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The Overlook of Maintenance Practices in the Digitalization of Railway Maintenance Records
No full textWe present an ethnographic study of railway maintenance work, with a focus on digitalized maintenance records. This on-going research is taking place in a small private railway maintenance company in the south of France for two years. We describe the integration of maintenance records in a wide material environment, and the evolution from filling in these records on paper to smartphones. This research brings some nuance on the beneficial effects of the 'digital transformation' in this industry, and shows how the workers compensate for the overlook of their practices in the design of the digital records
Social Connectedness as a Focus for Designing Technologies in Support of Mental Health
No full textTechnologies designed for mental health often target an individual user's behavior change, social support, or clinical treatment. However, there are limits to the impact of interventions focused on the individual when mental health challenges are intertwined with broader, systemic issues. This paper describes a complementary approach for digital mental health: designing for the critical ties between individual and collective wellbeing, by understanding the subjective experience of social connectedness. We report an interview study focused on youth mentors in the city of Philadelphia, which was initiated by their desire to incorporate digital technology in reaching and supporting youth in their community. We analyzed youth programs as a form of promoting social connectedness to address mental health in response to the traumatic effects of community gun violence and socioeconomic distress. We identified five interrelated layers of social connectedness: intrapersonal, interpersonal, small group, large group, and cultural
A Rapid Review of Gender Parity and Collaboration in Technology: Insights from the Past Decade
No full textGender diversity is a recurrent topic in the STEM field. The lack of women's presence in the field concerns important organizations such as the UN and UNESCO. This matter impacts collaboration since the absence of team diversity can affect the result obtained. Due to this context, the present study aims to analyze collaboration regarding gender parity. The rapid review methodology was used to search for primary studies on these themes and understand how collaboration and gender have been investigated in the last ten years. We used the Rapid Review methodology to select twenty papers evaluated by type of collaboration, model of collaboration, type of research, and research strategy. While it wasn't possible to determine a definitive collaboration model, the analysis revealed that most studies focused on collaborative learning. The research type showed a balanced distribution between explanatory and descriptive approaches, with the majority employing surveys as their primary research strategy
Multispecies Urbanism: Blueprint on the Methodological Future of Inclusive Smart City Design
No full textThe incorporation of digital infrastructure has become increasingly important in Smart Cities. Inclusive Smart City design requires an intersectional approach that engages human and non-human actors. While in academia inclusive design and socio-technical methods are emerging, Smart City practitioners lack universally accessible collections of methods applicable for diverse target groups. This workshop examines creative, qualitative and participatory methods with practitioners and researchers for inclusive design of Smart Cities that consider the needs and preferences of vulnerable target groups such as older adults, wildlife, and nature. A participatory approach is applied, taking into account the multidisciplinary complex work context of practitioners, e.g., representatives of municipalities. This workshop is the third of a series of workshops against this theme and closes the circle of different relevant stakeholders (researchers, vulnerable target groups, practitioners), resulting into a collection of inclusive, participatory methods which are made accessible to Smart City practitioners in an online toolbox
Frictional AI. Designing Desirable Inefficiencies in Decision Support Systems for Knowledge Work
No full textMy research involves the conceptualization of ‘Frictional AI’ as a novel approach for enhancing cognitive engagement in Decision Support Systems (DSS) through intentional design inefficiencies. Through empirical studies and theoretical analysis, I explore the balance between human intuition and automation-induced enhancements to decision-making in medical diagnostics. With the introduction and assessment of four distinct frictional protocols (cautious, comparative, judicial, and adjunct), this design framework prioritizes the efficacy and integrity of human knowledge work, ensuring that professionals are engaged, critical thinkers, capable of counteracting automation bias and deskilling–even at a slight cost in efficiency and comfort
What remains of containment? Evolution of artifact ecologies in civil security organizations
