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Improving the Joint Centre Location of a Markerless Motion Analysis System Through a Functional Calibration Method: A Pilot Study
No full textBiomechanical analysis is a tool to evaluate pathological movements and their rehabilitation. This paper examines the feasibility of improvements to the hip joint centre location in a Markerless Motion Capture System through the application of a functional calibration method. The movement of a young female with no physical impairments was analysed. Data taken from a gold standard system (Motion Capture System, MOCAP) and a low-cost alternative (Microsoft Kinect) were acquired simultaneously. Static and dynamic acquisitions were recorded. Five virtual markers for each leg were created from Kinect and introduced into the optimal common shape technique and in the symmetrical centre of rotation estimation method to determine both hip joint centres. Results showed an improvement in joint centre location when compared to MOCAP information. In conclusion, this approach would improve the data obtained with Kinect and is shown to be a feasible method to apply in the rehabilitation field.Fil: Crespo, Marcos José. Fleni. Centro de Rehabilitación Adultos CR. Laboratorio de Marcha y Análisis de Movimiento. Clínica de tecnología asistiva; Argentina.Fil: Sganga, Magalí. Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD)CONICET; Argentina. Universidad Maimónides; Argentina. Hospital Italiano. Departamento de Informática en Salud; Argentina.Fil: Nuñez, Marcos Alfredo. Fleni. Centro de Rehabilitación Adultos CR. Laboratorio de Marcha y Análisis de Movimiento. Clínica de tecnología asistiva; Argentina.Fil: Ravera, Emiliano Pablo. CONICET-UNER. Group of Analysis, Modeling, Processing and Clinician Implementation of Biomechanical Signals and SystemsBioengineering and Bioinformatics Institute; Argentina. National University of Entre Ríos. School of Engineering. Human Movement Research Laboratory (LIMH); Argentina
Relationship among subjective responses, flavor, and chemical composition across more than 800 commercial cannabis varieties
No full textBackground: Widespread commercialization of cannabis has led to the introduction of brand names based on users' subjective experience of psychological effects and flavors, but this process has occurred in the absence of agreed standards. The objective of this work was to leverage information extracted from large databases to evaluate the consistency and validity of these subjective reports, and to determine their correlation with the reported cultivars and with estimates of their chemical composition (delta-9-THC, CBD, terpenes).
Methods: We analyzed a large publicly available dataset extracted from Leafly.com where users freely reported their experiences with cannabis cultivars, including different subjective effects and flavour associations. This analysis was complemented with information on the chemical composition of a subset of the cultivars extracted from Psilabs.org . The structure of this dataset was investigated using network analysis applied to the pairwise similarities between reported subjective effects and/or chemical compositions. Random forest classifiers were used to evaluate whether reports of flavours and subjective effects could identify the labelled species cultivar. We applied Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools to free narratives written by the users to validate the subjective effect and flavour tags. Finally, we explored the relationship between terpenoid content, cannabinoid composition and subjective reports in a subset of the cultivars.
Results: Machine learning classifiers distinguished between species tags given by "Cannabis sativa" and "Cannabis indica" based on the reported flavours: = 0.828 ± 0.002 (p = 0.9965 ± 0.0002 (p < 0.001). A significant relationship between terpene and cannabinoid content was suggested by positive correlations between subjective effect and flavour tags (p < 0.05, False-Discovery-rate (FDR)-corrected); these correlations clustered the reported effects into three groups that represented unpleasant, stimulant and soothing effects. The use of predefined tags was validated by applying latent semantic analysis tools to unstructured written reviews, also providing breed-specific topics consistent with their purported subjective effects. Terpene profiles matched the perceptual characterizations made by the users, particularly for the terpene-flavours graph (Q = 0.324).
