the Western Balkans
No full textThe Western Balkans is geographically positioned on an important route between
Asia and Europe, while the Balkan countries are mostly politically oriented towards
the West, which is why it can be said that the entire Balkans has both a Euro Atlantic and Eurasian position. As an interesting hub with a transit position, which
has many advantages in terms of the flow of goods, services, people, capital and
ideas, there are many threatening phenomena in the Balkans. The largest of
them are organized crimes, cybercrime, terrorism, violent extremism, radicalism,
sabotage, subversive activities, intelligence work and diversion. Contemporary
global and regional security-political trends and dynamics of viral threatening
phenomena require the specific organization of the intelligence-security sector.
In addition to the imperative that the security-intelligence system has a strong
normative and organizational basis, it is necessary to determine precise strategic
directions, so that every activity of the security-intelligence capacities would be
purposeful and goal-oriented. Strategic directions are the result of political and
legal codification processes, which result from the need for continuous realization
of political and security interests of the Western Balkan countries through the
operation of the security and intelligence system. In order to achieve the goals
defined by the strategic directions, it is necessary to permanently, continuously,
coordinate and control the operation of the intelligence and security apparatus
of the countries of the Western Balkans. The mentioned convergences in the basic
principles do not exclude the existing divergences of the strategic orientations
of the security-intelligence systems, which requires a detailed and comprehensive
analysis.Zemlje Zapadnog Balkana deo su istog međunarodnog integrativnog procesa
sa jedne strane i deo istog geopolitičkog i geointeresnog previranja sa druge.
Pored toga, Zapadni Balkan je geografski pozicioniran na važnoj ruti između
Azije i Evrope, dok su balkanske zemlje većinom politički orijentisane ka Zapadu,
zbog čega se može reći da čitav Balkan ima kako evroatlanski, tako i evroazijski
položaj. Kao interesno čvorište sa tranzitnim položajem (koje ima mnogih prednosti
u vidu protoka roba, usluga, ljudi, kapitala i ideja), na Balkanu su prisutne
mnoge ugrožavajuće pojave među kojima su najveće: organizovani kriminal u
svim pojavnim oblicima (belo roblje, krijumčarenje migranata, oružje, narkotici),
teški kriminalitet, sajber kriminal, terorizam, nasilni ekstremizam, radikalizam,
subverzija, sabotaža, prevratničke aktivnosti, obaveštajni rad i diverzija. Savremeni
globalni i regionalni bezbednosno-politički tokovi i dinamika viralnih ugrožavajućih
pojava zahtevaju specifično organizovanje obaveštajno-bezbednosnog sektora.
Uz imperativ da bezbednosno-obaveštajni sistem ima snažne normativne i
organizacione osnove, neophodna je odrediti i precizne strateške pravce, kako
bi svaka aktivnost bezbednosno-obaveštajnih kapaciteta bila svrsishodna i ciljno orijentisana.
Strateški pravci rezulatat su političko-pravnih kodifikacionih procesa, a koji proističu iz potrebe kontinuiranog ostvarivanja političkih i bezbednosnih intresa zemalja Zapadnog Balkana kroz delovanje bezbednosno-obaveštajnog sistema. Kako bi se ostvarili ciljevi definisani strateškim pravcima neophodno je permanentno, neprekidno, koordinisano i kontrolisano delovanje obaveštajno-bezbednosnog aparata zemalja Zapadnog Balkana. Pomenute konvergencije u osnovnim načelima, ne isključuju postojeće divergencije strateških pravaca bezbednosno-obaveštajnih sistema, što zahteva detaljnu i sveobuhvatnu analizu
Терор османских власти над српским народом
No full textПојам страха у раду се објашњава на примеру вишевековног терора османских власти над српским народом. Народ се вековима бранио од овог терора на дефанзиван начин: бегом из пограничних области у унутрашњост земље, из вароши на кључним саобраћајницама у брда, сакаћењем и превременом женидбом мушке деце да не би постали јањичари, променом вере. Био је то резултат терором изазваног страха за материјалну егзистенцију, за живот и будућност деце, за сопствени живот али и много више од тога. Наиме, народ је био посебно дезоријентисан чињеницом да су Османлије уништавале све темеље и обележја српске државности, вере и традиције. Српско племство је убијано, манастири и цркве су спаљивани, похарани. Оваквим методама свеопштег друштвеног терора, Османлије су народу затрпавали корене, у намери да Србију дефинитивно униште као државу, нацију и појам. Са Првим српским устанком започела је борба за ослобођење не само од турског јарма већ и од индивидуалног и колективног егзистенцијалног страха
