Journals University of Lodz
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Remote Interpreting in the Context of University Training in Slovakia During the Covid-19 Pandemic
No full textRemote interpreting experienced rapid expansion during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although there are no pandemic restrictions today in Slovakia, the interpreting market has not returned to its pre-pandemic state. Presented chapter examines how Slovak universities prepared future interpreters during online education, especially in regard to remote interpreting. Focus group and individual interviews were conducted with 15 interpreting teachers from all Slovak universities that are offering translation and interpreting program. Analysis revealed a lack of systematic integration of remote interpreting in the university training before and during the pandemic; problems with finding a suitable videoconferencing platform for the training; both good and bad practices. Exploring remote interpreting during the pandemic era helps understand the current practices in the training and the market
How To Collect Cross-Linguistic Data On Valency Online
No full textThe paper presents a method of online collection of linguistic data from informants, developed in a cross-linguistic project on verbal valency in the languages of Europe. The method is essentially an online questionnaire. The rules of the creation of its contents as well as specific problems related to data provision and data annotation are discussed in detail. The proposed method ensures the appropriate level of detail needed, enables the collection of a database sizeable enough and secures the comparability of the data
“Behind Every Successful Woman is a Tribe of Other Successful Women” – A Preliminary Corpus-Assisted Study of Evaluative Adjectives in Women Entrepreneurs’ Blogs
No full textWomen entrepreneurs’ blogs represent a unique and evolving form of digital discourse, blending professional authority with personal engagement. Within this genre, evaluative language plays a crucial role in shaping credibility, persuasion, and identity. While evaluative adjectives have been widely studied in formal and academic contexts, their opinion-forming function in entrepreneurial communication remains largely unexplored.
This study investigates how opinions and evaluations are constructed through the use of evaluative adjectives in women entrepreneurs’ blogs, examining their distribution, rhetorical function, and impact on audience engagement. Using a corpus-assisted methodology, the analysis is conducted on the lexical data extracted from the Women Entrepreneurs Blog Corpus (WEBC), a dataset of 329,896 words from 318 blog posts. The study identifies evaluative adjectives through frequency-based corpus analysis and categorises them into distinct semantic groups, which serve as the foundation for examining how women entrepreneurs use linguistic choices to construct stance, authority, and persuasion in digital business communication.
A quantitative analysis of categorised evaluative adjectives reveals that positive-polarity evaluative adjectives are the most frequent, reinforcing optimism and motivation. Adjectives of importance follow, emphasising authority and expertise, while size- and time-related adjectives occur moderately, highlighting growth and progress. Attitude and emotion adjectives appear less frequently, contributing to a confident and engaging tone. Negatively-charged adjectives are rare and often reframed, whereas certainty and likelihood adjectives are the least frequent, reflecting a preference for flexibility over absolutes in entrepreneurial discourse.
By situating this analysis within the broader framework of stance and evaluation in specialised discourse, this study provides insights into how women entrepreneurs use language to formulate and express opinions, navigate professional identity, establish credibility, and engage their audiences. The research contributes to discussions on opinion expression in digital business communication, shedding light on the intersection of gender, entrepreneurship, and linguistic strategies in online discourse
Urban Un/Belonging: Translating Pre-Partition Spaces in Old Rawalpindi, Pakistan
No full textIn this article, I propose a transgressive re/inscription of the city spaces of Old Rawalpindi through the lens of Sherry Simon’s integrated translational city theory. In the wake of the 1947 partition of the Indian sub-continent into the Muslim-majority Pakistan and the Hindu-majority India, a large number of Hindus, Sikhs, and Jains living in Rawalpindi migrated to India. The numerous houses and other buildings that they left behind have been variously re/purposed, abandoned, and re/occupied by the Muslims arriving from India. The data for this study consists of documentation of these buildings, official websites and studies, interviews with the im/migrants and locals, and the researcher’s observations. The in/consistencies between the official versions and those of the current and past residents, crucially highlighted by the digital media, suggest multiple identities and a semiotic un/belonging
Surviving Hamlet: Female Trauma through the Lens of Judith Lewis Herman’s Theory
No full textThis article employs Judith Lewis Herman’s Trauma and Recovery Theory as a framework to explore the theme of female trauma in Shakespeare’s Hamlet, a play renowned for its intricate psychological depth. It analyzes the traumatic events experienced by the pivotal female characters, Queen Gertrude and Ophelia, examining their traumas, with specific focus on Gertrude’s inner struggles regarding remarriage and Ophelia’s trauma stemming from political manipulation and her lover’s betrayal. Symptoms such as hyperarousal, intrusion, and constriction observed in the female characters are scrutinized, as are the recovery efforts of both characters, in particular, Gertrude’s quest for stability and efforts at reconnection with Hamlet, as well as Ophelia’s remembrance and mourning process. Through close textual analysis and engagement with contemporary trauma scholarship, this article demonstrates that Shakespeare’s portrayal of female suffering offers nuanced insights into the interplay between personal trauma and social structures, while highlighting the limitations imposed on female recovery in a patriarchal context
45 lat „Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Archaeologica”
No full textRECEIVED 31.07.2025 • VERIFIED 03.08.2025 • ACCEPTED 03.08.2025
Funding Information: University of Lodz
Conflicts of interests: None
Ethical Considerations: The Authors assure of no violations of publication ethics and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.