No full textCrisis situations often led to profound professional transformations in terms of resources and practices. For example, COVD-19 has had major impacts on work environments with measures such as mandatory mask wearing, social distancing and containment episodes. Civil protection organizations (firefighters, emergency operations, healthcare) have not returned to their pre-confinement set-up since the end of the pandemic: their collaborative tools and professional practices (i.e. regular introduction of teleworking, new inter-departmental communication tools), that is their artifact eccologies, have evolved. My research aims to develop a better characterization of these evolutions by documenting and analyzing the evolutions of the ecologies of hardware and software artifacts of civil protection organizations, while and after the lockdown period. To achieve this, my study uses a qualitative research strategy based on semi-directive interviews and practical observations of inter-service training sessions. The lessons learnt from this aim at providing guidance for dealing with changes during crisis situations in the context of long term cooperating organizations and their associated ecologies of artifacts
Tying the policy knot: the Case of an Ongoing Digital Archiving Project for Patient Records
No full textOur study delves into the pivotal role of policies in the success of digital transformation initiatives, focusing on a case study of digitizing patient records at a general hospital. We aim to bridge the research gap on how policies are interpreted and applied in such projects, using a qualitative approach to understand the motivations and actions of the involved parties. By transitioning from paper to digital formats for clinical letters and test results, the project sought to optimize space and improve document access. Our findings, drawn from field notes and observations, highlight the diverse interests in digitization, from space management to policy compliance. We conclude with insights on the importance of policies in digital transformations, offering valuable lessons for future projects and digital archiving efforts
“It’s Like Living a Different Life, Going to the Moon”: Rethinking Space and Activity in the Context of COVID-19
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic and preventive measures such as social distancing massively affected individuals’ activities in different spaces. For example, social spaces such as restaurants, parks, and movie theaters are closed. To understand how adapted practices have changed the meanings and use of different spaces in the context of the pandemic, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 30 individuals living alone in a Midwestern state of the USA, focusing on changes in activities and spaces where these activities used to take place. Our findings revealed that non-technological (e.g., making slight adjustments, finding alternatives) and technological (e.g., transitioning to the virtual sphere) adaptation strategies changed the relationships between space and activity while reshuffling and decoupling activities from their usual spaces during the pandemic. Based on the findings, we propose a framework illustrating different space-activity dimensions to reflect the evolved relationships between space and activity. The framework will facilitate exploring associated challenges and opportunities for potential research and design of technology for adapted activities decoupled from the physical spaces. Towards that goal, we present design implications for future socio-technical systems to support adapting space and activities in the context of COVID-19
Using a Service Lens to Better Understand Practices –and Vice Versa
No full textMany studies of practices involve service exchange, and many service researchers have discovered the central role that sociotechnical practices play in service –in particular, within the service-dominant logic school of thought. In this paper, we propose an analytical lens that builds on this mutual interest to understand complex practices involving service exchange. Practice researchers can gain new insights regarding practices embedded in service ecosystems. At the same time, service researchers can better explain actor behavior by looking deeper at sociotechnical practices. We develop a concept toolbox based on practice and service-dominant logic research literature. We illustrate the usefulness of the toolbox through an interpretative case study of public service to include children with disabilities in leisure activities. Seeing practices as parts of larger multi-stakeholder service ecosystems 1) can help us better explain behavior in those practices and understand how they are affected by other overlapping practices, 2) brings forward the importance of value and how multiple actors need to interact in order to create value for each other, and 3) enriches service-dominant logic with a focus on sociotechnical aspects that are central to many practice studies
Everyday Diagnostic Work in the Histopathology Lab: CSCW Perspectives on the Utilization of Data-Driven Clinical Decision Support Systems
No full textIn this paper we present an ethnographic study of the work of histopathologists as they grapple with the twin innovations of transitioning to digital biopsy images and the prospective adoption of an AI-based clinical decision support system (CDSS). We explore how they are adapting to the former and their expectations of the latter. The study’s ethnomethodologically-informed ethnography approach brings to light some key issues regarding the nature of diagnostic work, and accountability and trust that are central to the successful adoption of technological innovations in clinical settings