UP Journals (Univ. of Pretoria)
Not a member yet
4792 research outputs found
Sort by
A contractual perspective on the strict liability principle in the World Anti-Doping Code*: ’n Kontraktuele Perspektief op die Beginsel van Strenge Aanspreeklikheid in die World Anti-Doping Code
No full textDie beginsel van strenge aanspreeklikheid in die World Anti-doping Code bepaal dat indien die atleet se bloed of urinemonster ’n positiewe resultaat vir verbode middels toon, die atleet outomaties skuldig is aan ’n oortreding ingevolge die kode. Die skuldigbevinding staan ongeag of die atleet op ’n skuldige of onskludige wyse gehandel het. Die afwesigheid van skuld sal slegs ’n rol speel by die bepaling van die sanksie wat die atleet ontvang. Hierdie beginsel is direk uit die privaatreg oorgeplant om toepassing te vind in dissiplinêre verhore wat handel oor die gebruik van verbode middels in sport. Sommige skrywers meen dat privaatregtelike beginsels nie ’n plek in dié soort tugverhore behoort te hê nie. Hulle verloor egter uit die oog dat die verhouding tussen atleet en sportligaam ’n kontraktuele verhouding is en dat die atleet kontraktueel gebonde is om nie in stryd met die kode te handel nie. Dus, indien die atleet ’n bepaling van die kode oortree, stel dit kontrakbreuk daar in die vorm van positiewe wanprestasie. In die geval van positiewe wanprestasie is dit nie nodig vir die eiser om te bewys dat die verweerder skuld gehad het toe kontrakbreuk plaasgevind het nie. Geen verontskuldiging kan die kontrakbreuk tot niet maak nie. Die afwesigheid van skuld, al dan nie, speel slegs ’n rol by die bepaling van die mate waartoe die verweerder aanspreeklik gehou kan word. Daarom word aangevoer dat die beginsel van strenge aanspreeklikheid in tugverhore rakende die gebruik van verbode middels deur atlete slegs ’n toepassing is van die algemene beginsels van die kontraktereg
Approaches to pregnancy under the law: a relational response to the current South African position and recent academic trends: Geregtelike benaderings tot swangerskap: ’n Relasionele respons op die huidige Suid-Afrikaanse posisie en onlangse akademiese denkrigtings
No full textHierdie artikel neem drie verskillende geregtelike benaderings tot swangerskap in oënskou en oorweeg die onderskeie aansprake om ongeborenes tot geboorte te beskerm. Die benaderings wat ondersoek word is die enkel-entiteitbenadering, die aparte-entiteite benadering en die nie-een-nie-maar-nie-twee-nie benadering. Daar is tekortkominge in beide die enkel-entiteit en die aparte-entiteite benaderings. Beide benaderings faal daarin om die relasionele karakter van swangerskap te akkommodeer aangesien ongeborenes beskou word as nie-entiteite tot voordeel van swanger vrouens of swanger vrouens se belange opsy geskuif word tot voordeel van ongeborenes. Die artikel gaan verder om die nadelige implikasies van hierdie twee benaderings te beklemtoon en voor te stel dat ’n relasionele benadering tot swangerskap opgeneem en gevolg word. Hierdie benadering word beliggaam in die nie-een-nie-maar-nie-twee-nie benadering en steun op die verhouding tussen swanger vrouens en ongeborenes om sodoende die waarde van beide die entiteite wat ’n swangerskap opmaak, te erken. Die nie-een-nie-maar-nie-twee-nie benadering lê tussen die twee uiterste benaderings van die enkel-entiteit benadering en die aparte-entiteite benadering. Die voorstel beliggaam in hierdie benadering is dat die waarde van ongeborenes erken moet word maar wel in verhouding tot swanger vrouens wat die ongeborenes dra. Die artikel bekyk die definisie van die nie-een-nie-maar-nie-twee-nie benadering, die skakels met relasionele feminisme en die moontlike toepassing daarvan in ’n Suid-Afrikaanse konteks. Die artikel benadruk dat regsprobleme wat ten opsigte van swangerskap, swanger vrouens of ongeborenes ontstaan, benader behoort te word vanuit die vertrekpunt van die geleefde en beliggaamde ervarings van swangerskap om sodoende die pad vorentoe te bepaal
Magazine review.: Design lndaba magazine: first, Second and Third Quarter 2006
No full textBroadly speaking, non-academic South African magazines dedicated to, or featuring graphic design fall into one of two categories: those that carry advertising and those that do not. Slotting into the latter category are magazines such as Afro, 1-Jusi and Sheet which are self-pub li shed by graphic designers. Driven by the need to articulate experimental expressive graphic design and freed from commercial constraints these magazines are published infrequently and are accountable only to the designers who create them. In the former category, we find magazines that are published regularly and operate firmly within the realm of commerce such as Contempo, One Small Seed, Design, Enjin and Design lndaba
China’s Enduring and Expanding Influence: The Quest for Centrality in Sub-Saharan Africa Political Economy
