INCEIF Knowledge Repository (INCEIF University)
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Bank competition and stability in dual-banking systems
No full textNumerous attempts have been made to discover the effect of competition on banking stability, before and after the recent global financial crisis. Despite the rich theoretical and empirical literature on the topic, two contradictory views are observed; the competition-fragility view and the competition stability view. On one hand, the former view argues that higher competition leads to more pressure on profits and hence induces banks' management to take higher risk strategies. On the other, the supporters of the competition-stability hypothesis argue that banks in more competitive markets tend to charge lower rates, which reduces the entrepreneurs' cost of borrowing and increases the success rate of entrepreneurs' investments. Consequently, banks will face lower credit risk on their loan portfolio in more competitive markets, which should lead to more stability
Assessing the long-run relationship of exchange rate and balance of payment: a case study of Nigeria
No full textTheoretically, a monetary policy intervention of a central bank in form of exchange rate devaluation will make exports of such a country cheaper with a resultant increased competitiveness. However, should developing country such as Nigeria that is mostly import-dependent adopt the same approach? Will a greater focus on the structural and developmental changes be a better option? In a long-run, what is the lead-lag relationship between exchange rate and the Balance of Payment (BOP)? These are issues this project paper sets out to empirically investigate through a multivariate vector error correction framework ..
Hybrid model of zakah, waqf, qard-hassan & Islamic finance for a just and sustainable microfinance
No full textThe failure of interest based programmes, such as micro-finance and anti-poverty programmes, in assisting the destitute, eradicating poverty and reducing income inequality encouraged the authors to study in depth the alternative financial institutions to interest/riba that can solve such problems rather than harming individuals, communities, societies and countries. This raises the question of whether the different Islamic financial institutions can eradicate poverty, reduce inequalities and provide microfinance with zero-interest. The answer to this will be presented throughout this paper
Elimination of riba (interest) in financial transactions
No full textWith financial turmoil of 2007 to 2009, the collapse of Wall Street on 28th October 1929 known as 'Black Monday', economic disaster also known as 'Great Depression' shook the capitalistic economy brutally and compelled many economists as well as societal intellectuals to find solution and reconcile carefully the soundness of the economic system. Consequently, the world experienced several severe economic disasters, which stimulated serious thinking on economic matters (ul Hassan, 2005). With the failure of communism, capitalism had spread, many people think that capitalism in which interest plays a very important role, is the best economic system for the present world. These include banking, finance houses, business, industry and agriculture. Modern society think capitalistic economic system cannot exist without paying or charging of interest and no economy of the present world can survive with strict prohibition on the interest (ul Hassan, 2005)
Socially responsible or Shariah compliant? Which creates more value for investors in equity funds?
No full textThe mutual fund industry observed a remarkable growth of two distinct types of mutual funds during the last two decades, namely, Shariah-compliant funds (SCFs) and Socially responsible funds (SRFs). These alternative investment avenues were created for investors who are keen on investments that are Shariah-compliant and have better ethical standards than conventional funds. To fulfil these needs, the funds' investment strategies incorporate specific non-financial screening criteria based on ethical and religious guidelines, besides the typical risk-return financial screening
Islamic financial education for children and its effects on poverty
No full textThe Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), in their Recommendation on Principles and Good Practices for Financial Education, argues that, in the contemporary world, financial literacy is related with standard of living and that, in the deficiency of financial knowledge, individuals and households are more exposed to indebtedness and bankruptcy (OECD, 2005). The World Savings Bank Institute (WSBI) in support for children's financial education stated that, "not only to support their habit building, but also because children are key actors of change for their families" (2009). Despite of its importance, financial literacy still remains poorly explained and imperfectly measured (Holzmann, 2010). Professionals and scholars have contended with competing theoretical frameworks for research on financial education. Moreover, comprehensive strategies for instructing children to be effective managers of money and successful participants of a complex financial marketplace have not yet emerged (McCormick, 2009)
Growth and resource curse in oil-rich OIC countries: the role of institutions and financial development
No full textThere has been considerable research providing evidence of a negative link between natural resource abundance and economic growth leading to the coining of the term 'resource curse' (Yuxiang & Chen, 2009; Anshasy & Katsaiti, 2011). The member states of the Islamic Cooperation Countries (OIC) comprise 57 countries, including those that are resource rich. Given that oil exports revenue has been the main resource contributor, it is expected that continuous increase in fuel prices over the past decade would have positioned the OIC countries at the forefront of economic performance and growth ..
Developing sustainable social benefit scheme for the hard core poor using Islamic finance - zakah, waqf and qard hassan
No full textThe slides highlight: 1) the objective of the paper - to draw the attention to the four remarkable financial institutions which are meant to eradicate poverty, reduces inequalities and narrowing down the gap between the rich and the poor in an ethical and a just way; 2) current scenario/global poverty; 3) zakah financial institutions and products; 4) sadaqah financial institutions; 5) financial products under waqf
Implementing the IFSA investment account: a risk-sharing banking model
No full textRecent calls for risk-sharing - as expounded in the 2012 Kuala Lumpur Declaration, the 2014 Jeddah Declaration and the 2014 International Monetary Fund statement - elucidate the present situation of Islamic banking and finance: an acknowledgement that risk sharing is a "salient characteristic" of Islamic financial transactions on the one hand and that it is "not deeply embedded" on the other. The objective of this practical evidence-based research paper is to address this schism between prescription and practice. It recapitulates the principles underpinning risk sharing and the reasons why it is integral to the Shar??ah and why (as stated in the Declaration) risk transfer and risk shifting violate a Shari'ah principle. he paper presents preliminary research utilizing empirical data from Malaysian Islamic banks and the Malaysian stock market as a proxy for the real economy. It considers newly enacted Malaysian legislation, the Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 (IFSA), from the perspective of its aim to more clearly define the products and activities of Islamic banks
The value premium and idiosyncratic risk: case of GCC
No full textThe purpose of this study was to find whether value premium exists in the context of GCC markets, and if it does, whether idiosyncratic risk explain its presence. The sample consisted of stock indices and company level stock prices from three GCC countries: Oman, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. The economic model used CAPM and the analyses were divided into 2 parts: the first part involves testing idiosyncratic risk has impact on value premium using GARCH-M and EGARCH-M model. It was found that value premium does exist in Gulf markets with positive significant relationship between value premium and idiosyncratic risk for Oman and Kuwaiti markets ..