Conclusions: Our work represents the first data-driven synthesis of self-reported and chemical information in a large number of cannabis cultivars. Since terpene content is robustly inherited and less influenced by environmental factors, flavour perception could represent a reliable marker to indirectly characterize the psychoactive effects of cannabis. Our novel methodology helps meet demands for reliable cultivar characterization in the context of an ever-growing market for medicinal and recreational cannabis.Fil: Pallavicini, Carla. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Instituto de Neurociencias FLENI-CONICET. Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta; Argentina.Fil: de la Fuente, Laura A. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; Argentina. INECO; Argentina. Universidad Favaloro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Zamberlan, Federico. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; Argentina. INECO; Argentina. Universidad Favaloro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Sánchez Ferrán, Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Argentina.Fil: Carrillo, Facundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Laboratorio de Inteligencia Artificial Aplicada; Argentina.Fil: Tagliazucchi, Enzo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; Argentina
AML-005: Primary Central Nervous System Myeloid Sarcoma Evolving from a Myeloid Neoplasm with Eosinophilia Associated with FIP1L1-PDGFRA
No full textFil: Arakaki, Naomi. Fleni. Departamento de Neuropatología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Sevlever, Gustavo Emilio. Fleni. Departamento de Neuropatología y Biología Molecular. Laboratorio de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas; Argentina.Fil: Barbona, María Emilia. Sanatorio Mitre. Hematología; Argentina.Fil: Freue, Julian. Sanatorio Anchorena. Hematología; Argentina.Fil: Enciso, Claudio. Sanatorio Anchorena. Hematología; Argentina.Fil: Fernández, María Margarita. Sanatorio Anchorena. Medicina Interna; Argentina.Fil: Castro, Martín. Sanatorio Anchorena; Argentina.Fil: Campestri, Reinaldo Manuel. Sanatorio Anchorena. Hematología; Argentina
Diurnal variation of heart rate variability as a physiological index of mood and emotion regulation processes in Major Depression and Borderline Personality Disorder
No full textBackground
Heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of autonomic nervous system activity, has been studied in a number of psychiatric disorders during the resting state but evidence on its circadian patterns in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is scarce. We sought to identify and differentiate HRV circadian patterns in MDD, BPD and healthy controls (HC) while exploring potential physiological mechanisms associated with mood and emotion dysregulation.
Methods
24-Hour electrocardiographic recordings were obtained from fifty subjects (16 HC, 18 BPD, 16 MDD). HRV was calculated during sleep and wake periods. Associations with mood and affect measures, and with cognitive emotion regulation strategies and self-reported difficulties in emotion regulation (DERS) were examined. Participant’s resilience traits were explored in relation to mood and emotion regulation variables.
Results
Lower diurnal measures of HRV (i.e, RMSSD and HF) were observed in MDD subjects compared to HCs. Decreased HF was observed during wake vs. sleep in MDD patients. HAM-D and negative affect scores negatively correlated with HRV in MDD and BPD respectively. MDD and BPD exhibited a positive relationship between the implementation of emotion regulation strategies and HRV compared to HC. Increased resilience was associated with lower HAM-D and DERS scores in BPD and HC.
Conclusion
HRV alterations characterized by low diurnal cardiac parasympathetic control constitute a potential trait biomarker of major depression and psychiatric vulnerability to depressive episodes in BPD. HRV anomalies in MDD may persist during clinical remission. Diurnal HRV may represent a psychophysiological index of mood and emotion regulation.Fil: Wainsztein, Agustina Edith. Instituto de Neurociencias FLENI-CONICET; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental; Argentina. Fleni. Servicio de Psiquiatría; Argentina. Universidad Católica Argentina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentina.Fil: Abulafia, Carolina. Instituto de Neurociencias FLENI-CONICET; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental; Argentina. Fleni. Servicio de Psiquiatría; Argentina. Universidad Católica Argentina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Goldberg, Ximena. Institut d’Investigacio i Innovacio Parc Taulí; España. Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari. Mental Health Department, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Are; España.Fil: Camacho Téllez, Vicente. Instituto de Neurociencias FLENI-CONICET; Argentina. Fleni. Servicio de Psiquiatría; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Vulcano, Mercedes. Fleni. Servicio de Psiquiatría; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental; Argentina.Fil: Vigo, Daniel Eduardo. Universidad Católica Argentina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Menchón, José M. Bellvitge University Hospital. Department of Psychiatry. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL; España. Carlos III Health Institute. Network Center for Biomedical Research on Mental Health; España. University of Barcelona. Department of Clinical Sciences; España.Fil: Soriano Mas, Carles. Bellvitge University Hospital. Department of Psychiatry. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL; España. Carlos III Health Institute. Network Center for Biomedical Research on Mental Health; España. University of Barcelona. Department of Clinical Sciences; España. Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona. Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences; España.Fil: Nemeroff, Charles B. University of Texas at Austin. Dell Medical School. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Institute for Early Life Adversity Research; estados Unidos.Fil: Guinjoan, Salvador Martín. Instituto de Neurociencias FLENI-CONICET; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental; Argentina. Fleni. Servicio de Psiquiatría; Argentina. Universidad Católica Argentina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental; Argentina.Fil: Castro, Mariana Nair. Instituto de Neurociencias FLENI-CONICET; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental; Argentina
Acute amnestic syndromes
No full textAcute amnestic syndromes are usually rare clinical events occurring in emergency situations. Etiological diagnosis can be challenging and underlying causes diverse. They can be transient and totally reversible, or accompanied by other neurological symptoms resulting in serious and irreversible brain damage. Pathophysiology of these syndromes mainly corresponds to structural or functional alteration of memory circuits, including those in the hippocampus. One of the most frequent forms is transient global amnesia (TGA), characterized by sudden onset of anterograde amnesia lasting less than 24 hours, in the absence of other neurological signs or symptoms. Another acute and transient memory disorder is transient epileptic amnesia (TEA), due to focal crisis activity. Stroke injuries occurring at strategic memory-related sites can also present as sudden episodes of amnesia. In addition to neurological etiologies, amnesia may be a symptom of a psychiatric disorder (dissociative amnesia). Traumatic brain injuries, autoimmune encephalitis and acute toxic metabolic disorders can also cause amnesia and should be included among the differential diagnoses. In this review, we summarize the most relevant clinical findings in acute amnestic syndromes, and discuss the different ancillary tests needed to establish a correct diagnosis and management as well the best treatment options. Relevant anatomical and pathophysiological aspects underlying these conditions will be also be presented.Fil: Alessandro, Lucas. Fleni. Fleni. Departamento de Neurología. Servicio de Neurología; Argentina.Fil: Chaves, Hernán. Fleni. Departamento de Diagnóstico por Imágenes; Argentina.Fil: Allegri, Ricardo Francisco. Fleni. Departamento de Neurología. Servicio de Neurología Cognitiva, Neuropsicología y Neuropsiquiatría; Argentina.Fil: Ricciardi, Mario Emiliano. Fleni. Departamento de Neurología; Argentina
COVID-19: Fisiopatología y manifestaciones neurológicas. Revisión narrativa
No full textA fines del año pasado, se comunicó la aparición de una neumonía de etiología desconocida. Posteriormente, se confirmó que era producida por un nuevo coronavirus denominado SARS-CoV-2. Actualmente, declarada pandemia, la enfermedad afecta a más de 4 millones de personas y ha provocado miles de muertes alrededor del mundo. En nuestro país, los contagiados ascienden a más de 10.000 y los muertos superan los 400. Dentro del espectro de manifestaciones clínicas, las neurológicas han ido cobrando relevancia en los últimos reportes, incluso se ha propuesto cierta asociación (no confirmada) con los ataques cerebrovasculares y el síndrome de Guillain-Barré. En esta revisión, nos proponemos recopilar la información disponible sobre la fisiopatología y las manifestaciones neurológicas del SARS-CoV-2.Fil: Díaz, María Fernanda. Fleni. Departamento de Medicina Interna; Argentina. Sociedad Argentina de Terapia Intensiva. Comité de Neurointensivismo; Argentina.Fil: Tumino, Leandro. Sociedad Argentina de Terapia Intensiva. Comité de Neurointensivismo; Argentina.Fil: Alvarez, Héctor José María. Sociedad Argentina de Terapia Intensiva. Comité de Neurointensivismo; Argentina.Fil: Arturi, Jessica. Sociedad Argentina de Terapia Intensiva. Comité de Neurointensivismo; Argentina.Fil: Ciarrocchi, Nicolás Marcelo. Sociedad Argentina de Terapia Intensiva. Comité de Neurointensivismo; Argentina.Fil: Domeniconi, Gustavo. Sociedad Argentina de Terapia Intensiva. Comité de Neurointensivismo; Argentina.Fil: Hlavnicka, Alejandro Félix. Sociedad Argentina de Terapia Intensiva. Comité de Neurointensivismo; Argentina.Fil: Quinteros, Mónica. Sociedad Argentina de Terapia Intensiva. Comité de Neurointensivismo; Argentina.Fil: Svampa, Silvana. Sociedad Argentina de Terapia Intensiva. Comité de Neurointensivismo; Argentina.Fil: Velásquez, Mariela. Sociedad Argentina de Terapia Intensiva. Comité de Neurointensivismo; Argentina.Fil: Videtta, Walter. Sociedad Argentina de Terapia Intensiva. Comité de Neurointensivismo; Argentina.Fil: Zurrú, María Cristina. Sociedad Argentina de Terapia Intensiva. Comité de Neurointensivismo; Argentina
Postcraniectomy pain: comparison between 2 incisions for the retrosigmoid approach. Prospective randomized study
No full textBackground: Suboccipital lateral approach is a common practice in neurosurgery to expose the region of the cerebellopontine angle. Postcraniectomy headache (PCH) is one of the most frequent complications that diminish the quality of life of patients.
