UP Journals (Univ. of Pretoria)
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Creating Bilingual Corpora for isiZulu: A Case Study from the University of KwaZulu-Natal
No full textAlthough several bilingual resources exist, there is a lack of domain-specific, institutionally verified parallel corpus focusing on academic and administrative texts. Existing datasets such as Autshumato English–isiZulu corpus, UNISA English/Zulu Parallel Corpus, and the WebCrawl African Corpus hosted on GitHub provide valuable material but differ in accessibility, domain coverage, and documentation. To complement these initiatives, the University Language Planning and Development Office (ULPDO) at the University of KwaZulu-Natal has developed a curated isiZulu–English Parallel Corpus comprising 10,000 carefully aligned sentence pairs drawn from institutional and academic texts. This paper outlines the corpus compilation process, including data sourcing, cleaning, alignment, and validation, and discusses key structural and linguistic challenges encountered. The resource contributes to translation studies, terminology development, and multilingual natural language processing, while supporting ongoing efforts to advance the digital presence and intellectualisation of isiZulu
A comparison between formal debt administration and debt review - the pros and cons of these measures and suggestions for law reform (Part 1)
Full text linkRoughly a decade ago, after complaints from consumers about abuse of the debt administration procedure, the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development launched a project aimed at reforming this procedure This project was however suspended because of an independent initiative by the Department of Trade and Industry to reform consumer protection legislature, culminating in the National Credit Act of 2007. Sadly, when instituting the debt reviewing procedure in the National Credit Act the legislature let pass a golden opportunity to properly and completely revise the law regarding debt relief measures. In addition the legislature did not properly consider the relationship between debt review and other existing debt relief measures, in particular the administration order. The aim of the first part of this article is therefore to analyse administration as set out in the Magistrates Court Act and debt review as set out in the National Credit Act, and in doing so to identify certain positive and negative aspects of both these procedures. In the second part of this article a comparison between administration and debt review is drawn and suggestions for possible legal reform are made. The authors suggest that South Africa is in need of a complete reformation of its debt rescheduling measures and that the legislature should make provision for a single measure applicable to all debt rescheduling cases. With regard to the comparison drawn between administration and review, the authors highlight the main issues the legislature should, according to them, take into accordance when contemplating such a new rescheduling process
Legislation and policies: Progress towards the right to inclusive education
Full text linkDie doel van enige onderwysstelsel is die voorsiening van gehalte onderwys aan alle leerders, afgesien van hulle vlak van onderwys. Die ontwikkeling van wetgewing en beleid het baie aandag ontvang en dit weerspieël die Suid-Afrikaanse regering se verbintenis om die diversiteit in die leerderpopulasie te verseker. In lyn met die regering se verantwoordelikheid om beleid te ontwikkel en die transformasieprogram te lei, is die witskrif ontwikkel wat spesifiek gerig is op leerders met leerprobleme. Inklusiewe onderwys kan suksesvol wees indien ons erken dat onderwys die gesamentlike verantwoordelikheid van ouers, onderwysers, kurrikulumkundiges en die gemeenskap is. Inklusiewe onderwys vir almal soos vervat in beleid en wetgewing loop die risiko om eksklusief vir baie leerders in Suid-Afrika te word. Die artikel fokus op die vraag of Suid-Afrika werklik gevorder het in sy belofte van inklusiewe onderwys vir almal deur die daarstel van beleid en wetgewing
Educational law in democracy - Who guards the guardians? Freedom of expression and whistle-blowers - A personal narrative
Full text linkDie bespreking van die opvoeder se reg op vryheid van uitdrukking in hierdie artikel spruit voort uit ’n departementele tugverhoor wat werklik plaasgevind het. Die opvoeder het, aldus die klagstaat, met die pers gepraat oor ’n voorval wat by die skool plaasgevind het. Die Departement beweer dat die opvoeder nie met die pers mag praat sonder die toestemming van die Departement nie. Hy sou dan ook nie sodanige toestemming gehad het nie. Tydens die verhoor het die skrywer as vakbondverteenwoordiger namens die opvoeder gepoog om die voorsittende beampte te oortuig dat die geldigheid van die klagtes oorweeg moet word in die lig van die opvoeder se reg op vryheid van spraak, welke reg nie willekeurig deur amptenare van die Departement beperk kan word nie. Dit sou beteken dat dit geldige aanklagtes moet wees. Hierdie verweer was nie suksesvol nie. Die aandag van die voorsittende beampte is ook gevestig op nuwe kinderwetgewing wat die beskerming van kinders vereis en die aanmelding van bepaalde oortredings verpligtend maak vir opvoeders. Die voorsittende beampte kon dit aanvaar, maar alleen aanmelding aan die polisie maar nie aan die pers nie. ’n Laaste poging is aangewend deur die voorsittende beampte se aandag te vestig op die voorskrifte van die Wet op Beskermde Bekendmakings 26 van 2000, wat die werkgewer gebied om, onder omstandighede waar aan die vereistes van die Wet voldoen is, ’n werknemer wat so ’n bekendmaking doen, te beskerm en verder die werkgewer verbied om die werknemer aan beroepsnadeel te onderwerp, wat in hierdie geval ’n skorsing en tugverhoor behels het. Ook hierdie poging was onsuksesvol. In die loop van die bespreking word ook melding gemaak van die basiese vereistes vir ’n billike verhoor wat verontagsaam is en wat buitendien daartoe behoort te lei dat die verrigtinge op appèl ter syde gestel behoort te word