Nominal and real wages in the Republic of Serbia 2001-2020
No full textThe aim of this paper is to present, decompose and analyze time series of average gross and net nominal and real wages in the Republic of Serbia. The paper presents monthly time series of wages for the period from January 2001 to December 2020. Time time series of wages are seasonally adjusted using the software JDemetra +, ver. 2.1.0 and the X13-ARIMA program. Real gross and net wages were obtained by dividing the series of nominal average gross and net wages by the retail price index (until January 2009) and then by the consumer price index (since January
2009). It has been noticed that there are three periods in the movement of time series of wages. In the period before the Global Financial and Economic Crisis (2000-2008), nominal and real wages recorded a strong upward trend. In the post crisis period, from 2009 to 2017, there was a slowdown in wage growth. In that period, nominal wages were rising, and as a consequence of inflation, real wages stagnated. In the third period, from 2018-2020, due to wage growth in the public sector and low and stable inflation rates, both nominal and real wages have been growing. The beginning of each of these three periods coincides with changes in the methodology of calculating the average wage, which affected the appearance and variability of time series of wages, and especially the seasonal component in the series
Diskontna stopa kao ključna mikroekonomska kategorija u menadžmentu prirodnim resursima
No full textU sklopu strategijskog upravljanja životnom sredinom potreba održivog upravljanja prirodnim resursima je od primarnog značaja. Suština menadžmenta prirodnim resursima je omogućavanje nesmetanog razvoja privrede i društva, uz održivo korišćenje prirodnog kapitala. Menadžment obnovljivim i neobnovljivim prirodnim resursima se temelji na sistemskom pristupu razumevanja dugoročne dinamike kompleksnih interakcija društvenog, privrednog i prirodnog sistema. U analizi obnovljivih resursa valja se usredsrediti na istraživanje pojedinih vrsta resursa. Nužno je pri tome obratiti pažnju na ekološku ravnotežu i međuzavisnost vrsta. Pitanje optimalne upotrebe obnovljivog resursa može biti vrlo složeno budući da treba istražiti optimalnu upotrebu niza međuzavisnih vrsta. Kod menadžmenta prirodnih resursa ključna analitička kategorija je diskontna stopa. Najkraće radi se o godišnjoj stopi po kojoj se diskontuju buduće koristi ili troškovi u odnosu na sadašnje koristi ili troškove. Za obnovljive prirodne resurse osnovno pravilo optimalnog iskorišćavanja resursa je da je diskontna stopa jednaka biološkoj stopi rasta uvećanoj za rast vrednosti kapitala. Za neobnovljive prirodne resurse postoji pravilo: diskontna stopa je jednaka rast vrednosti kapitala, što znači da ih treba iskorišćavati tako da stopa rasta i cena iskorišćavanja resursa bude jednaka diskontnoj stopi
Obrazovanje kao izvor znanja valorizovanog u inovacije i koncept konkurentnosti
No full textEducation contains a large number of activities connected with the process of acquiring different forms of ordinary and specialized knowledge within formally oriented educational institutions. Concerning an individual, knowledge can be acquired by or through cognitive processes such as knowledge.Concerning a society, knowledge acquisition goes through a process of cooperation and interaction. Process of knowledge acquisition is complex and consists of numerous raw data processesof transformation into information. Unlike formal education, informal education occurs outside of a structured curriculum and formal institutions through the influences of family, work and society. Mindset expansion initiates a rising need for further education that influences the advancement of civic consciousness, science and technology development, simplifying the usage processes of natural and human resources and increasing of cultural awareness. Moreover, an education has a positive influence on performance enhancement of economic actors as well as on companies and countries competitiveness development. According to its characteristics, knowledge fundamentally differentiates in relation to manufacturing resources. That is, whenever knowledge is applied or used, it does not decrease. On the contrary, whenever knowledge is