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Outer and Inner Canthal Distances and their Stature Estimation Potentials among Nigerian Igbos and Ibibios Residing in Rivers State, Nigeria
Full text linkBoth inner (ICD) and outer canthal distances (OCD) are some examples of facial parameters often applicable in forensic anthropology as these differ among ancestries. Despite numerous reports on stature estimation using various facial parameters across several ancestries and ethnic groups including those of Nigeria, paucity of literature on the potentials of ICD and OCD in the estimation of stature among global populations, including Nigeria, remain evident. Thus, the present study was carried out to fill this gap for two Nigerian ethnic groups, the Igbos and Ibibios. A total of 300 adults of 18 years and above (150 Igbos and 150 Ibibios) comprising 75 males and 75 females each were randomly selected. The ICD and OCD were measured between the medial canthi and lateral canthi of the palpebral fissures of the two eyes, respectively using a transparent metric rule. Stature (height) was measured using a stadiometer using a standardized method. From the results, the mean heights for the combined population of males and females were 180.57±0.74 cm and 175.28±0.65 cm respectively. The differences between sexes for height were statistically significant (p<0.05) while there was no ethnic difference in heights of both ethnic groups observed. The present study showed that the mean ICD in males and females were 3.31 cm and 3.35 cm respectively. The Ibibio males had mean ICD of 3.32 cm compared to 3.29 cm in their females. However, ICD values of Igbos showed a higher mean in females (3.42 cm) compared to males (3.30 cm). The average OCD in males for both ethnic groups were slightly higher compared to females. Significant correlations between ICD, OCD, and stature were observed in both males and females while linear regression equations for stature estimation were derived. For males, it was as follows; Stature = 23.65(ICD) + 102.177, and Stature = 3.44(OCD) + 140.932. For females, it was thus, Stature = 4.38(ICD) + 160.575, and Stature = 2.83(OCD) + 143.518. Conclusively, there were strong associations between both canthal parameters and height in both sexes irrespective of ethnic differences
Zmiany cenowej dostępności mieszkań w miastach wojewódzkich w Polsce
Full text linkThis article discusses the issue of the affordability of housing intended for ownership. The main objective of the paper is to assess changes in the value of the composite indicator of the affordability of housing for sale. The research covered the period from 2010 to 2023, which was dictated by the availability of data; at the time of creating the database, complete data for the year 2024 was still not available, while alternative sources of information significantly differed in the manner of data processing and considerably misrepresented research results. The spatial scope of the study covered 18 cities that are regional capitals (in the Polish nomenclature, these are so-called voivodeship cities).
The paper is structured as follows: the first part briefly discusses the housing situation in Poland, then the study presents a literature review on the methodology of research on housing affordability, and, in the final part, the results of the conducted research are shown and discussed. The paper also points to selected factors and determinants that have had a significant impact on changes in housing affordability. Significant limitations of the employed methodology were also addressed, most notably the nature of the data used in the calculations. It was pointed out, among other things, that state interventionism in the field of housing policy – in particular programmes supporting households and aimed at improving creditworthiness – result in an excessive stimulation of demand for housing, which, in conditions of rigid housing supplies, causes a rapid increase in housing prices. Given the lower rate of changes in wages and the rising cost of living for households, housing affordability is deteriorating.W artykule omówiono kwestię dostępności mieszkań przeznaczonych na własność. Głównym celem artykułu jest ocena zmian wartości złożonego wskaźnika dostępności mieszkań. Badaniem objęto okres od 2010 do 2023 roku, co było podyktowane dostępnością danych źródłowych – w momencie tworzenia bazy kompletne dane za rok 2024 nie były jeszcze dostępne, zaś alternatywne źródła informacji znacząco różniły się sposobem przetwarzania danych i istotnie zaburzały wyniki badań. Zakres przestrzenny badania obejmował 18 miast – stolic regionów (miast wojewódzkich).
