Repositorio Institucional Fleni
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Confirming a Historical Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis: Challenges and Recommendations
No full textPatients with a historical diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS)-a patient presenting with a diagnosis of MS made previously and by a different clinician-present specific diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in clinical practice. Application of the McDonald criteria is most straightforward when applied contemporaneously with a syndrome typical of an MS attack or relapse; however, retrospective application of the criteria in some patients with a historical diagnosis of MS can be problematic. Limited patient recollection of symptoms and evolution of neurologic examination and MRI findings complicate confirmation of an earlier MS diagnosis and assessment of subsequent disease activity or clinical progression. Adequate records for review of prior clinical examinations, laboratory results, and/or MRI scans obtained at the time of diagnosis or during ensuing care may be inadequate or unavailable. This article provides recommendations for a clinical approach to the evaluation of patients with a historical diagnosis of MS to aid diagnostic confirmation, avoid misdiagnosis, and inform therapeutic decision making.Fil: Gaitán, María Inés. Fleni. Departamento de Neurología; Argentina.Fil: Solomon, Andrew J. Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont. Department of Neurological Sciences; Estados Unidos.Fil: Arrambide, Georgina. Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya. Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia; España.Fil: Brownlee, Wallace. National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; España.Fil: Cross, Anne H. Washington University in St. Louis. Department of Neurology; Estados Unidos.Fil: Lublin, Fred D. The Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis; Estados Unidos.Fil: Makhani, Naila. Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology; Estados Unidos.Fil: Mowry, Ellen M. Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Department of Neurology; Estados Unidos.Fil: Reich, Daniel S. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health; Estados Unidos.Fil: Rovira, Àlex. Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont. Department of Neurological Sciences; Estados Unidos.Fil: Rovira, Àlex. Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron. Department of Radiology; España.Fil: Weinshenker, Brian G. Mayo Clinic. Departament of Neurology; Estados Unidos.Fil: Cohen, Jeffrey A. Cleveland Clinic; Estados Unidos
CL28. ¿Es útil la evaluación ósea estándar en pacientes con acromegalia?
No full textFil: González Pernas, Mariana. Fleni. Departamento de Neurología. Servicio de Neuroendocrinología; Argentina. IDIM; Argentina.Fil: Danilowicz, Karina. Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín”; Argentina.Fil: Katz, Débora Adela. Fleni. Departamento de Neurología. Servicio de Neuroendocrinología; Argentina.Fil: Sosa, Soledad. Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín”; Argentina.Fil: Slavinsky, Patricia. Fleni. Departamento de Neurología. Servicio de Neuroendocrinología; Argentina.Fil: Longobardi, Vanesa. IDIM; Argentina.Fil: Zanchetta, María Belén. IDIM; Argentina
Gamma knife radiosurgery in pituitary adenomas. A single-center experience
No full textStereotactic radiosurgery with gamma knife (GKS) is a treatment option for persistent or recurrent pituitary adenoma. The aim of our study was to report Argentine experience in GKS, assessing the efficacy and safety in our patients with pituitary adenomas. We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with pituitary adenomas treated with GKS between 2002 and 2017 in a single institution. Patient characteristics, biochemical remission rate (for functioning tumors), tumor control rate and adverse effects with GKS were investigated. The study cohort comprised 99 patients with a mean follow-up of 63 months: 51 somatotropinomas, 28 non-functioning adenomas, 15 corticotropinomas, 2 prolactinomas and 3 mixed pituitary tumors. The mean radiation dose was 30.6Gy for corticotropinomas, 29.3Gy for somatotropinomas and 19.6Gy for non-secreting adenomas. Global tumor control rate was 94.2%. Biochemical remission rate was 55.9%, being higher in acromegaly than in Cushing's disease (OR4.7, 95%Ci 2.1-10.4, p <0.0001). The mean time to remission was 29.5 months (range: 6-156). Hypopituitarism occurred in 26% of patients and those with Cushing's disease were more prone to develop new hormone deficiency after GKS (OR 2.93, 95%Ci 1.2-7.2, p = 0.019). This study shows argentine experience with the use of GKS in patients with pituitary adenomas, with similar results to those reported by centers with large radiosurgical experience. We achieved biochemical remission in more than 50% of patients and global tumor control in most of them. Hypopituitarism was the most frequent adverse effect, while others were infrequent.Fil: Slavinsky, Patricia. Fleni. Departamento de Neurología. Servicio de Neuroendocrinología; Argentina.Fil: González Pernas, Mariana. Fleni. Departamento de Neurología. Servicio de Neuroendocrinología; Argentina.Fil: Miragaya, Karina. Fleni. Departamento de Neurología. Servicio de Neuroendocrinología; Argentina.Fil: Antico, Julio. Fleni. Departamento de Neurocirugía. Sección Gamma Knife; Argentina.Fil: Margni, Alejandro. Fleni. Departamento de Neurocirugía. Sección Gamma Knife; Argentina.Fil: Condomí Alcorta, Mariana. Fleni. Departamento de Neurocirugía. Sección Gamma Knife; Argentina.Fil: Katz, Débora Adela. Fleni. Departamento de Neurología. Servicio de Neuroendocrinología; Argentina
