UP Journals (Univ. of Pretoria)
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Section 14 of the Children’s Act 38 of 2005 and the child’s capacity to litigate
Get PDFSection 14 of the Children’s Act provides that every child has the right to bring, and to be assisted in bringing a matter to a court. In this contribution section 14 and the effect thereof on a child’s capacity to litigate are analysed. The aim of this article is to investigate the common-law rules applicable to a child as a party to litigation in South Africa. Furthermore, it is to determine to what extent section 14 has amended the common-law restrictions and how these restrictions were managed in the past. The development of the role of the curator ad litem by the judiciary is commented on. The Constitution in section 28(1)(h) grants a child a right to have a legal practitioner at state expense to render assistance to the minor in civil proceedings affecting the child, if the failure to do so would otherwise result in substantial injustice. The distinct roles of a curator ad litem and a section 28(1)(h) representative were clarified in case law. Although section 14, together with section 10 of the Children’s Act, make a contribution towards children’s participation in legal proceedings, it is submitted that section 14 does not dispose of the formal requirements of the common law applying to litigation by or on behalf of a child
Tax characteristics of an ideal holding company location
Get PDFThe South African government announced in 2008 that it intends to promote South Africa as a suitable company headquarter jurisdiction for investment in Africa in general and the sub-Saharan region in particular. In order to achieve this goal the regulatory, economic and legal frameworks need to be suitable for international investment. One of the items of the economic and legal framework under review is the tax regime. The tax regime may contain attributes that are adverse to international holding companies and those that are favourable to such companies. This article analyses the tax characteristics of an ideal holding company regime and further observes the specific aspects of South Africa\u27s tax laws as they affect holding companies and that would ensure that South Africa becomes an ideal holding company location. These are mainly a favourable capital gains tax regime, low income taxes, no or low tax on dividends, unilateral avoidance of double taxation, a favourable tax treaty network, the absence of controlled foreign company legislation and a liberal thin capitalisation and transfer pricing regime. Certain tax characteristics such as a unilateral avoidance of double taxation in the form of the granting of a tax credit on foreign taxed paid, participation exemption and the abundance of double tax treaties effectively attract investment in the form of holding companies into a country with such attributes. On the other hand features such as controlled foreign company provisions and stringent transfer pricing and thin capitalisation provisions have an opposite effect. Even in cases where the provisions do not apply to holding companies, the mere presence of the provisions could still deter foreign investors
Legal issues associated with the use of do not resuscitate orders in US schools
Get PDFDo not resuscitate (DNR) orders generally are directives prepared by physicians at the request of parents to cease or deescalate life-supporting services based on a medical diagnosis that a child has reached a terminal condition where he or she can no longer make decisions for themselves and have no medical probability of recovering from their comatose or vegetative state. Such DNR orders, however, raise critical issues about the authority of parents and medical professionals to make decisions for children who often are not in a mental or physical state to comprehend the nature of the DNR order, the rights of children to continued life despite their debilitating or terminal conditions, and the responsibilities of school personnel to implement a DNR order that may result in greater impairment or death for a student. Litigation involving DNR orders has almost invariably focused on minor children in medical settings although medical and nursing publications have provided considerable advice concerning emergency care in schools. However, most of these publications tend to address life-threatening medical emergencies to students in general in the context of limiting liability, with limited focus on the continuing and persistent needs of disabled students. The purpose of this article will be to examine some of the policy issues connected to the appropriateness of DNR orders in school settings, especially as they impact students with disabilities
Santam Limited v Dial Direct Limited and Joe Public (Pty) Ltd Unreported Western Cape High Court case number 13278/11 (WCC): Intellectual property law: Copyright and ASA implications of an insurance television commercial
Get PDFLongfellow v BOE Trust Ltd NO (13591/2008) [2010] ZAWCHC 117) Mabika v Mabika [2011] ZAGPJHC 109 Taylor v Taylor [2011] ZAECPEHC 48: Requirements in terms of section 2(3) of the Wills Act 7 of 1953: Some comments on judgments in recent case law
Get PDFReflections on finality in arbitration
Get PDFHierdie artikel oorweeg die Telcordia- en Lufuno-sake vanuit die oogpunt van die finaliteit van ’n arbitrasiebevel. Die vraag wat te berde kom, is wanneer ’n arbitrasiebevel finaliteit bereik waar ’n saak voor meer as een forum (arbitrasie en staatlike howe), in meer as een jurisdiksie gevoer word. Die prosedurele meganismes wat Amerikaanse en Suid-Afrikaanse howe tydens die Telcordia-dispuut toegepas het asook hul onderskeie benaderings tot res iudicata, het ’n groot mate van ooreenstemming getoon. Dit is te verstane dat die afhandeling van ’n internasionale proses vertraag kan word deur bepaalde grondwetlike regte wat die spoed van die afhandeling van ’n saak kan beïnvloed. Nietemin, indien die reg op ’n billike verhoor op enige stadium in die verrigtinge gepleit mag word, word ’n geleentheid geskep vir die dispuut om vryelik te eskaleer gedurende die verhoor. Dit kan die hofproses oopstel vir misbruik en die afhandeling van die geskil vertraag. Die minderheidsbeslissing in Lufuno skenk ’n mate van oorweging aan die potensiële negatiewe implikasies hiervan. Die finaliteit van die geskilbeslegtingsproses kan na behore bestuur word aan die hand van ’n wyer interpretasie van res iudicata in internasionale dispute en ’n meer geredelike ondersoek hierna, op die hof se inisiatief. Die moontlikheid dat die Telcordia-dispuut verder bespoedig sou kon word, word ondersoek met verwysing na die New York Konvensie op die Erkenning en Afdwing van Arbitrasiebevele van 1958, en aan die hand van aanbevelings wat deur ander gerekende internasionale liggame uitgereik is
Diverse probleme rondom die bestaan en geldigheid van ’n testament by die dood van die testateur (deel 1)
Get PDFExecuting a will is an important step in estate planning. A will gives the testator the opportunity to bequeath his assets and to indicate how he wants his estate to be distributed after his death. Not only is the proper execution of a will important but it should be updated regularly and carefully to provide for changed circumstances. The will must accordingly be readily available for the testator to amend or revoke. The availability of the will after the testator’s death is crucial in order for the administration process to commence. Although an easily accessible will can lead to problems surrounding the authenticity of the will, it can contribute to the prompt administration of the estate as it must be submitted to the master in terms of the Administration of Estates Act.