applied or transferred, it increases. Within the knowledge economy, as the phenomenon that appeared in science during the last decade of the previous century, there is the specific form of knowledge which can be characterized as the knowledge commercially turned into innovation. According to economic analysts, without exception, innovations are major driver of enterprises and countries competitiveness development. Competitiveness of a national economy relates to all economic, scientific, technological, organizational, managerial, marketing and other capabilities that can be implemented into goods and services production thus enabling the national economy to compete with foreign goods on domestic and international markets. National competitiveness is related to a country capability to achieve high economic growth rates, insurestable increase of real income and increase the standard of living. The importance of competitiveness concept has radically increased globally during the recent years. This can be explained by the fact that competitivenesscan theoretically cause more complex consequences. However, approaches to competitiveness phenomena research can vary to a large extent. On the one hand, there is a certain number of analysts who firmly state that competitiveness possesses characteristics of “modern marketing economy natural law”. On the other hand, there are analysts who think that competitiveness can be defined completely by the category of productivity.Obrazovanje obuhvata veliki broj aktivnosti povezanih sa procesom sticanja različitih opštih i specijalističkih znanja u formalnim edukativniminstitucijama. Na individualnom nivou, znanje se stvara posredstvom kognitivnih procesa kao što je učenje. Na društvenom nivou, stvaranje znanja nastaje procesom saradnje. Pritom, složeni proces stvaranja znanja sastoji se od brojnih postupaka transformacije sirovih podataka u informacije. Nasuprot formalnom, neformalno obrazovanje se odvijavan zvaničnih obrazovnih institucija pod uticajem porodice, posla i društva u celini. Proširenjem mentalnog sklopa ljudi obrazovanjedeluje na unapređenje građanske svesti, razvoj nauke i tehnologije, pojednostavljenje korišćenja prirodnih i ljudskih resursa, unapređenje kulturnog standarda stanovništva. Takođe, obrazovanjepozitivnodeluje na poboljšanje performansiekonomskih aktera uključujući i unapređenje konkurentnosti preduzeća i zemalja. Po svojim karakteristikama znanje se fundamentalno razlikuje u poređenju sa svim drugim proizvodnim resursima. Znanjese upotrebom ne troši, već mu se suprotno činom prenošenja i upotrebe vrednost povećava. U ekonomiji znanja, fenomenu koji se po prvi put pojavljuje u nauci u godinama poslednje decenije prethodnog veka, posebno je važan oblik znanja koji se može komercijalno valorizovati u inovacije. Po nepodeljenom mišljenju ekonomskih analitičara inovacije označavaju najvažniji pokretačunapređenjakonkurentnosti preduzeća, sektora i zemalja. Važnost koncepta konkurentnosti je tokom poslednjih godina radikalno porasla u globalnim relacijama. To je donekle razumljivo kada se zna da su posledice koje prate kretanje konkurentnosti postale u teorijskom smislu sve kompleksnije. Međutim, pristupi istraživanju fenomena konkurentnosti sz bitno drugojačiji. O tome svedoči činjenica da jedan broj analitičara decidno zastupa mišljenje da konkurentnost ima obeležje „prirodnog zakona moderne tržišne ekonomije“, dok drugi istraživači smatraju da se određewe konkurentnosti gotovo u celini može pojmovno poistovetiti kategorijom produktivnosti
Innovative ability as a factor of improving country competitiveness
No full textThe paper discusses the interdependence of Innovation capability of the economy and national competitiveness based on the data according to Global Competitiveness Index 4.0 (GCI 4.0) in 2019. Correlation analysis examined the interdependence of innovation ability and GC 4.0 on the example of 141 countries. First, an analysis of the interdependence of innovation capacity and competitiveness of the countries that were in the lead according to the criterion of the achieved level of competitiveness is given, and then an identical procedure was conducted on the example of ten selected countries in Southeast Europe in 2019. The research showed that the most innovative countries are also the most competitive countries in the world. What is more, the research revealed the fact that innovation is the basis of the competitiveness of the Republic of Serbia and other selected countries of Southeast Europe