UP Journals (Univ. of Pretoria)
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Plain packaging and its impact on trademark law
Get PDFHandelsmerke word ruim beskerm en wetgewers laat die eienaars van handelsmerke tot ’n groot mate toe om hulle handelsmerke ongestoord te gebruik. Daar is egter ’n nuwe wetgewende tendens op die horison wat ’n bedreiging inhou vir handelsmerke. Hierdie wetgewing, wat hoofsaaklik op tabakprodukte gemik is, vereis dat sodanige produkte slegs in voorgeskrewe ongetooide verpakking te koop aangebied mag word. Die verpakking is effekleurig en slegs die handelsnaam mag op die voorkant verskyn. Dit is die gevolg van riglyne uitgereik deur die Wêreld Gesond-heidsorganisasie na aanleiding van die konvensie oor die beheer van tabakprodukte. Australië is die eerste land wat by wyse van wetgewing aan die riglyne uitvoering gegee het en hierdie wetgewing het toetsing deur die howe deurstaan. Dit wil voorkom of Suid-Afrika ook afstuur op soortgelyke wetgewing. Die gebruik van ongetooide verpakking kan egter onverwagse gevolge inhou. Vervalsing en sluikhandel word tot ’n groot mate bekamp deur die eienaars van handelsmerke wat hulle handelmerke teen misbruik beskerm. Indien tabakprodukte in ongetooide verpakking verkoop moet word, kan dit vervalsing en sluikhandel bevorder deurdat dit makliker sal wees om die verpakking na te boots en moeiliker sal wees vir die eienaars van handelsmerke om hulle regte af te dwing
Building the „Russieafrique“: Russian influence operations changing the geopolitics in the Sahel
Get PDFThis article examines the tools which the Russian Federation, as a master of influencing operations and unconventional political warfare, currently utilises in West Africa to strengthen its political, economic, military, and diplomatic ties with Sahelian countries, thereby altering the geopolitical balance and pushing out the so-called West from its historical sphere of influence. The research focuses on the case of the Republic of Mali, where a few years of efficient implementation of these tools led to the withdrawal of the Western Bloc, and the re-emergence of the Russian Federation. The article not only explains what happened in Mali and the Sahel that caused the re-emergence of Russia and the ousting of the Western Bloc, but also focuses on the question of how exactly this happened, what means and instruments were utilised by Russia to make these events happen, and discusses possible implications of these events for the Western states. The research findings can be used to detect the indicators of the use of Russian instruments of influence to achieve its political goals in other parts of the Sahel and Africa, as well as in other environments like Ukraine or Europe
Embedded participation in the architectural curriculum towards engendering urban citizenship in graduates
No full textInstilling ethical development and a regard for the production of urban space through vertical and horizontal curriculum participation may equip architectural graduates with the capacity to engage with the complexity and temporal fluidity of urban citizenship. Creative outputs of four academic year groups in an Architecture department who engaged with a particular township community in South Africa were considered in terms of Perry’s Scheme of Intellectual and Ethical Development and how this relates to Lefebvre’s notion of lived space. The students’ levels of engagement and recognition of the complexity of social structures were reflected in the levels of ethical development presented in the models used. In this paper we argue that it is necessary to distribute curricular participation vertically throughout the curriculum to ensure that students are able to transcend from one level to the following in order to resolve the complexities they are confronted with in the spatial and ontological challenges inscribed within urban citizenship
A critical analysis of access to maternal, sexual and reproductive health services for women with disabilities in Uganda
Get PDFGlobal statistics indicate that 15 per cent of the world’s population experience some form of physical, sensory, developmental, intellectual or psychosocial disability. Over 12 per cent of Uganda’s population lives with some form of disability. Disability is an evolving concept that requires adequate attention if barriers, including access to maternal, sexual and reproductive health (MSRH) services, are to be overcome. The interface of MSRH rights and disability rights highlights the intersectionality of discrimination in terms of gender; SRH – as a discourse under the second generation of rights; and women with disabilities as a marginalised group. Hence, this paper positions disability rights as the individual right of a woman with disability requiring specific attention, and as a collective right that must be mainstreamed in all legal and policy frameworks. Although experiencing the