In this article numerous problems relating to the existence, availability and recovery of a will at the death of the testator are discussed. Interrelated issues such as forgery, lost wills, missing wills, concealment of wills and revocation by destruction of a will are discussed with reference to case law and other examples. Questions as to the proper custody of the will, before and after the death of the testator, resolving disputes amongst next-of-kin, and the onus of proof, are discussed. Cases, that in fact dealt with common law lost wills, but where section 2(3) condonation applications were incorrectly brought, are discussed. Possible resolutions for the miscellaneous problems with wills are explored and recommendations made to solve potential problems
Cosmetic surgery and responsible patient selection - does a legal duty to screen patients exist?
Get PDFDaar is sekere unieke uitdagings wat pasiëntkeuse vir kosmetiese chirurgie betref. Die uitdaging wat kosmetiese chirurge in die gesig staar is hoe om reeds voor chirurgiese ingryping pasiënte te identifiseer wat ’n swak resultaat in terme van sielkundige aanpassing en psigososiale funksionering sal hê, ten spyte van ’n tegnies aanvaarbare resultaat. Aangesien sielkundige faktore onderliggend is aan die meeste versoeke vir kosmetiese chirurgie, word daar aan die hand gedoen dat kosmetiese chirurge ’n regsplig het om bewus te wees van algemeen erkende psigiatriese toestande en simptome. Kosmetiese chirurge, meer so as die meeste ander spesialiste, moet aandagtige luisteraars wees met kliniese vernuf wat strek buite die tipiese grense van medisyne en siekte. Die deliktuele, strafregtelike en kontraktuele aanspreeklikheid van ’n kosmetiese chirurg wat opereer op ’n sielkundig onstabiele pasiënt word in besonderhede bespreek. Die bespreking vind plaas aan die hand van ’n Amerikaanse saak, die enigste saak van sy soort ter wêreld, waar die vraag of ’n pasiënt wat ly aan liggaamsdismorfiese versteuring geldige toestemming tot kosmetiese chirurgie kan gee, aangespreek is
‘The Dead Will Arise’: A Review of These Potatoes Look Like Humans: The Contested Future of Land, Home and Death in South Africa
Get PDFThe book under review These Potatoes Look Like Humans: The Contested Future of Land, Home and Death in South Africa, by uMbuso weNkosi is grappling with the above-mentioned question in an indirect way. This is because while the author provides a graphic and honest description of the relationship between violence and agriculture in the context of white settler colonialism, he stops short of recommending a Fanonian solution to this problem of white settler colonialism in ‘South Africa’. Despite this ‘intellectual timidity’ of the ‘big’ author of this book under review, it is a well-written book. Readers who are interested in the debate about the land question in ‘South Africa’ will benefit from this book’s critique of the reduction of the land question to economics. The author competently extends the land question beyond the realm of political economy and embeds it within the domain of spirituality and belonging in terms of African culture and worldview/’world sense’
Remembering the Pass – Exploring curatorial reenactment in PASS-AGES: References & Footnotes
No full textThe exhibition, PASS-AGES: References & Footnotes (2010), curated by Gabi Ngcobo, was site-specific and took place at the former Pass Office in Johannesburg, a space not officially acknowledged as a struggle site. Ngcobo, recognising the potential for using dynamic display formats to mobilise a curatorial concept, brought memory to the fore by installing artworks at the Pass Office as reenactments of evidence. I argue that PASS-AGES invokes traumatic memory through curatorial reenactment, and indicates the potentials for reenactment to explore repressed histories that still hold presence in a contemporary moment. Memory is thus invoked as an additional “text” to mobilise the conceptual framework, akin to how remembrance is often used in the continuous struggle for justice. Employing an autoethnographic methodology, which describes an analytical approach used to critically examine the researcher’s own experiences as a means to access greater understanding of cultural experience, I allow the reader to experience the exhibition through my own account. I argue that, as a nomadic curator, Ngcobo was freed from contextual, spatial, or methodological limitations traditionally bound to a colonial logic of curatorial practice. I convey that a nomadic curatorial approach can be adopted to critique traditional or institutional curatorial paradigms. To this end, I argue that Ngcobo was able to engage care in her practice by using reenactment to interrogate memory in a manner that may otherwise have been subdued within an institutional context