Full text linkBeijing’s influence in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is enduring and expanding, even amid the present decrease in China’s loans to the region. Three interconnected elements contribute to Beijing’s escalating significance: 1) A strategic emphasis on centrality through connectivity integrates African nations into the Beijing sphere, solidifying its pivotal role in the regional production network, extending economic and geopolitical reach, and securing vital resources while building political support; 2) Establishing institutional arrangements that are largely accepted by many African governments enhances Beijing’s appeal as an attractive partner; 3) Power asymmetry positions China as a pervasive actor in the African political economy, wielding tools like debt, financial, and trade dependencies, once exclusive to Western powers (Lendzoumbou 2024). These mechanisms synergistically sustain China’s influence in SSA amid the current cascade of crises
A contemporary Madonna from the Eastern Cape: Female agency in the Keiskamma Art Project’s Rose Altarpiece: Material Narratives
No full textThe Keiskamma Art Project, based in Hamburg in the Eastern Cape, produced the Rose Altarpiece in 2005. A work modelled on the Virgin of the Rose Bower altarpiece in the Church of the Dominicans in Colmar, France, that features a panel made by Martin Schongauer in 1473, the Rose Altarpiece substitutes the fifteenth-century rendition of the Virgin Mary in an enclosed garden with a representation of Nokwanda Makubalo, a project member, with a child whom she had adopted. The Rose Altarpiece may best be understood as a “parody” of the Virgin of the Rose Bower altarpiece in the sense that this term is defined by Linda Hutcheon (1985), including her concept that the various likenesses between a representation and its source serve in fact to emphasise their differences from one another. Particularly distinctive in this instance is the difference between the idea of virtuous womanhood conveyed in the two works. Whereas the iconography that informs the Virgin Mary’s representation in images such as Schongauer’s panel was not grounded in the empowerment of females, the Rose Altarpiece represents women as having agency and capacity to effect social transformations. Made in the context of escalating HIV/AIDS infections, the South African work gives visual form and shape to “feminist ubuntu” in its suggestion of the way in which women have sought to negotiate this health crisis
Nordes 2015: Design Ecologies
Full text linkThe sixth biannual Nordes (Nordic Design Research) Conference was held 7 to 10 June 2015 at Konstfack in Stockholm, Sweden. The intriguing theme, Design ecologies: challenging anthropocentrism in the design of sustainable futures, along with an impressive keynote line-up, attracted a surprising number of scholars from around the globe
Towards an educational strategy for promoting social, environmental and ethical awareness in visual communication education
Full text linkDebates surrounding social and environmental concerns permeate contemporary life at many levels, highlighting important issues such as globalisation, consumerism, the changing environment and the exploitation of natural resources (Diamond 2005; Klein 2001; Kovel 2007). These issues are becoming increasingly significant within the field of visual communication and, as such, also within visual communication education. The American Institute of Graphic Arts (AIGA) has established a Centre for Sustainable Design to address the growing concern surrounding sustainable design within the industry (AIGA 2008). Social and environmental ethics can be linked to sustainability, an important, though perhaps overused term. Benson (2009:1), following the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), defines sustainability as follows:
Sustainability is a systemic term that means ‘meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.’ It demands that society strives to reach a collective balance called the triple bottom line. This is the overlap where we intelligently mesh the economy, environment and equity for all our species
Interdisciplinary theory teaching: can one size really fit all?
Full text linkThe purpose of this article is to report on and discuss a course for National Diploma students recently introduced by the Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture at the University of Johannesburg. The Faculty has diverse departments including Architecture, Fine Arts and six design departments, namely, Multimedia Design, Graphic Design, Industrial Design, Fashion Design, Jewellery Design and Interior Design. After years of being housed in geographically dispersed locations, the Faculty recently relocated to one building, and is in the process of consolidating and rationalising its teaching programmes. One area of rationalisation has been modules in the history and theory of art and design, which have been reworked to provide a single offering to which most departments could subscribe. The course, titled Contextual Studies, consists of year modules to be phased in across three years from 2009 onward