The percentage share of the author in the preparation of the work is: A.A. 100%
Declaration regarding the use of GAI tools: not usedRECEIVED 31.07.2025 • VERIFIED 03.08.2025 • ACCEPTED 03.08.2025
Funding Information: University of Lodz
Conflicts of interests: None
Ethical Considerations: The Authors assure of no violations of publication ethics and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.
The percentage share of the author in the preparation of the work is: A.A. 100%
Declaration regarding the use of GAI tools: not use
Oszustwo czy bieda? Średniowieczne pierścienie zaślubinowe legnickich Żydów
No full textWedding rings have been known since antiquity. In the Roman Empire, they took the form of bands adorned with a motif of two clasped hands. In Jewish culture, the engagement (kiddushin, erusin) – during which a ring was given – and the wedding (nissu’in) were originally separate ceremonies. It was not until the early 13th century that the giving of a ring to the bride became an integral part of the wedding ritual. According to Halakha, the ring was to be made of pure gold. In practice, however, wedding rings were also made of silver, gold-plated metals, and even cheaper materials like copper. Wedding rings could take the form of ordinary rings, making them difficult to identify as archaeological artefacts. The only feature mentioned in historical sources is the engraved inscription MAZAL TOV.
MAZAL TOV not only conveyed a wish for happiness but also embodied a belief that its presence would ensure a successful union. To date, only three unquestionably medieval rings bearing this inscription are known: from Weissenfels, Colmar, and Erfurt, hoards hidden during the mid-fourteenth- century plague.
Each features a crown in the shape of a miniature building, symbolising not only the creation of a new home for the couple but also – perhaps primarily – the Temple of Solomon or the Second Temple destroyed by Titus, expressing hope for its future reconstruction.
Two Legnica rings were discovered during archaeological and architectural research conducted between 2021 and 2022 in the area bordered by Grodzka, Szpitalna, and Nowa Streets and the Galeria Piastowska building. One bears the MAZAL TOV inscription; the other has a crown in the form of Solomon’s Temple. Both are made of brass.
Jewish tradition permitted the use of silver, gold-plated, or even copper rings as symbols of marriage. However, for the marriage to be valid, the groom was required to inform the bride of the ring’s actual material. If the bride was unaware of its true value, the marriage was considered invalid.
The use of gold-imitating materials in the Legnica rings suggests they were made for poorer members of the Jewish community. However, the possibility of deliberate deception cannot be excluded. Even today, nearly 600 years later, these rings gleam with a golden hue, suggesting that they were made of precious metal.
RECEIVED 20.05.2025 • VERIFIED 15.07.2025 • ACCEPTED 15.08.2025
Funding Information: Pracownia „ARCHEOLOGIA B.C.”, Wrocław; Pracownia „VERBA”, Legnica; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
Conflicts of interests: None
Ethical Considerations: The Authors assure of no violations of publication ethics and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.