Objective: To compare postcraniectomy pain in patients operated on for vestibular neurinomas by a suboccipital lateral approach by 2 different incisions.
Material and methods: Prospective randomized research study. Follow-up of patients operated for vestibular neurinomas between July 2017 and May 2019 (n=40) by the same surgeon. One group received the classical linear incision (n=20) and another group the alternative incision in an inverted "U" (modified Dandy) (n=20). Pain intensity was evaluated by numerical scale. A minimum follow-up of 3 months was carried out. The impact on quality of life was measured by the SF-36 questionnaire short version both before and after surgery.
Results: The average age was 46.1 years. The overall PCH index was 27.5% (n=11) of the patients. The incidence of pain in the group that received the classical incision (A) was 20% (n=4) and in group B was 35% (n=7).
Conclusions: We found a higher rate of post-craniectomy headache in patients who underwent a "modified Dandy" incision. These are preliminary data of an undergoing study and we hope to obtain more representative information in the future. We recommend interdisciplinary follow up for the integral treatment of PCH.Fil: Lorefice, Fernando. Fleni. Departamento de Neurología; Argentina.Fil: Marcó del Pont, Francisco. Fleni. Departamento de Neurocirugía; Argentina.Fil: Giovannini, Sebastián Juan María. Fleni. Departamento de Neurología; Argentina.Fil: Cavanagh, Sol. Fleni. Departamento de Neurología. Clínica del Dolor. Clínica de Cefalea; Argentina.Fil: Goicochea, María Teresa. Fleni. Departamento de Neurología. Clínica del Dolor. Clínica de Cefaleas; Argentina.Fil: Cervio, Andrés Eduardo. Fleni. Departamento de Neurocirugía; Argentina
Predictors of favorable response to implanted of ventriculoperitoneal shunt in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
No full textIntroduction: The indication of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is discussed in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), due to the heterogeneity of the response to treatment and the risks involved in neurosurgery. Objective: To search for clinical factors and complementary studies in order to determine predictors of a favorable response to the VPS placement in patients with iNPH. Methodology: A retrospective study of patients with probable iNPH (according to international guidelines) treated with VPS assisted in a neurological clinic from January 2014 to January 2017 was conducted. A univariate statistical
analysis of the variables considered as possible prognostic factors was performed. Results: 58 patients were included. Women presented 3.68 times more chances of improvement after the VPS (p=0.019). Good response to the gait test was associated with better response to the VPS (p=0.024). Conclusions: Female sex and good response to the gait test could be considered as predictors of a favorable response to the VPS placement in patients with iNPH. A prospective study is necessary to achieve a homogeneous diagnostic evaluation and a more extensive longitudinal follow-up to evaluate the clinical evolution in this group of patients.Fil: Ricciardi, Mario Emiliano. Fleni. Departamento de Neurología; Argentina.Fil: Calandri, Ismael Luis. Fleni. Departamento de Neurología. Servicio de Neurología Cognitiva, Neuropsicología y Neuropsiquiatría; Argentina.Fil: Alessandro, Lucas. Fleni. Departamento de Neurología; Argentina.Fil: Farez, Mauricio Franco. Fleni. Centro para la Investigación de Enfermedades Neuroinmunológicas; Argentina.Fil: Villalonga, Juan Francisco. Fleni. Departamento de Neurocirugía; Argentina.Fil: Fausti, Martín. Fleni. Departamento de Neurocirugía; Argentina.Fil: Herrmann, Frida. Fleni. Departamento de Diagnóstico por Imágenes; Argentina.Fil: Allegri, Ricardo Francisco. Fleni. Departamento de Neurología. Servicio de Neurología Cognitiva, Neuropsicología y Neuropsiquiatría; Argentina
Acquired surface dysgraphia and dyslexia in the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia: a single-case study in Spanish
No full textBackground: The diagnostic criteria for the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) include the possible presence of acquired surface dyslexia or dysgraphia. Acquired surface dyslexia is characterized by a greater difficulty in reading irregular words with the production of regularization errors. On the other hand, acquired surface dysgraphia is characterized by difficulties in writing irregularly spelled words, which are stimuli that produce phonologically plausible errors. The identification of these patterns in Spanish has been subject to controversy due to the orthographic transparency of the language and its lack of irregular words. However, differences do exist between reading (completely transparent) and writing (considerably irregular) and thus, designing tests to identify acquired surface dysgraphia is a simple task, since there are irregular words for writing in Spanish. Nevertheless, few cases of acquired surface dysgraphia have been reported in Spanish-speaking patients. In addition, the identification of acquired surface dyslexia in Spanish-speaking patients requires the use of tasks other than reading irregular words.