Struktura artykułu jest następująca: w pierwszej części zwięźle przedstawiono sytuację mieszkaniową w Polsce, następnie dokonano przeglądu literatury dotyczącej metodyki badań nad dostępnością mieszkań, a w ostatniej części przedstawiono i omówiono wyniki przeprowadzonych badań. W opracowaniu wskazano również na wybrane czynniki i determinanty, które miały istotny wpływ na zmiany dostępności mieszkaniowej. Odniesiono się także do istotnych ograniczeń zastosowanego podejścia, w tym przede wszystkim charakteru danych wykorzystanych w obliczeniach. Zwrócono m.in. uwagę, że interwencjonizm państwa w zakresie polityki mieszkaniowej, w szczególności programy wspierające gospodarstwa domowe i mające na celu poprawę zdolności kredytowej, skutkują nadmierną stymulacją popytu na mieszkania, co w warunkach sztywnej podaży mieszkań skutkuje szybkim wzrostem ich cen. Biorąc pod uwagę niższe tempo zmian wynagrodzeń i rosnące koszty utrzymania gospodarstw domowych, przystępność cenowa mieszkań pogarsza się
Lekceważenie innych a konwiwializm w emigracyjnych narracjach ANNY SEGHERS i LUISY CARNÉS
Full text linkAls sozial-historisches Phänomen der Vertreibung betrachtet, ist das Exil eins der deutlichsten Beispiele für das Scheitern jeglichen Versuchs des Zusammenlebens. Dementsprechend wiederholen sich bei den im Exil geschriebenen Texten gewisse Themen und Emotionsskripts, die sich mit dem Konzept des Konvivialismus und der Hybris in Verbindung setzen lassen – eine These, die in diesem Beitrag durch die Analyse von vier Erzählungen zweier paradigmatischen Schriftstellerinnen des deutschen bzw. spanischen Exils, ANNA SEGHERS und LUISA CARNÉS, überprüft wird.Seen as a socio-historical phenomenon of forced displacement, exile is one of the clearest examples of the failure of any attempt at convivialism. Accordingly, the texts written in exile show certain recurring themes and emotional scripts that can be linked to the concepts of convivialism and hybris – a thesis that in this article is verified through a close analysis of stories by two paradigmatic writers of German and Spanish exiles, ANNA SEGHERS and LUISA CARNÉS.Wygnanie, traktowane jako społeczno-historyczne zjawisko przemieszczenia, jest jednym z najwyraźniejszych przykładów niepowodzenia wszelkich prób współistnienia. W związku z tym teksty pisane na emigracji powtarzają pewne tematy i skrypty emocjonalne, które można powiązać z koncepcją konwiwializmu i z drugiej strony arogancji w stosunku do innych ludzi. Jest to teza, którą niniejszy artykuł analizuje na przykładzie czterech opowiadań dwóch pisarek niemieckiej i hiszpańskiej emigracji, ANNY SEGHERS i LUISY CARNÉS
Sexual Dimorphism in Estimated Stature from Long Bones in Gilimanuk, Semawang, Plawangan, and Recent Sample in Indonesia
Full text linkThe study of sexual dimorphism among ancient skeletons can provide information on community health in the past. Meanwhile, the younger geological age of skeletal remains from Gilimanuk, Semawang, and Plawangan have received little attention. This study aimed to evaluate the sexual dimorphism in estimated stature of Gilimanuk, Semawang, Plawangan, in addition to a recent sample, of long bones. Observations were conducted on 44 (16 males, 28 females) skeletal remains of Gilimanuk, nine of Semawang (five males, four females) and 11 of Plawangan, (four males, seven females), and nine of recent (four males, five females) human skeletons stored at Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Stature was estimated from the length of long bones. The highest average stature in the ancient sample was for Gilimanuk females (168.74 ± 9.18 cm) and males (174.10 ± 9.42 cm) in the age 16–<20 years. However, the averages of estimated stature in all ages were similar in both sexes. The average estimated stature of Semawang and Plawangan remains was slightly lower than those of Gilimanuk remains, i.e., 162.60 ± 3.97 and 159.08 ± 1.59 cm, respectively. In comparison, the recent human skeletons indicated that the average estimated stature was 168.32 ± 4.70 for males and 160.45 ± 6.89 cm for females. Our findings indicate that long bone measurements are comparable among remains from each sample. However, sexual dimorphism in estimated stature was clearly greater in recent human remains in comparison to Gilimanuk, Semawang, and Plawangan skeletal remains. Our findings suggest temporal changes in stature in this part of Indonesia