The percentage share of the author in the preparation of the work is: CB 34%, WŁ 33%, JM 33%
Declaration regarding the use of GAI tools: not usedPierścienie zaślubinowe znane są już od czasów starożytnych. W imperium rzymskim przybierały one formę obrączki ozdobionej połączonymi w uścisku. W kulturze żydowskiej początkowo zaręczyny (kiddushin, erusin) – na których wręczano pierścień – i ślub (nissu’in) były odrębnymi ceremoniami, a dopiero od początków XIII w. przekazanie pierścienia pannie młodej staje się integralną częścią ceremonii ślubnych. Według Halachy pierścień taki musiał być wykonany wyłącznie z czystego złota. Jednakże w praktyce używano także biżuterii wykonanej ze srebra i pozłacanej oraz miedzianej. Pierścienie zaślubinowe mogły mieć formę zwykłej obrączki i w takich przypadkach niemożliwa jest ich identyfikacja w materiale zabytkowym. Jedyną cechą charakterystyczną zanotowaną w źródłach pisanych jest obecność wygrawerowanego na nich napisu MAZAL TOV.
Napis MAZAL TOV to nie tylko życzenia szczęścia, ale i wiara, że użycie pierścienia zapewni udany związek. Jak do tej pory znamy tylko trzy bezspornie średniowieczne pierścienie z takim napisem – z Weissenfels, Colmar i Erfurtu, wchodzące w skład skarbów ukrytych w trakcie epidemii dżumy w połowie wieku XIV. Wszystkie mają koronę w kształcie miniaturowego budynku. Symbolizuje on nie tylko budowę nowego domu młodej pary, lecz także – o ile nie przede wszystkim – świątynię Salomona lub też Drugą Świątynię zburzoną przez Tytusa i nadzieję na jej odbudowę w przyszłości.
Dwa pierścienie legnickie odkryto w trakcie badań archeologiczno-architektonicznych prowadzonych w latach 2021–2022 w kwartale zabudowy ograniczonym ul. Grodzką, Szpitalną i Nową oraz budynkiem Galerii Piastowskiej. Jeden z nich nosi napis MAZAL TOV, zaś drugi ma koronę w kształcie świątyni Salomona, a oba wykonane są z mosiądzu.
W tradycji żydowskiej możliwym było wręczenie oblubienicy srebrnego lecz pozłacanego, a także i miedzianego pierścienia jako symbolu zawarcia małżeństwa. Jednakże aby małżeństwo było ważne, pan młody powinien powiadomić oblubienicę, z jakiego surowca pierścień jest wykonany. Gdy panna młoda nie była świadoma rzeczywistej wartości pierścienia, małżeństwo było nieważne.
Surowiec jedynie imitujący złoto wykorzystany do wykonania legnickich pierścieni sugeruje, iż przeznaczone one były dla uboższych warstw żydowskiej społeczności. Nie należy jednakże wykluczać możliwości wykorzystania ich w celu dokonania oszustwa. Nawet dziś, po upływie prawie sześciuset lat od zdeponowania, lśnią one złotym blaskiem, sugerując, iż wykonane zostały właśnie z tego szlachetnego surowca.
RECEIVED 20.05.2025 • VERIFIED 15.07.2025 • ACCEPTED 15.08.2025
Funding Information: Pracownia „ARCHEOLOGIA B.C.”, Wrocław; Pracownia „VERBA”, Legnica; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
Conflicts of interests: None
Ethical Considerations: The Authors assure of no violations of publication ethics and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.
The percentage share of the author in the preparation of the work is: CB 34%, WŁ 33%, JM 33%
Declaration regarding the use of GAI tools: not use
Prasa – zwierciadłem idei, lęków i nadziei? Wokół monografii Małgorzaty Marii Krakowiak pt. Edukacja młodzieży w prasie społeczno-kulturalnej i pedagogicznej Królestwa Polskiego w latach 1905–1914, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź 2024, ss. 411
No full textThe review of Małgorzata Maria Krakowiak’s monograph Youth Education in the Socio-Cultural and Pedagogical Press of the Kingdom of Poland, 1905–1914 presents the work as a pioneering study of press discourse on youth. The review emphasizes the book’s interdisciplinarity, methodological maturity, and its value for the history of education and historical media studies, while noting the underused potential of visual analysis.Recenzja monografii Małgorzaty Marii Krakowiak Edukacja młodzieży w prasie społeczno-kulturalnej i pedagogicznej Królestwa Polskiego w latach 1905–1914 ukazuje dzieło jako pionierskie studium dyskursu prasowego o młodzieży. Recenzja podkreśla interdyscyplinarność, metodologiczną dojrzałość i znaczenie książki dla badań nad historią wychowania oraz medioznawstwem historycznym, wskazując zarazem na niewykorzystany potencjał analizy wizualnej