Unifying turbulent dynamics framework distinguishes different brain states
No full textSignificant advances have been made by identifying the levels of synchrony of the underlying dynamics of a given brain state. This research has demonstrated that non-conscious dynamics tend to be more synchronous than in conscious states, which are more asynchronous. Here we go beyond this dichotomy to demonstrate that different brain states are underpinned by dissociable spatiotemporal dynamics. We investigated human neuroimaging data from different brain states (resting state, meditation, deep sleep and disorders of consciousness after coma). The model-free approach was based on Kuramoto's turbulence framework using coupled oscillators. This was extended by a measure of the information cascade across spatial scales. Complementarily, the model-based approach used exhaustive in silico perturbations of whole-brain models fitted to these measures. This allowed studying of the information encoding capabilities in given brain states. Overall, this framework demonstrates that elements from turbulence theory provide excellent tools for describing and differentiating between brain states.Fil: Pallavicini, Carla. Fleni; Argentina.Fil: Escrichs, Anira. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Department of Information and Communication Technologies. Center for Brain and Cognition. Computational Neuroscience Group; España.Fil: Sanz Perl, Yonatan. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Department of Information and Communication Technologies. Center for Brain and Cognition. Computational Neuroscience Group; España. Universidad de San Andrés; Argentina. Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière; Francia.Fil: Uribe, Carme. University of Barcelona. Institute of Neuroscience. Department of Medicine. Medical Psychology Unit; España. Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); España.Fil: Camara, Estela. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL). Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit; España. University of Barcelona. Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology: España.Fil: Türker, Basak. Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière; Francia. Inserm U 1127; Francia. CNRS UMR 7225; Francia.Fil: Pyatigorskaya, Nadya. Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière; Francia. Inserm U 1127; Francia. CNRS UMR 7225; Francia. Sorbonne Université. Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière. Department of Neuroradiology, AP-HP; Francia.Fil: López-González, Ane. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Department of Information and Communication Technologies. Center for Brain and Cognition. Computational Neuroscience Group; España.Fil: Panda, Rajanikant. University of Liège. Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness; Bélgica. University Hospital of Liège. Centre du Cerveau; Bélgica.Fil: Annen, Jitka. University of Liège. Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness; Bélgica. University Hospital of Liège. Centre du Cerveau; Bélgica.Fil: Gosseries, Olivia. University of Liège. Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness; Bélgica. University Hospital of Liège. Centre du Cerveau; Bélgica.Fil: Laureys, Steven. University of Liège. Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness; Bélgica. University Hospital of Liège. Centre du Cerveau; Bélgica. CERVO Brain Research Centre. Joint International Research Unit on Consciousness; Canadá. Hangzhou Normal University. International Consciousness Science Institute; China.Fil: Naccache, Lionel. Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière; Francia. Inserm U 1127; Francia. CNRS UMR 7225; Francia.Fil: Sitt, Jacobo D. Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière; Francia. Inserm U 1127; Francia. CNRS UMR 7225; Francia.Fil: Laufs, Helmut. Christian Albrechts University. Department of Neurology; Alemania. Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main. Department of Neurology and Brain Imaging Center; Alemania.Fil: Tagliazucchi, Enzo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Departamento de Física; Argentina. Universidad Adolfo Ibañez. Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat); Chile.Fil: Kringelbach, Morten L. University of Oxford. Department of Psychiatry; Reino Unido. Aarhus University. Department of Clinical Medicine. Center for Music in the Brain; Dinamarca. University of Oxford. Centre for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing; Dinamarca.Fil: Deco, Gustavo. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Department of Information and Communication Technologies. Center for Brain and Cognition. Computational Neuroscience Group; España
An International Perspective on Preceding Infections in Guillain-Barré Syndrome: The IGOS-1000 Cohort
No full textBackground and objectives: Infections play a key role in the development of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and have been associated with specific clinical features and disease severity. The clinical variation of GBS across geographical regions has been suggested to be related to differences in the distribution of preceding infections, but this has not been studied on a large scale.