Brazylijska reforma zasad dotyczących cen transferowych – zgodność ze standardami Organizacji Europejskiej Współpracy Gospodarczej
Full text linkThe article analyses the international context that led to a broad reform of Brazilian domestic legislation on transfer pricing. The former Brazilian transfer pricing legislation (1996) lacked compliance with the comparability analysis and the arms’ length principle. The new legislation, published in 2023, adopted the Organisation’s for European Economic Cooperation (OECD) guidelines on the subject. One important issue that may arise from implementing the new rules and the comparability analysis in Brazil is the relative lack of databases on the subject.Artykuł zawiera analizę kontekstu międzynarodowego, który doprowadził do szeroko zakrojonej reformy brazylijskiego ustawodawstwa krajowego w zakresie cen transferowych. Poprzednie brazylijskie przepisy dotyczące cen transferowych (1996) nie były zgodne z analizą porównywalności i zasadą ceny rynkowej. Opublikowane w 2023 roku. nowe przepisy przyjęły wytyczne Organizacji Europejskiej Współpracy Gospodarczej (OECD) w tym zakresie. Ważną kwestią, która może wiązać się z wdrożeniem nowych przepisów i analizy porównywalności w Brazylii, jest względny brak baz danych na ten temat
Post-COVID-19 pandemic: Examining the moderating role of event image on visitors’ intention to revisit major events
Full text linkGrasping the perspectives of consumers is a fundamental focus for those managing events and festivals. This study investigated the impacts of aspects of awareness and event experience, namely perceived value, service quality and event image on satisfaction, along with revisit intentions to major events. The study used a quantitative analysis based on 1265 valid responses collected from a survey conducted during several major events that were held in Sarawak, Malaysia. Via partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), the findings revealed service quality as a crucial motivator towards the attendees’ satisfaction levels, and this led to their revisit intentions. The event image was found to enhance the association, while the impacts of awareness and perceived value on satisfaction were not significant. The study provides event organizers with valuable insights regarding attendees’ perceived aspects of an event, enabling the effective planning and implementation of future major events post-COVID-19
Navigating Recognition: The Symbolic Struggles in the Biographies of Young Polish Internet Content Creators
Full text linkThis paper aims to examine the symbolic struggles embedded in the biographies of internet content creators. Pursuing a relatively new profession that lacks symbolic legitimization necessitates both explanatory and emotional labor to justify a “biographical action scheme” that does not align with existing “institutionalized schedules for organizing biographies,” in Fritz Schütze’s sense. Drawing on interviews with young Polish internet content creators, I analyze these struggles through the lens of Axel Honneth’s concept of the “struggle for recognition” and Michèle Lamont’s notion of “symbolic boundaries.”
The empirical analysis suggests that the initial struggle involves proving their worth to close family and friends, who may question the legitimacy of being an influencer compared to a stable 9-to-5 job. This tension is particularly pronounced in intergenerational relationships, such as between children and their parents. The second struggle occurs between content creators and their audiences. Here, the challenge is defending oneself against justified or unjustified accusations and hate speech. The third struggle is inherent to those operating at the intersection of various social fields. For these influencers, who build their content on popular science, the lack of recognition or hostility from the academic community is another serious biographical problem.