Aims: The aim of this paper is to report the reading and writing impairments of a Spanish-speaking patient with svPPA, and show that it is possible to identify patterns of acquired surface dysgraphia and dyslexia in a transparent language.
Methods and procedure: Single case study of a Spanish-speaking patient with svPPA. The tests administered were: writing to dictation of words (both regular and irregular) and nonwords, reading of words and nonwords (measuring accuracy and reaction times) and lexical decision with pseudohomophones.
Outcomes and results: We found a regularity effect in the writing to dictation task with the generation of several phonologically plausible errors, a loss of lexical advantage in reading latencies although reading accuracy was conserved, and a pseudohomophone disadvantage effect in the lexical decision task; thus, resulting in a profile consistent with the patterns of acquired surface dysgraphia and dyslexia.
Conclusions: The results obtained indicate it is possible to identify these patterns when the characteristics of the language are taken into consideration in the selection of tests to be administered. Therefore, it is possible to test for all the established criteria for svPPA in Spanish-speaking patients.Fil: Allegri, Ricardo Francisco. Fleni. Departamento de Neurología. Servicio de Neurología Cognitiva, Neuropsicología y Neuropsiquiatría; Argentina. Universidad de La Costa; Colombia.Fil: Morello García, Florentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Investigaciones en Psicología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos “Eva Perón". Unidad de Neuropsicología; Argentina.Fil: Difalcis, Micaela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Investigaciones en Psicología; Argentina. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos “Eva Perón". Unidad de Neuropsicología; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina.Fil: Leiva, Samanta. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Investigaciones en Psicología; Argentina. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos “Eva Perón". Unidad de Neuropsicología; Argentina.Fil: Ferreres, Aldo R. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Investigaciones en Psicología; Argentina. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos “Eva Perón". Unidad de Neuropsicología; Argentina
Prevalence of C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion in Greek patients with sporadic ALS
No full textA total of 178 consecutive patients with definite sALS without frontotemporal dementia (FTD) were enrolled in this study, after complete clinical evaluation. A Repeat-Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction (RP-PCR) protocol was applied to detect the G4C2 repeats expansions. In the studied sALS patients, 5.06% (n = 9) carried the C9orf72 mutation. Among carriers, 2/3 of them were females and spinal onset accounted for 78% and bulbar for 22%, while the mean age of onset was about 60 years. Our study showed that the prevalence of C9orf72 repeat expansion in Greek sALS patients is similar to the overall frequency of the mutation in European populations. The pathogenic mutation remains a promising biomarker for genetic testing and targeted treatment.Fil: Sokratous, Maria. University Hospital of Larissa. Department of Neurology. Faculty of Medicine School of Health Sciences; Grecia. University of Thessaly; Grecia.Fil: Schottlaender, Lucía V. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fleni. Departamento de Neurología; Argentina.Fil: Bourinaris, Thomas. UCL Institute of Neurology. Department of Molecular Neuroscience; Reino Unido.Fil: Marogianni, Chrysoula. University Hospital of Larissa. Department of Neurology. Faculty of Medicine School of Health Sciences; Grecia. University of Thessaly; Grecia.Fil: Arnaoutoglou, Marianthi. AHEPA Hospital. First Neurology Clinic; Grecia. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Faculty of Health Sciences. School of Medicine; Grecia.Fil: Patrikiou, Eleni. University of Thessaly. Faculty of Medicine. Faculty of Medicine School of Health Sciences. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology; Grecia.Fil: Ralli, Styliani. University Hospital of Larissa. Department of Neurology. Faculty of Medicine School of Health Sciences; Grecia. University of Thessaly; Grecia.Fil: Markou, Aikaterini. University Hospital of Larissa. Department of Neurology. Faculty of Medicine School of Health Sciences; Grecia. University of Thessaly; Grecia.Fil: Dardiotis, Efthimios. University Hospital of Larissa. Department of Neurology. Faculty of Medicine School of Health Sciences; Grecia. University of Thessaly; Grecia.Fil: Houlden, Henry. UCL Institute of Neurology. Department of Molecular Neuroscience; Reino Unido.Fil: Hadjigeorgiou, Georgios M. University Hospital of Larissa. Department of Neurology. Faculty of Medicine School of Health Sciences; Grecia. University of Thessaly; Grecia. Medical School, University of Cyprus. Department of Neurology; Chipre.Fil: Xiromerisiou, Georgia. Medical School, University of Cyprus. Department of Neurology; Chipre