The labour rights of educators in South Africa and Germany and quality education: An exploratory comparison
Full text linkDie aandrang op toegang tot onderwys vir almal soos vergestalt in die Education for All-beweging van die 1990s het deur die jare verander in ’n aandrang op toegang vir almal tot kwaliteit basiese onderwys soos beoog in die Dakar Framework for Action Education for All: Meeting Our Collective Commitments. Wêreldwyd was daar al etlike pogings om kwaliteit-onderwys te definieer en dit word telkens in verband gebring met onder meer die kwaliteit van onderwysers en die gehalte van hulle opleiding, hoewel geen reglynige verhouding aangedui kan word nie. Die UNESCO/ILO Recommendation concerning the Status of Teachers van 1966 gaan van die standpunt uit dat opvoeders toegang tot bepaalde regte, insluitende arbeidsregte, moet hê om hulle werk om kwaliteit-onderwys te voorsien behoorlik te kan doen. In Suid-Afrika het opvoeders volle eenvormige toegang tot die volledige reeks arbeidsregte in die Grondwet en ander wetgewing terwyl daar in Duitsland twee stelsels arbeidsregte vir opvoeders geld. Baie navorsing is nog nodig oor die verhouding tussen opvoeders se arbeidsregte (en die gebruik en misbruik daarvan) en die kwaliteit van onderwys en ons voer aan dat beperkings op fundamentele arbeidsregte en volle en onbeperkte toegang tot arbeidsregte sonder om enige ander faktore rakende kwaliteit-onderwys in ag te neem beide problematies is
Stitching and unpicking ambivalence toward womanhood and maternity in works by Ilené Bothma : Material Narratives
No full textIlené Bothma knits with nylon stockings, stitches with human hair, and performs interventional actions with household furniture. Many of her canvases are vintage handkerchiefs and stockings. The body – specifically female and maternal bodies – is everywhere signalled, but seldom present. The artist also produces meticulously detailed, naturalistic paintings of her own and others’ knitting, embroidery and crochet. Her delicate patterning with hair and her paintings of fabric soiled by bodily fluids provide a reflective tension within her work that speaks to how narratives of gendered roles and identities are written into representation. What the artist calls her ‘deliberately bad knitting’ is central here (Bothma 2020b). Bothma also creates a narrative for the work itself, encouraging possibilities for the interpretation of creative labour. As Valerie Mainz and Griselda Pollock (2000:3) put it, ‘attention [is] given here to the work process by which an image is itself produced’. What emerges is a foregrounding of women’s ambivalence
Tomboys: Performing gender in popular fiction
No full textIn the nineteenth century, new characters exploded onto the pages of popular novels: forthright, self-reliant and self-aware girls who became known as tomboys. Like Jo March storming through the pages of Little women, these brave and boisterous young women charmed and astonished readers, and profoundly influenced generations of girls. This article examines the impact of the tomboy in literature, its confluence with other, older, archetypes such as the cross-dressing warrior maid, and its development alongside other proto-feminist heroines of the nineteenth century: the Female Gentleman and the Plucky Girl. The article interrogates not only the character traits of fictional tomboys, but also the narrative arcs and tropes with which they were often associated, such as the Tamed Tomboy, who, like Jo March, comes to learn the real meaning of womanhood, as defined through her mother and sisters, in marriage; and the Incorrigible Tomboy, like George in the Famous five books, who resists all efforts to be treated ‟like a girl”. The article further explores the continued relevance of these famous nineteenth- and twentieth-century tomboys, whose performances of gender and sexuality echo in recent fiction for children and young adults through characters such as Katniss Everdeen in the Hunger games trilogy, the genderfluid Micah in Justine Larbelestier\u27s Liar, or overtly queer heroines such as Kaede in Malinda Lo\u27s Huntress. What has the tomboy in literature meant to twenty-first century understandings of gender performativity? And, importantly, what stories about gender – what possible lives – do these characters construct for the young women who read them
The spectre-image: A hauntology of Skoonheid and Kanarie
No full textThe aim of this paper is to interrogate and trace the ghosts of heteronormative whiteness – and thus the spectres of queerness and blackness, specifically racial erasure through gendered foregrounding – in two recent motion pictures dealing with white, Afrikaner homosexuality, namely the 2011 film, Skoonheid (Beauty) and the 2018 film Kanarie (Canary). My aim is to look beyond the osten-sible strengths of these films in terms of their representations of Afrikaner homosexual masculinities, both during and since the disbandment of apartheid, in order to see whether these films are indeed as politically progressive as they seem to be. Drawing on Gilles Deleuze’s cinema books and Jacques Derrida’s notion of hauntology – a wordplay on ‘haunting’ and ‘ontology’ – I investigate here the ways in which subjectivities and geographies (place/space) in Skoonheidand Kanarie produce and reproduce knowledges about race, gender and difference, and map some ways in which these are assimilated into socio-political, geographical and temporal configurations through what I call the spectre-image