The necessity to engage in constant power struggles, which demand considerable skill, challenges the widespread perception of internet influencing as a “childish” profession—one that offers an enjoyable job paired with undeservedly high earnings
Funkcjonowanie w dwóch kulturach organizacyjnych a zaangażowanie organizacyjne – studium przypadku firmy outsourcingowej
No full textThe aim of this article was to analyse the functioning of IT professionals from an outsourcing company operating simultaneously within two organisational cultures: that of their employing organisation and that of the client company, with a particular focus on identifying the key factors influencing their commitment to the employing organisation. The study was based on individual in-depth interviews conducted with ten professionals from Poland working within both their employing organisation’s and the client’s organisational cultures. The study results indicate that IT professionals interviewed were accustomed to outsourcing and functioned well in both organisational cultures. The participants declared a high level of organisational commitment, shaped mainly by development opportunities, good working conditions, and a supportive team. They particularly appreciated HR practices such as training budgets, course funding, and financial incentives. IT professionals consciously assessed both the advantages and disadvantages of the business model adopted and the variety of experiences resulting from working for both organisations. Furthermore, an additional aim of the article was to develop practical recommendations for outsourcing companies. These suggestions focus on good practices for effective team management and enhancing organisational commitment in the IT sector, which is characterised by a multicultural environment and an employee-driven market.Celem artykułu jest analiza funkcjonowania specjalistów IT z firmy outsourcingowej w dwóch kulturach organizacyjnych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem identyfikacji kluczowych czynników wpływających na ich zaangażowanie wobec organizacji zatrudniającej. Badanie oparto na indywidualnych wywiadach pogłębionych przeprowadzonych z 10 specjalistami działającymi równocześnie w dwóch kulturach organizacyjnych. Wyniki badania wskazują, że specjaliści IT przyzwyczajeni do outsourcingu sprawnie funkcjonują w obu kulturach organizacyjnych. Badani deklarowali wysoki poziom zaangażowania organizacyjnego, kształtowany głównie przez możliwości rozwoju, dobre warunki pracy oraz wspierający zespół. Szczególnie doceniali praktyki rynkowe, takie jak budżety szkoleniowe, dofinansowanie kursów oraz motywatory finansowe. Specjaliści IT świadomie oceniali zarówno zalety, jak i wady przyjętego modelu biznesowego oraz różnorodność doświadczeń wynikających z pracy w obu organizacjach. Ponadto dodatkowym celem badania było opracowanie praktycznych wskazówek dla firm outsourcingowych. Wskazówki te koncentrują się na dobrych praktykach w zakresie efektywnego zarządzania zespołem i zwiększania zaangażowania organizacyjnego w warunkach wielokulturowości, szczególnie w dynamicznie rozwijającym się sektorze technologii informacyjnych (IT), charakteryzującym się rynkiem pracownika
The Role of Financial Sector in Driving Economic Growth
Full text linkThe purpose of the article. This study verifies whether multidimensional financial-sector development – measured with the IMF composite indices of depth (FDI), access (FMI) and efficiency (FII) – influences key macroeconomic and social outcomes in ten high-income EU economies between 2010 and 2023.
Methodology. Standardized annual data was taken from the World Development Indicators and the IMF Financial Development Index Database. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for each country and variable pair. The statistical findings were then interpreted case-by-case to capture both short-term relationships and structural patterns.
Results of the research. Greater financial depth proved positively related to price stability and to an expansion of private-sector credit. In the short run, however, it showed no significant effect on GDP growth and coincided with a fall in household saving rates and a temporary rise in unemployment – evidence of the nonlinear, stage-dependent nature of the finance-growth nexus. The findings imply that policy makers in advanced economies should focus on balancing further financial deepening with safeguards that counteract labor-market frictions and excessive consumption growth.The purpose of the article. This study verifies whether multidimensional financial-sector development – measured with the IMF composite indices of depth (FDI), access (FMI) and efficiency (FII) – influences key macroeconomic and social outcomes in ten high-income EU economies between 2010 and 2023.
Methodology. Standardized annual data was taken from the World Development Indicators and the IMF Financial Development Index Database. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for each country and variable pair. The statistical findings were then interpreted case-by-case to capture both short-term relationships and structural patterns.
Results of the research. Greater financial depth proved positively related to price stability and to an expansion of private-sector credit. In the short run, however, it showed no significant effect on GDP growth and coincided with a fall in household saving rates and a temporary rise in unemployment – evidence of the nonlinear, stage-dependent nature of the finance-growth nexus. The findings imply that policy makers in advanced economies should focus on balancing further financial deepening with safeguards that counteract labor-market frictions and excessive consumption growth