same maternal healthcare needs as non-disabled women, women with disabilities face different challenges in both the seeking of and the delivery of MSRH services. Reproductive health laws and policies guiding MSRH planning and budgeting, have poorly acknowledged women with disabilities’ voices and lived experience. Consequently, barriers continue to manifest themselves, not only in social attitudes but also in women with disabilities’ priorities, environmental access to, and appropriately formatted information on MSRH services. This paperprovides a critical analysis of existing laws and policies on MSRHR for women with disabilities. It identifies gaps and provides recommendations to promote inclusive MSRHR services for women with disabilities. It presents a qualitative study of literature on existing policies, frameworks, laws and reports, benchmarking them against global commitments and international human rights instruments. It is also enriched by in-depth interviews of key stakeholders in the central region of Uganda
‘SEE PRETORIA THROUGH NEW EYES’: Modernism, memory, and the apartheid city
Get PDFThis essay starts out with a reflection on a 1996 advertisement for Pretoria, featuring twelve images of Nelson Mandela in different costumes, each representing a tourist site or leisure activity in the city. It goes on to argue, however, that the pleasurable ‘seeing Pretoria with new eyes’ the advertisement touts is not all that is required for a new interdisciplinary scholarly account of the city’s history: we need to consider the complexities, or even confusions at stake in apartheid-era Pretoria, a city that was—like apartheid itself—both aggressively modern and retrograde. As an instigation for further scholarship, the essay offers some reflections on Pretoria’s built environment and, drawing on the work of memory, suggests what it was like for a young person to navigate the disconcerting—almost uncanny—nature of the city in the years right before the Soweto uprising
William Kentridge’s Monument (1990) as counter-monument and the embodiment of negative aesthetics
Get PDFThis article analyses the film Monument (1990), created by South African artist William Kentridge. It frames the analysis around James E Young’s original ideas of the counter-monument and negative aesthetics. The former is defined as an anti-monument or a memorial that is open-ended, provocative, and subversive. The latter, Young’s negative aesthetics, is defined as anti-redemptive art or counterart, that is, a critical aesthetic. This is art that provokes, shocks, and repels, while critically challenging the audience to remember. Arguing for the film and its antihero Harry as both counter-monuments and the embodiment of negative aesthetics, I make a significant contribution to the already established work on William Kentridge by providing a unique reading of his film as a counter-monument. This article also works as a concept document for interrogating James E Young’s counter-monument outside of the context that gave rise to its initial conceptualisation, that is, post-World War II Germany and the Holocaust. In doing so, I also make a contribution to the scholarly debate surrounding counter-monuments; countermemory; and negative aesthetics, by contending that not only Holocaust (non)representations are counter-monumental, but other (counter)artistic responses to historical traumas or catastrophes, such as apartheid, can also be countermonuments, in this case, film
Dismantling dichotomies: Alan Alborough’s material conceptualism
Get PDFAlan Alborough uses industrial materials like cable ties, plastic bottles, clothes pegs and fishing gut to create intricate installations that explore art-making processes and challenge the conventions of display and spectatorship in the field of exhibition. As a result, Alborough is regarded as a leading contemporary South African conceptual artist. Despite Alborough’s deliberate use of specific materials and the close attention he pays to the construction of his installations, much of the writing on Alborough fails to explore the apparent disjuncture between the material and conceptual in his work.
In this article, I investigate the relationship between the material and the conceptual in Alborough’s works. I argue that his preoccupation with materiality challenges the construction of conceptual art as a dematerialised art. I begin with a discussion of one of Alborough’s artworks that characterises his interest in the conceptual and material. I then consider some reasons why the materiality of Alborough’s works is overlooked. This is followed by a brief discussion of some challenges materiality poses for conceptual art. I recommend social anthropological theories of materiality which, when applied to Alborough’s works, are useful in revealing the ways in which this artist challenges the dichotomy of materiality and concept commonly associated with conceptual art