Methods: We analysed the first 1000 patients included in the International GBS Outcome Study with available biosamples (n=768) for the presence of a recent infection with: Campylobacter jejuni, hepatitis E virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus.
Results: Serological evidence of a recent infection with C. jejuni was found in 228 (30%), M. pneumoniae in 77 (10%), hepatitis E virus in 23 (3%), cytomegalovirus in 30 (4%) and Epstein-Barr virus in 7 (1%) patients. Evidence of more than one recent infection was found in 49 (6%) of these patients. Symptoms of antecedent infections were reported in 556 patients (72%), and this proportion did not significantly differ between those testing positive or negative for a recent infection. The proportions of infections were similar across continents. The sensorimotor variant and the demyelinating electrophysiological subtype were most frequent across all infection groups, although proportions were significantly higher in patients with a cytomegalovirus and significantly lower in those with a C. jejuni infection. C. jejuni-positive patients were more severely affected, indicated by a lower MRC sum score at nadir (P=0.004), and a longer time to regain the ability to walk independently (P=0.005). The pure motor variant and axonal electrophysiological subtype were more frequent in Asian compared to American or European C. jejuni-positive patients (P<0.001, resp. P= 0.001). Time to nadir was longer in the cytomegalovirus-positive patients (P=0.004).
Conclusion: Across geographical regions, the distribution of infections was similar but the association between infection and clinical phenotype differed. A mismatch between symptom reporting and serological results and the high frequency of co-infections, demonstrate the importance of broad serological testing in identifying the most likely infectious trigger. The association between infections and outcome indicates their value for future prognostic models.Fil: Barroso, Fabio Adrián. Fleni. Departamento de Neurología. Servicio de Neurofisiología; Argentina.Fil: Leonhard, Sonja E. Erasmus MC University Medical Center. Department of Neurology; Países Bajos.Fil: van der Eijk, Annemiek A.. Erasmus MC University Medical Center. Department of Viroscience; Países Bajos.Fil: Andersen, Henning. Aarhus University Hospital. Department of Neuroloy; Dinamarca.Fil: Antonini, Giovanni. Sant' Andrea Hospital; Italia. University of Rome Sapienza. Faculty of Medicine and Psychology. Mental Health and Sensory Organs. Department of Neurology; Italia.Fil: Arend, Samuel. Haga Teaching Hospital. Department of Neurology; Países Bajos. Erasmus MC University Medical Center. Department of Neurology; Países Bajos.Fil: Attarian, Shahram. Reference centre for NMD. Department of Neurology; Francia.Fil: Bateman, Kathleen J University of Cape Town. Groote Schuur Hospital. Department of Medicine. Division of Neurology; Sudáfrica.Fil: Batstra, Manou R. Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis. Department RH-MDC - Immunology; Países Bajos.Fil: Benedetti, Luana. IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino. Department of Neurology; Italia.Fil: Van den Berg, Bianca. Erasmus MC University Medical Center. Department of Neurology; Países Bajos. Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland. Department of Neurology; Países Bajos.Fil: Van den Bergh, Peter. University of Louvain. University Hospital St. Luc. Department of Neurology; Bélgica.Fil: Bürmann, Jan. Saarland University Medical School. Department of Neurology; Alemania.Fil: Busby, Mark. Leeds Teaching Hospitals. Department of Neurology; Reino Unido.Fil: Casasnovas, Carlos. Bellvitge University Hospital. Neuromuscular Unit. Department of Neurology; España.Fil: Cornblath, David R. Johns Hopkins University. Department of Neurology; Estados Unidos.Fil: Davidson, Amy. University of Glasgow. Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation; Reino Unido.Fil: Doets, Alex Y. Erasmus MC University Medical Center. Department of Neurology; Países Bajos.Fil: A van Doorn, Pieter. Erasmus MC University Medical Center. Department of Neurology; Países Bajos.Fil: Dornonville de la Cour, Charlotte. National Hospital Copenhagen; Dinamarca
Final results of the Choroid Plexus Tumor study CPT-SIOP-2000
No full textIntroduction: Standards for chemotherapy against choroid plexus tumors (CPT) have not yet been established.
