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仲地清氏に聴く ─ 『戦場よ永遠に』(1960年）に出演して ─
Get PDF紹介・インタビューIntroduction and Interviewdepartmental bulletin pape
Diagrammatic Calculus for Order-sorted Logic
Get PDFIn the field of artificial intelligence, order-sorted logics, that have subsumption relations between sorts, are widely utilized for structural knowledge representations. Among them, dual hierarchical systems, that have subsumption relations also in events (predicates) as well as sorts (terms), can realize superb efficiency in logical reasoning. In ordinary cases, such subsumption relations organizes a lattice, the operations of ‘join’ and ‘meet’ being assumed. However, in dual systems, the description of two different lattices of predicates and sorts, makes us hard to find reasonability between atomic formulae. In this paper, we propose a representation of cellular table for the dual hierarchies, assigning a Gödel number to each node to identify its spacial position. Thus, we can describe two lattices in one table, and in addition, the reasonability between two atomic formulae is reduced to simple numerical calculation. Therefore, (i) the reasonability between two distant atomic formulae and (ii) the scope of partial negation are easily displayed, and in addition, (iii) that the whole table is adequately maintained even in case new subsumption relations are added. We implemented a deduction system on a computer, and showed its efficiency.departmental bulletin pape
Peer Learning and Academic Standing in Japanese Writing Centers: Preliminary Findings
Get PDFThis preliminary research shows incidences of positive true peer learning during tutoring sessions in writing centers at Japanese universities. In most writing centers at Japanese universities, tutors are required to be graduate students. There is a preconceived notion among some administrative staff and some faculty that undergraduate students are unable to properly assist each other because someone must always be in the “teacher role” and someone must always be in the “learner role”. This assumption, often referred to as peer teaching, is in direct conflict with the foundation of peer learning (Boud, Cohen, Sampson, 2001). Most writing centers allow graduate students to tutor other graduate students and in some cases even faculty members, but undergraduates are usually prohibited from formally assisting other undergraduates. In order to discuss the case for more authentic peer learning, this paper first defines peer learning and identifies how it should take place within a sample tutoring session. To further illustrate this point, several tutoring sessions at a Japanese university writing center have been analyzed and examples of peer learning through conversation were examined. The tutors in the sessions were of a similar or lower academic standing than the writer (i.e. – graduate student tutor assisting a faculty member writer, and so on). The paper concludes with the argument for more acceptance of true peer learning opportunities in writing centers at Japanese universities.departmental bulletin pape