Methods: CPT-SIOP-2000 (NCT00500890) was an international registry for all CPT nesting a chemotherapy randomization for high-risk CPT with Carboplatin/Etoposide/Vincristine (CarbEV) versus Cyclophosphamide/Etoposide/Vincristine (CycEV). Patients older than three years were recommended to receive irradiation: focal fields for non-metastatic CPC, incompletely resected atypical choroid plexus papilloma (APP) or metastatic choroid plexus papilloma (CPP); craniospinal fields for metastatic CPC/APP and non-responsive CPC. High risk was defined as choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC), incompletely resected APP, and all metastatic CPT. From 2000 until 2010, 158 CPT patients from 23 countries were enrolled.
Results: For randomized CPC, the 5/10 year progression free survival (PFS) of patients on CarbEV (n = 20) were 62%/47%, respectively, compared to 27%/18%, on CycEV (n = 15), (intention-to-treat, HR 2.6, p = 0.032). Within the registry, histological grading was the most influential prognostic factor: for CPP (n = 55) the 5/10 year overall survival (OS) and the event free survival (EFS) probabilities were 100%/97% and 92%/92%, respectively; for APP (n = 49) 96%/96% and 76%/76%, respectively; and for CPC (n = 54) 65%/51% and 41%/39%, respectively. Without irradiation, 12 out of 33 patients with CPC younger than three years were alive for a median of 8.52 years. Extent of surgery and metastases were not independent prognosticators.
Conclusions: Chemotherapy for Choroid Plexus Carcinoma is feasible and effective. CarbEV is superior to CycEV. A subset of CPC can be cured without irradiation.Fil: Diez, Blanca. Fleni. Departamento de Neurología. Servicio de Neurooncología; Argentina.Fil: Wolff, Johannes E. University of Regensburg; Alemania.Fil: Van Gool, Stefaan W. IOZK Immune Oncological Centre Cologne; Alemania.Fil: Kutluk, Tezer. Hacettepe University Medical School and Cancer Institute. Department of Pediatric Oncology; Turquía.Fil: Kebudi, Rejin. Istanbul University. Oncology Institute. Pediatric Hematology-Oncology; Turquía.Fil: Timmermann, Beate. German Cancer Consortium; Alemania. West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen; Alemania. University Hospital Essen. Department of Particle Therapy; Alemania.Fil: Garami, Miklos. Semmelweis University. Department of Pediatric; Hungría.Fil: Sterba, Jaroslav. Masaryk University. University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine. Department of Pediatric Oncology; República Checa. St. Anne's University Hospital. International Clinical Research Center; República Checa.Fil: Fuller, Gregory N. MD Anderson Cancer Center. Departments of Neuropathology and Neuroradiology; Estados Unidos.Fil: Bison, Brigitte. University Hospital of Augsburg. Departments of Neuroradiology; Alemania.Fil: Kordes, Uwe R. University Medical Center Hamburg. Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; Alemania
Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: clinical characteristics and treatment in 23 patients
No full textFil: Nagel, Vanesa. Fleni. Departamento de Neurología. Clínica del Dolor. Clínica de Cefaleas; Argentina.Fil: Bonamico, Lucas. Fleni. Departamento de Neurología. Clínica del Dolor. Clínica de Cefaleas; Argentina.Fil: Goicochea, María Teresa. Fleni. Departamento de Neurología. Clínica del Dolor. Clínica de Cefaleas; Argentina.Fil: Pérez, Adriana. Fleni. Servicio de Anestesiología; Argentina
Single cell transfection of human-induced pluripotent stem cells using a droplet-based microfluidic system
No full textMicrofluidic tools have recently made possible many advances in biological and biomedical research. Research in fields such as physics, engineering, chemistry and biology have combined to produce innovation in microfluidics which has positively impacted diverse areas such as nucleotide sequencing, functional genomics, single-cell studies, single molecules assays and biomedical diagnostics. Among these areas, regenerative medicine and stem cells have benefited from microfluidics since these tools have had a profound impact on their applications. In this study, we present a high-performance droplet-based system for transfecting individual human-induced pluripotent stem cells. We will demonstrate that this system has great efficiency in single cells and captured droplets, like other microfluidic methods but with lower cost. Moreover, this microfluidic approach can be associated with the PiggyBac transposase-based system to increase its transfection efficiency. Our results provide a starting point for subsequent applications in more complex transfection systems, single-cell differentiation interactions, cell subpopulations and cell therapy, among other potential applications.Fil: Pérez-Sosa, Camilo. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fleni. Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada a las Neurociencias; Argentina.Fil: Sanluis-Verdes, Anahí. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; Argentina.Fil: Waisman, Ariel. Fleni. Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada a las Neurociencias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Lombardi, Antonella. Fleni. Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada a las Neurociencias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Rosero, Gustavo. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; Argentina.Fil: La Greca, Alejandro. Fleni. Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada a las Neurociencias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Bhansali, Shekhar. Florida International University. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Estados Unidos.Fil: Bourguignon, Natalia. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; Argentina. Florida International University. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Estados Unidos.Fil: Luzzani, Carlos. Fleni. Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada a las Neurociencias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Pérez, Maximiliano S. Florida International University. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Estados Unidos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Institute of Biomedical Engineering; Argentina.Fil: Miriuka, Santiago Gabriel. Fleni. Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada a las Neurociencias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Lerner, Betiana. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; Argentina. Florida International University. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Estados Unidos
Evolución de la RM en el estudio del laberinto membranoso
No full textFil: Cejas, Claudia Patricia. Fleni. Departamento de Diagnóstico por Imágenes; Argentina
Colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor inhibition attenuates microgliosis and myelin loss but exacerbates neurodegeneration in the chronic cuprizone model
No full textMultiple sclerosis (MS), especially in its progressive phase, involves early axonal and neuronal damage resulting from a combination of inflammatory mediators, demyelination, and loss of trophic support. During progressive disease stages, a microenvironment is created within the central nervous system (CNS) favoring the arrival and retention of inflammatory cells. Active demyelination and neurodegeneration have also been linked to microglia (MG) and astrocyte (AST)-activation in early lesions. While reactive MG can damage tissue, exacerbate deleterious effects, and contribute to neurodegeneration, it should be noted that activated MG possess neuroprotective functions as well, including debris phagocytosis and growth factor secretion. The progressive form of MS can be modeled by the prolonged administration to cuprizone (CPZ) in adult mice, as CPZ induces highly reproducible demyelination of different brain regions through oligodendrocyte (OLG) apoptosis, accompanied by MG and AST activation and axonal damage. Therefore, our goal was to evaluate the effects of a reduction in microglial activation through orally administered brain-penetrant colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) inhibitor BLZ945 (BLZ) on neurodegeneration and its correlation with demyelination, astroglial activation, and behavior in a chronic CPZ-induced demyelination model. Our results show that BLZ treatment successfully reduced the microglial population and myelin loss. However, no correlation was found between myelin preservation and neurodegeneration, as axonal degeneration was more prominent upon BLZ treatment. Concomitantly, BLZ failed to significantly offset CPZ-induced astroglial activation and behavioral alterations. These results should be taken into account when proposing the modulation of microglial activation in the design of therapies relevant for demyelinating diseases. Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15394.Fil: Correale, Jorge. Fleni. Departamento de Neurología. Servicio de Neuroinmunología y Enfermedades Desmielinizantes; Argentina.Fil: Wies Mancini, Victoria S.B. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Biológica; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Di Pietro, Anabella A. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Biológica; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: de Olmos, Soledad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra; Argentina.Fil: Silva Pinto, Pablo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas. IFIBIO Houssay; Argentina.Fil: Vence, Marianela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Marder, Mariel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Igaz, Lionel M. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas. IFIBIO Houssay; Argentina.Fil: Marcora, María S. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Biológica; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Pasquini, Juana M. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Biológica; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Pasquini, Laura A. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Biológica; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina